Taxonomic Studies of Phallodrilinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) from the Great Barrier Reef and the Comoro Islands with Descriptions of Ten New Species and One New Genus

A taxonomic and morphological account of a collection of Phallodrilinae from coralline sands at Heron Island in Australia's Great Barrier Reef is given. Ten new forms are described: Jamiesoniella athecata gen. et sp.n. Phallodrilus rectisetosus heronensis subsp.n. P. geniculatus sp.n. P. filithecatus sp.n. P. clavatus sp.n. (latter three all devoid of an alimentary canal), Bathydrilus superiovasatus sp.n. Coralliodrilus atriobifidus sp.n. C. oviatriatus sp.n. C. parvigenitalis sp.n. and the gutless C. avisceralis sp.n. Morphological notes are given for Phallodrilus albidus Jamieson, 1977 and Bathydrilus rohdei (Jamieson, 1977). The new meiobenthic genus Jamiesoniella is characterized by having simple atria with only one pair of prostate glands, which are attached to ectal parts of atria, and by lacking spermathecae and penial setae, The genus is probably related to Aktedrilus Knöllner and Bacescuella Hrabě. A gutless species, Phallodrilus comorensis sp.n. is described from the Comoro Islands in the Mozambique Channel (W Indian Ocean).     

Redescriptions of Phallodrilus parthenopaeus Pierantoni and P. obscurus Cook (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae)

The type species of Phallodrilus Pierantoni, 1902, P. parthenopaeus Pierantoni, 1902; is redescribed on the basis of new material from W Scotland. The species is characterized by its specific spermathecal and penial setae, its very slender atria, and its long spermathecal ducts. Sexually fully mature specimens of P. obscurus Cook, 1969 are described for the first time, on the basis of material from New Jersey (E USA). The new material shows that this species possesses 5 to 9 penial setae in each ventral bundle of segment XI, and that its atria are coated with a relatively thick musculature.     

Taxonomic Revision of the Marine Genera Bathydrilus Cook and Macroseta Erséus (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae), with Descriptions of Six New Species and Subspecies

Macroseta Erséus, 1975 is considered a junior synonym to Bathydrilus Cook, 1970 after examination of the type material of B. asymmetricus Cook, 1970. Bathydrilus is defined mainly by its organization of the male duct: vas deferens entering ectal half of atrium, one prostate gland attached to ectal part of atrium, near entrance of vas deferens, another prostate attached to apical, ental end of atrium. B. atlanticus sp.n., B. hadalis sp.n., B. meridianus sp.n., B. graciliatriatus sp.n. and B. longus sp.n. are described from specimens collected from various parts of the world; most of the species are deep-sea forms. Phallodrilus rohdei Jamieson, 1977 and Phallodrilus adriaticus Hrabe', 1971 are transferred to Bathydrilus , and a Caribbean/Bermudian form is described as B. adriaticus trisetosus subsp.n. The taxonomy and morphology of the different species, including B. rarisetis (Erséus, 1975) comb.n., are discussed. Bathydrilus is included in the sub-family Phallodrilinae. It appears closely related to Phallodrilus Pierantoni, 1902, from which it is distinguished principally by differences in the relative positions of the vasa deferentia, the atria and the prostate glands.     

贵州距水虻属新种记述(双翅目,水虻科)

首次报道我国贵州距水虻属Allognosta 4个种(包括3新种或亚种),即背斑距水虻A.dorsalis sp.nov.,梵净山距水虻A.fanjingshana sp.nov.,斑胸距水虻A.maculipleura Frey 和黑腿距水虻Allognosta flavofemoralis nigrifemur subsp.nov,.模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆.     

Taxonomy on crane flies in family Tipulidae and Limoniidae (Diptera: Tipuloidea) from Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve,Anhui, China

The paper reports 13 species from Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve,Anhui,China,including a new species and a new subspecies,Tipula (Emodotipula) alexanderi Men,sp.nov.and Nephrotoma impigra anqingensis Men,subsp.nov.The female of Libnotes (Libnotes) pseudonohirai Men,2015 is described and illustrated for the first time.The males of Holorusia henana Yang,1999 and Tipula (Vestiplex)jiangi Yang & Yang,1991 are redescribed and illustrated with new morphological characters.A key to all species is provided.     

New and Little-Known Species of Deep-sea Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the North-West Atlantic

Eight species of Tubificidae are reported from deep-sea samples taken south of Massachusetts. Phallodrilus grasslei sp. n., with heavily muscular vasa deferentia, and penial setae, two per bundle, oriented with ectal ends obliquely pointing towards the anterior, and P. rostratus sp. n., with a long and narrow, snout-like prostomium, heavily muscular, tripartite atria, and small, hooked penial setae, about five per bundle, are described. Phallodrilus biparis Erséus, previously known only from off France in the north-east Atlantic, is reported and depicted. Taxonomic notes are provided for Adelodrilus voraginus (Cook), A. fimbriatus Erséus, Bathydrilus asymmetricus Cook, and B. atlanticus Erséus. The depth distribution of all eleven deep-sea tubificid species known to occur south of Massachusetts are briefly discussed.     

Heterobranchia (Gastropoda) from the Jurassic Deposits of Russia

Small gastropods from the Jurassic deposits of the European Russia, united into the lower Heterobranchia or Allogastropoda, are described. The families of Ampezzanildidae, Cimidae, Cornirostridae, Ebalidae, and Stuoraxidae are distinguished, and a set of taxa is given without reference to a definite family. The family Ampezzanildidae from the Jurassic deposits is described for the first time on the basis of the mass material, ascribed to the new genus Zizipupa gen. nov. with the sole species of Z. costata sp. nov. The family Cimidae includes the genera of Cristalloella, Rotfanella, Urlocella, and Unzhispira gen. nov. with species C. spiralocostata (Gründel, 1998), R. gerasimovi sp. nov., R. reticulata sp. nov., Urlocella undulata sp. nov., and Unzhispira minuta sp. nov. The genus Heteronatica gen. nov. is included into the family Cornirostridae. This genus is the first siphonostomatous representative of the given family including the sole long-living species H. globosa sp. nov., which is subdivided into subspecies H. globosa globosa and H. globosapromota subsp. nov. The family Ebalidae is represented by the genus Ebala, shells of which are distributed from the Middle Oxfordian to the Middle Volgian. The family Stuoraxidae is described based on two genera Stuoraxis and Aneudaronia gen. nov., including species of S. crassa sp. nov. and A. elegans sp. nov. The genus Doggerostra, which fits into different families of Heterobranchia in terms of shell morphology is represented by the species D. riedeli Gründel, 1998, which was previously known from the Bathonian and Callowian deposits in Poland and Germany, as well as form the Upper Jurassic interval in the Russian Plate. The Middle Volgian subspecies D. riedeli affinis subsp. nov. is distinguished in the composition of this species. In addition, the genus Masaevia gen. nov. with the sole species of M. sinistra sp. nov. is described. Due to so specific shell morphology of this genus, its position in the Heterobranchia system is unclear. It is not improbable that we deal with small planktonic gastropods of protoconchs of unknown group of planktonic or benthic gastropods.     

Citrate metabolism in 16 Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and subsp. dextranicum strains

Citrate metabolism was studied in non-growing cells of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and subsp. dextranicum with respect to energetics, formation of degradation products and stoichiometry. The use of selective ionophores and uncoupler showed that citrate utilization was coupled to the proton motive force generated by ATP hydrolysis. Differences in citrate metabolism observed in 20 Leuconostoc strains were related to strains but not to the species or subspecies studied. Citrate metabolism was stimulated by glucose up to a concentration of 25 mmol 1^-1 and decreased at higher concentrations. The main degradation products resulting from the co-metabolism of citrate (10 mmol 1^-1) and glucose (2 mmol 1^-1) were acetate, lactate and pyruvate. Only four Leuconostoc strains produced low levels of acetoin and diacetyl. No strains produced ethanol or acetaldehyde. Citrate degradation ability was stable for at least 130 generations in 81% of the Leuconostoc strains.     

中国秽蝇属虎秽蝇种团（双翅目：蝇科）分类研究

虎秽蝇种团隶属于双翅目蝇科的秽蝇属,全世界已记录有7种。通过对我国虎秽蝇种团进行整理,总结我国该种团共8种(亚种),编制了分种检索表,并对其中的l新种和2新亚种分别予以记述,即：(1)白瓣秽蝇,新种Coenosiaalbisquamasp．nov．,该新种近似c．breviaedeagusWu et Xue,1996,但间额黑色无粉被,侧颜宽约为触角第三节宽l／3(后为2／3),小盾片背面灰色,仅后端缘棕色,中股前腹鬃较短,近端后背鬃l,腹部侧斑近三角形等可相区别。(2)褐瘦弱秽绳,新亚种Coenosia attenuata brunneasubsp．nov．,本新亚种与其指名亚种瘦弱秽蝇C．attenuata Stein,1903,雄性尾器大体相同,但以下方面区别明显：额、颜、侧颜和颊的粉被为棕褐色(不为灰白色),额狭于头宽的l／3,额三角达额上方的l／3(不在下方l／3),触角和下颚须黑褐色(不为完全黄色);胸部粉被褐色(不为灰色),盾片具3黑条,分别在中鬃和背中鬃列上(指名亚种无),腋瓣淡棕色;各足的基节、转节、股节和胫节的基半部为黑褐色(不为黄色),后股具短小的前腹鬃列;腹部粉被均暗褐色(不为灰色)。(3)版纳秽蝇,新亚种Coenosia strtitpes bannaensis subsp．nov．,该新亚种与主要分布于古北区的指名亚种毛足秽蝇C．strigipes和Sten,1916区别在于：雄性和雌性的额三角前端达额中部,侧颜较狭;触角第三节完全黄色;各足股节较细,中、后股节腹面无细长毛,后足胫节较直,各足跗节约等于胫节长;第l 2合背板具1对侧斑,第一腹板裸等。模式标本保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所。     

Artificial hybridization within Saxifraga pentadactylis (Saxifragaceae)

Saxifraga pentadactylis subsp. almanzorii , an endemic to the subalpine nucleus of Sierra de Gredos (central Spain), differs from its closest relative, subsp. willkommiana , by its less showy petals. An artificial crossing program was carried out in order to assess the degree of reproductive isolation between the subspecies. To facilitate interpretation of the results, the program was extended to 10 other interspecific hybrid combinations within sect. Saxifraga . All the data gathered are congruent with the occurrence of two evolutionary scenarios. Interspecific crossings, rendering moderate to high seed-set (in obtaining the F₁), and vigorous but relatively sterile F₁ offspring, reveal reproductive barriers at the level of the F₁ fertility, probably originated as a byproduct of divergent evolution. In contrast, intraspecific crossings within S. pentadactylis resulted in seed-set values lower than expected (in obtaining the F₁), in a majority of weak non-viable F₁ offspring but also in a few fertile F₁ hybrid specimens which were able to originate F₂ offspring. This second pattern reveals reproductive barriers at the level of the F₁ vitality, probably arisen in a quite abrupt fashion. The lower P/O for subsp. almanzorii as compared to subsp. willkommiana , together with the rest of the evidence suggest that the reproductive barriers between them might be the product of active selection against hybridization achieved by incrementing the levels of autogamy in the former.     

蒙古南戈壁泥盆纪(埃姆斯期-艾菲尔期)牙形刺

在蒙古南戈壁地区丘隆组(Chuluun Formation)和查干卡勒噶组(Tsagaankhaalga Formation)发现的牙形刺证明丘隆组的时代为晚埃姆斯期,查干卡勒噶组的时代为早艾菲尔期,与以前大化石所确定的时代一致。但艾菲尔阶的底界暂时还无法准确确定,蒙古南戈壁地区艾菲尔阶牙形刺动物群与同期北美的牙形刺动物群相似．但也包含一些地方性分子,蒙古海相艾菲尔期的沉积可能不完整。本文描述了2个命名新种．Caudicriodus delicatus sp. nov. , C. paraculicellus sp. nov. ,一个未命名新种,Caudicriodus sp. nov. A和一个新亚种,Cuadicriodus angustus cauda subsp, nov.。     

中国带织蛾属九新种和二新纪录种(鳞翅目:织蛾科)

记述了中国带织蛾属PeriacmaMeyrick 9新种 ,即曲靖带织蛾P .qujingensissp .nov .,离腹带织蛾P .absacculasp .nov .,新带织蛾P .novellasp .nov .,齿腹带织蛾P .sacculidenssp .nov .,三齿带织蛾P .tri dentatasp .nov .,尖爪带织蛾P .acriuncatasp .nov .,等瓣带织蛾P .equivalvatasp .nov .,尖颚带织蛾P .acutignathasp .nov .,中华带织蛾P .sinicasp .nov .。报道了中国 1新纪录亚种 ,越南带织蛾P .iodesmavietnamicaLvovsky ,1988和 1新纪录种伊带织蛾P .isanensisMoriuti,SaitoetLewvanich ,1989。提供了新种的雌雄外生殖器特征图。模式标本 (除指明外 )保存在南开大学生物学系。     

'Lysobacter enzymogenes ssp. cookii ' Christensen 1978 should be recognized as an independent species, Lysobacter cookii sp. nov.

' Lysobacter enzymogenes ssp. cookii ' was proposed by Christensen and Cook in 1978; however, this subspecies name has not been cited in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and therefore the nomenclature has not been validated. In our genetic approach to clarify the relationships of the designated type strain of ' L. enzymogenes ssp. cookii ' PAGU 1119 (GenBank accession number ATCC29488 ) within the genus Lysobacter revealed that the strain was closely related to Lysobacter capsici YC5194 ^T (99.4%) rather than L. enzymogenes DSM2043 ^T (97.2%). The value for whole genome DNA–DNA relatedness between strain PAGU 1119 and L. enzymogenes DSM 2043^T or L. capsici YC5194 ^T was 20.7–26.1% or 60.9–62.0%, respectively. Although PAGU 1119 and L. capsici YC5194 ^T showed relatively high DNA relationships, the fatty acid profiles and some phenotypic characteristics were different, and we concluded that PAGU 1119 should be placed in a new species. We therefore propose a new species with the name Lysobacter cookii sp. nov. The type strain is PAGU 1119^T ( ATCC29488 ).     

New larger foraminifers from the Eocene of the Crimea (Ukraine) and Mangyshlak (Western Kazakhstan)

Two new species of Nummulites and one subspecies of Orbitoclypeus from the Eocene of the Crimean Mountains and Mangyshlak Peninsula are described in detail. Nummulites alexisi sp. nov. and Orbitoclypeus munieri major subsp. nov. come from the Upper Ypresian, while Nummulites ninikae sp. nov. is from the Lower-Middle Lutetian. The phylogenetic position of new taxa is discussed.     

The status of Phaiophleps lyckholmi (Dusen) R. G. Foster (Iridaceae)

An examination of the south Patagonian and Fuegian plant, Phaiophleps lyckholmi (Dusén) R. C. Foster, shows that it can be distinguished from the more widespread P. biflora (Thunb.) R. C. Foster by its leaf anatomy and perianth colour; these taxa can also be separated on the lengths of the peduncle and filament-tube, and on the shape of the perianth tube, although there is some overlap in these features. Because of the intermediates it is proposed that the two taxa be recognized as subspecies– P. biflora subsp. biflora , occupying grassland and dwarf-shrub communities at altitudes below 700 (-1000) m, reaches north to c. 46^o S latitude in Patagonia, while P. biflora subsp. lyckholmi (Dusén) D. M. Moore Stat. nov., is restricted to open habitats above (150-) 1050 m in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia south of 48^o 50's latitude.     

A TAXONOMIC STUDY ON COENOSIA TIGRINA SPECIES-GROUP(DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN CHINA

The Chinese species of Coenosia tigrina species ‐ group of the genus Coenosia Meigen, 1826 are treated. One new species, C. albisquama sp. nov., and two new subspecies, C. attenuata brunnea subsp. nov. and C. strigipes bannaensis subsp. nov., are described. A key to Chinese species is given to seperate the species. The types specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal University.     

MIDDLE TRIASSIC NEW FOSSILS OF PROTORTHOPHLEBIA TILLYARD (INSECW: MECOPTERA) FROM TONGCHUAN REGION, SHAANXI PROVINCE, CHINA

Abstract  The new fossil specimens of Protorthphlebia Tillyd, 1933 collected from the Middle Triassic grayishgreen mudstone and shale of the Upper part of Lower Member, Middle Triassic Tongchuan Formation ( T ²_2t) in Tongchuan Shaanxi Province, China are reported and two new species Protorthophlebia ladinica sp.nov. and P. triassica sp.nov. are described. A key to 10 species of genus Rotorthphlebia is provided.     

New psyllids (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea) from Canada

Psylla kananaskensis sp. nov. and Psylla subspiculata sp. nov. are described from specimens collected off Salix sp. in the Kananaskis Valley, Alberta, Canada. Psylla kananaskensis is close to P. arcuata Loginova; P. subspiculata is close to P. spiculata Jensen and P. parallela Crawford. A new dioecous subspecies of Psylla myrtilli is also described from specimens collected off Vaccinium myrtillus L. in the same locality. In addition the following species are recorded from Canada for the first time: Aphalara nubifera Patch, Craspedolepta alaskensis (Ashmead), C. minutissima (Crawford), C. subpunctata (Foerster), Trioza obtusa (Patch) and T. pletschi Tuthill.