Sagittopteris belemnopteroides gen.et sp.nov.在山西的发现

山西晚古生代植物自赫勒(Halle,1927)研究以来向为世人瞩目。解放后,李星学(1963)又对华北广大地区月门沟群的化石进行了详细研究,补充了前人的不足。近年来,山西省区域地质调查队在1/20万区域地质调查和一系列的专题研究中,采集了大量化石标本。笔者在鉴定中发现不少有意义的分子,本文报道的即系其中之一。化石为作者之一肖素珍于1976年在晋东南参加剖面测制时采集的。本种在山西其他地区亦有出现。如太原西山、沁水杏峪、柳林、沁     

Rappels physiques et outils d’optimisation de la qualité image et de la dose

Many parameters can affect the patient's dose and the CT image quality. It is therefore essential, in order to optimize the patient's dosimetry, to know the influence of these parameters as well as their link with the dose modulation tools.     

Relation entre aphides et fourmis dans la production et la récolte du miellat sur oranger

Résumé La fréquence des gouttelettes de miellat excrétées par Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de F.) augmente en la présence de Tapinoma simrothi Krausse., mais le phénomène est seulement important quand les aphides sont familiarisés avec la visite des fourmis. En présence d'ouvrières pourvoyeuses âgées, le nombre de gouttelettes de miellat excrétées par une colonie d'aphides est multiplié par 4,9. Les meilleures performances sont obtenues avec les larves, qui défèquent plus vite que les adultes. Les jeunes ouvrières âgées de moins de deux semaines et isolées juste avant la naissance, sont capables d'augmenter la production de gouttelettes, et ceci sans apprentissage. Mais l'effet est plutôt faible. Dans tous les cas, le nombre de sollicitations pour la nourriture est plus élevé que le nombre des gouttelettes excrétées. Habituellement, les fourmis collectent le miellat directement sur les aphides. Néanmoins, le miellat restant sur les feuilles peut être ramassé, mais cette récolte n'est pas très importante.

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Summary The frequency of honeydew droplets excreted by Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de F.) increases in the presence of Tapinoma simrothi Krausse., but the phenomenon is only important when aphids are familiarized with ant-attendance. In presence of old foraging workers, the number of honeydew droplets excreted by an aphid colony is multiplied by 4.9. The best performances are obtained with larvae, which defecate faster than adults. Young workers less than two weeks old and isolated just before birth, are able to increase the droplets production, and this without apprenticeship. But the effect is rather slight. In all cases, the number of food sollicitations is higher than the number of excreted droplets. Usually, ants collect honeydew directly on aphids. Nevertheless, honeydew remaining on leaves can be picked up, but this gathering is not very important.

     

Effets du rubidium et du césium sur la croissance et la nutrition minerale des characees

Résumé Le rubidium et le césium introduits à l'état de chlorure dans le milieu de culture ont à faible dose un effet stimulant sur la croissance de Chara fragilis et de Chara vulgaris. La résistance de ces végétaux à l'action toxique des deux ions est accrue par l'addition de potassium au milieu.Les analyses chimiques confirment que le rubidium et le césium sont antagonistes vis-à-vis du potassium et du sodium alors qu'ils ne modifient pas de manière significative le taux de calcium.

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Chara fragilis and Chara vulgaris were cultivated in a natural medium containing rubidium and caesium as chloride.The growth of Characeae was increased after culture in the solutions containing Rb and Cs in small amount. The resistance to the toxic effects of these two ions is enhanced if potassium chloride is added to the medium.Quantitative analyses indicate that Rb and Cs decrease the rate of Na and K but have no significative influence on the rate of Ca.

Université de Dijon, Laboratoire de Nutrition minérale des Végétaux     

ΓОРИЗОНТ С Polydesmia И ИХ РОДСТВЕННЫЕ СВЯЗИ С Ordosoceras

1.BBe及eH“e B几aHHo仑eTaTbe onHeHBa幻Te只3K3eMn几兄PH,eo6PaHHNe B oeHoBHoM nPo中.几y只Hb一xao,np帅.My 3Hb一q、H H aBTopoM B 19,9 ro八y BoBpeM只pa6oTHB玖30以3。-山aHbeKoM Pa益oHe BHyTPeHHe益MOHrO涯HH H qacTHqHO 3Kcne八H从H分MH从633,从20,CeBe-Po一3ana八Horo reo几orllqecKoroy且paB几eHH只H OP八oCKo盆3Kene及H玖He丘Feo几orHqeeKoroynpaB几eHH只BHyTpeHHe直MOHro月HHM对HHcTepcTBa几。几or“H KHP Bo BpeM分o6e几e八。-BaTe几beKo益reo卫JHqeeK诚Pa6oT曰B双aHHoM’…     

Transformation of androgenic-derived Festulolium plants (Lolium?perenne L.?×?Festuca?pratensis Huds.) by Agrobacterium?tumefaciens

Genetic transformation of androgenic-derived amphidiploid Festulolium plants (Lolium perenne L. × Festuca pratensis Huds., 2n = 4x = 28) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been achieved. Anther culture-induced calli of Festulolium “Bx351” were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying pIG121-Hm encoding the hygromycin resistance (hph) and β-glucuronidase (uidA) genes under the control of a CaMV 35S promoter. Twenty-three putative transformants were obtained from the hygromycin selection, 19 of which (82.6%) showed GUS activity. The integration of transgene was detected by using genomic DNA PCR analysis, RT-PCR analysis and Southern blot hybridization, respectively, which revealed that foreign gene was integrated into the genomes of dihaploid transformants (2n = 2x = 14). The haploid embryogenic system offers a stable means of transformation, as the introduced trait can be readily fixed through chromosome doubling. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Brachyspira asperella Yu et Zhang的个体发育

对Brachyspira asperella Yu et Zhang的40个个体的测量统计表明,此种在生长发育过程中可以区分出3个生长阶段:幼年期壳体生长速度缓慢,壳形卵圆形,胎壳乳突状,壳口圆形;成年期生长迅速,壳高显著大于壳宽的增长率,壳形卵圆形-长卵圆形,壳口卵圆形;老年期生长速度缓慢,壳形长卵圆形,壳饰强烈。这3个生长期代表了此种的个体发育过程。研究化石腹足类种的个体发育过程不仅能了解这一类群的系统发生史、生物演化过程及生物间的亲缘关系,而且能提高物种研究程度,避免分类上的错误。     

Action du CCC et de l'Amo 1618 sur la germination,la croissance et les activités AIA-oxydasique,peroxydasique, catalasique in vitro et in vivo de la racine de la Lentille

Summary Amo 1618 inhibits germination and root growth of Lentil seedlings in the dark and in the light, with some symptoms of toxicity; CCC has no effect.Both CCC and Amo 1618 inhibit the catalase activity of a lentil root extract.Increasing concentrations of Amo 1618 progressively increase the activity of peroxidase and IAA-oxidase in vivo; the catalase activity remains unchanged.The effect of Amo 1618 on root growth can thus be explained by a diminished auxin level mediated by an increased auxin catabolism.The effect of Amo 1618 and that of kinetin on root growth and enzymes are parallet. Gibberellic acid has an opposite effect on auxin catabolism.

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Une partie de ce travail a fait l'objet du mémoire de Licence de J. L. et a été réalisée au Laboratoire de Biochimie végétale de l'Institut de Botanique de Liège.     

Aims

In wetlands, water levels can fluctuate, which often disturbs local organisms, such as aquatic plants. The responses of Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum, and Ludwigia adscendens to water level fluctuations of different frequencies were examined here.     

Aims

Forest microclimate is the local environment generated through the interaction between regional climate and forest structure. Studies on forest microclimate not only have theoretical significances in ecology but also practical meanings in forest management practices and wood production. Radiation budget and energy balance is the basis for microclimate. Few studies have performed the radiatoin budget and energy balance analysis at regional scale. Here, we focused at this for the East Asia.     

Rôle des organes perisympathiques et dynamique de la secretion de la bursicon chez Tenebrio molitor

Light and electron microscope observations have been made on the perisympathetic organs (P.O.) situated on the dorsal somatic abdominal nerves in pupae of Tenebrio molitor.Tests carried out with extracts of P.O. using a bioassay method on pupae of Tenebrio at various developmental stages indicate that these organs have an important role in the storage and release of the tanning hormone, bursicon. The P.O. extracts from the abdominal segments (2 to 5) of 5-day-old pupae were found effective but not those from pharate adult (2 days before ecdysis). The storage and release of bursicon occur later from the P.O. of the posterior abdominal segments (6 to 8).The activity of the blood begins to be effective in the pharate adult 2 days before ecdysis, reaches a maximum 1 hr after the adult ecdysis, and decreases thereafter.This study carried out on the various parts of the nervous system shows that all these parts are effective at a certain stage of the pupal and adult development following an antero-posterior gradient. In the cephalic region, this activity is early and long-lasting, but it appears at later stages and only for a short time in the thorax and abdomen. This phenomenon indicates that bursicon is either passed along the ventral nervous chain or it is synthesized in different parts of the nervous system at successive developmental stages. In the present paper, we have tried to give a comprehensive summary of the dynamics of bursicon in insects.     

Relations entre la prolifération et la différenciation cellulaires dans l'intestin embryonnaire et larvaire dePleurodeles waltlii Michah

Résumé Les chalones 1 et 2, extraites de l'intestin de pleurodèle adulte, inhibent en phase G₁ et G₂ respectivement les cycles mitotiques de l'épithélium intestinal embryonnaire. Les effets de ces chalones sur la prolifération et la différenciation cellulaires dans ce tissu ont été étudiés en fonction de la dose injectée, du stade de développement et de la durée du traitement. L'inhibition provoquée par la chalone 2 est proportionnelle à la dose injectée entre deux seuils de concentration. Le quart environ des cellules intestinales en activité mitotique est insensible à la chalone 2 même à la suite d'injections répétées de l'inhibiteur. Seules les cellules intestinales des embryons âgés (stade 34) sont sensibles à cette chalone et répondent par un allongement de la phase G₂ qui, malgré des injections répétées de l'inhibiteur, n'excède pas une vingtaine d'heures. La sensibilité des cellules de l'épithélium intestinal à la chalone 1 se manifeste à la fin du développement (stade 33), comme dans le cas de la chalone 2. A l'égard de la chalone 1, la population cellulaire en activité mitotique dans l'intestin embryonnaire apparaît hétérogène et comprend: 50% de cellules aptes à être inhibées par des doses faibles de chalone 1; 25% de celludes aptes à n'être inhibées que par des doses de chalone 1 cent fois plus élevées et 25% environ de cellules insensibles à cet inhibiteur. Les injections répétées de chalone 1 bloquent définitivement en phase G₁ la moitié environ des cellules en activité mitotique dans l'épithélium intestinal indifférencié au stade 34; en outre, elles accélèrent la consommation du vitellus, favorisent la différenciation des cellules à mucus et diminuent le nombre des cellules constituant les nids sous-épithéliaux qui apparaissent au stade 36 et représentent le compartiment générateur de l'épithélium intestinal. Les réultats obtenus permettent de proposer un modèle de cinétique de la prolifération cellulaire au cours de la différenciation de l'épithélium intestinal du pleurodèle; de plus, ils conduisent à l'hypothèse que le nombre de divisions subies par une cellule embryonnaire et le taux de chalone dans le tissu auquel elle appartient, sont les deux signaux complémentaires qui déclenchent le blocage du cycle mitotique et l'achèvement de la différenciation dans cette cellule.

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Relationships between the cell proliferation and the differentiation in the embryonic and larval intestine ofpleurodeles waltlii michah. II. Effects of intestinal chalones extracted from the intestine of the adult newt

Summary The intestinal chalones 1 and 2, extracted from the intestine of the adult newt, are known to inhibit the G₁ and G₂ phases of the cell cycle in the embryonic intestine. The effects of these intestinal chalones on the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal cells of newt embryos were studied with special attention to the dose-response relationship, the embryonic stage and the duration of treatment. The chalone 2 triggered a linear, dose-dependent inhibition between two concentration thresholds; nevertheless about 25% of the cycling cells were not inhibited either by the highest doses injected or by repeated injections. Sensitivity to chalone 2 appeared in the intestinal epithelium at the end of embryonic development (stage 34) but the cells were not delayed in the G₂ phase for more than about 20 h in spite of repeated injections. It was inferred from the doseresponse curve of the mitotic inhibition by chalone 1, that the intestinal cell population was heterogeneous: about 50% of the cycling cells were inhibited by low concentrations of chalone 1; an additional proportion of about 25% of cycling cells was inhibited by 100 x more concentrated chalone 1 and the remaining 25% was insensitive to the inhibitor. Repeated injections of chalone 1 blocked about 50% of the cycling cells definitively in the G₁ phase, speeded up digestion of yolk platelets, promoted the differentiation of goblet cells and depressed the number of stem cells in the proliferative compartment located beneath the epithelium. A kinetics model of cell proliferation and cell differentiation in the intestinal cell lineages was elaborated and it was suggested that the arrest of mitotic activity and the completion of differentiation in an embryonic cell depends on two incoming signals: one is intracellular and appears when the required number of cell cycles has occured in the cell lineage, leading to a committed stem cell sufficiently differentiated to synthesise chalone and to respond to chalone; the other signal is extracellular and appears when the chalone concentration is high enough: i.e. when the required number of cells is obtained in this tissue.

Ce travail a bénéficié de l'aide du CNRS (ATP N^o A655 1799) et de l'INSERM (AT N^o 74142036)     

Identification ultrastructurale et étude immunocytochimique des cellules à somatostatine de la muqueuse antrale du lapin et de la souris

Résumé Les techniques d'immunofluorescence, d'immunoenzymatique, d'imprégnation ou de coloration sélective des cellules endocrines digestives, et de microscopie électronique ont été combinées pour permettre l'identification et l'étude des cellules à somatostatine chez des animaux normaux ou ayant reçu de la L-Dopa. Ces cellules n'ont pas de fluorescence induite à la formaldéhyde et ne sont que très faiblement argyrophiles en technique de Grimélius; elles ne réagissent pas en technique de Sevier-Munger, Hellerström-Hellman, Mac Conaill. Après administration de L-Dopa elles acquièrent und fluorescence (cellules GIC) et deviennent nettement argyrophiles en technique de Grimélius, plus faiblement en technique de Sevier-Munger.En microscopie électronique après identification immunologique sur coupe semi-fine on peut analyser les mêmes cellules sur coupes fines. Il s'agit de cellules basigranuleuses présentant, outre des grains denses difficiles souvent à distinguer de ceux des cellules G, trois structures fines caractéristiques par leur constance et leur coexistence; ce sont: des grains peu denses et homogènes—des graïns centrés par un matériel filamenteux grossier—des microfilaments nombreux. Les cellules à somatostatine semblent différentes des cellules X et D₁.

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Ultrastructural identification and immunocytochemical study of somatostatin cells in antral mucosa of the rabbit and the mouse

Summary In normal and L-Dopa treated rabbits and mice, combined immunochemical methods, photonic histological methods for endocrine cells and ultrastructural methods were used to elucidate ultrastructure and properties of somatostatin cells of the antral mucosa. In normal rabbits, immunoreactive cells giving no fluorescence with Falck's technic, they corresponded neither to serotonin cells nor gastrin cells; they were unreactive with Fontana, Hellerström-Hellmann, Sevier-Munger and Mac Conaill methods but very slightly stained with Grimelius methods. In L-Dopa treated animals somatostatin cells gave formaldehyde induced fluorescence (they were included in GIC cells, thus in Apud group), exhibited a good reaction with Grimelius and Sevier-Munger methods.In order to carry out the alternate semi-thin/thin section procedure (semi-thin sections for immunofluorescence or immunoenzymatic detection and serial thin sections counterstained for conventional ultrastructure studies), immunological treatment were performed on M.F.F.—glutaraldehyde fixed small fragments of mucosa before inclusion in Epon 812 or, after inclusion, on semi-thin sections. We succeeded in identifying ultrastructurally somatostatin cells. They displayed round or ovoïd shaped secretory granules, and three constant typical structures: numerous microfilaments—light and homogenous granules, often seeming like lipids—granules made up by coarsely filamentous cores surrounded by a large empty halo. Somatostatin cells seemed different of X cells because of their predominant localisation in the antral mucosa (in the rabbit X cells were predominantly in the fundus) and because of the lack of nuclear microfilaments; they also seemed ultrastructuraly different of D₁ cells.

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Travail effectué avec l'aide de la D.G.R.S.T.-Contract n^o 72.7.0043.     

La diatomée Chaetoceros simplex calcitrans Paulsen et son environnement. II. Effets de la lumière et des irradiations ultra-violettes sur la production primaire et la biosynthèse des stérols

12-day cultures of the diatom Chaetoceros simplex calcitrans Paulsen in sea water have been analysed under different conditions of light. With a $\text{12 h}\text{24 h}$ photophase the primary production is 106 % higher than under continuous light but the unsaponifiable fraction is lower (?42 %) and the sterols increase by 100 %. When ultra-violet irradiation is added to the $\text{12 h}\text{24 h}$ photophase the primary production is lowered (?56 %) but the unsaponifiable fraction increases by 191 %, and the sterols by 110 %. When ultra-violet irradiation is added to the continuous light there is an increase in primary production (+30 %) and a decrease in the unsaponifiable fraction (?16%).Modifications of the sterol composition are reported. C₂₆ sterols have never been detected in these experiments.     

Influence de la lumière et de la mycosporine sur la composition stérolique du Nectria galligena au cours de la morphogenese sexuée

The nature and content of free sterols, analyzed by MIKE spectrometry, were investigated in in vitro cultures submitted to different light regimes with or without the addition of exogenous mycosporin. The sterol composition was related to varying degrees of induced sexual morphogenesis, particularly when mycosporin was added to the nutrient medium.     

Etude des fluctuations annuelles des copépodes et du phytoplancton dans la manche et le golfe de gascogne par la méthode d'analyse de la variance et du coefficient de correlation

2275 samples have been collected with the Continuous Plankton Recorder of Hardy at a standard depth of 10 meteres in the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay between 1958–1965. Biological as well as statistical analyses have been carried out to provide data on annual fluctuations of 34 species of copepods and phytoplankton. Methods of analysis of variance and the correlation coefficient analysis were used for this purpose. The results are presented in the form of triangular matrices showing the annual fluctuations of species in the different areas considered and the relationship between different species in each area. These methods allowed us to define separate groups of species that could be called annual communities.

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Extrait d'une thèse de Doctorat en Oceanographie biologique, soutenue à la faculté des Sciences de Paris le 19 décembre 1967. Ce travail a été subventionné par the Office of Naval Research, Department of the United States Navy en vertu du contrat No 62558-3612.

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Extrait d'une thèse de Doctorat en Oceanographie biologique, soutenue à la faculté des Sciences de Paris le 19 décembre 1967. Ce travail a été subventionné par the Office of Naval Research, Department of the United States Navy en vertu du contrat No 62558-3612.     

Controle de la multiplication et de la polyploïdie des hepatocytes du rat

Résumé L'injection de substances irritantes de nature chimique variée perturbe les mécanismes qui contrÔlent la multiplication des hépatocytes du rat.Les très jeunes rats réagissent de faÇon intense et reproductible. 15 heures après l'injection il se produit une augmentation brève et intense du nombre des cellules entrant en phase S de sorte que les divisions cellulaires, qui normalement auraient été réparties sur les 30 ou 40 prochaines heures, débutent en l'espace de 2 heures seulement. La croissance hépatique a pris une importante avance qui est suivie par une période de diminution du nombre des mitoses due à une rétroaction inhibitrice.La réaction des rats plus âgés met en évidence un mécanisme inhibiteur permanent qui entraÎne une réponse moins intense et moins régulière.La production d'hépatocytes binucléés et polyploÏdes parait liée à ce mécanisme inhibiteur.La régularité et la sensibilité des réactions des très jeunes rats en fait un matériel de choix pour l'étude des mécanismes régulateurs de la croissance hépatique.

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Control of multiplication and polyploidy of rat hepatocytesA study of the perturbations of physiological regulation induced by injection of irritants

Summary The injection of irritating substances of various chemical nature disturbs the mechanisms regulating the multiplication of rat hepatocytes.The reaction of baby rats is intense and reproducible. It results, 15 hours after the injection, in an increase of the number of cells entering the S phase, so that practically all the divisions which would normally have been scattered over 36 hours are initiated within 2 hours. This burst of synchronized mitosis corresponding to a 36 hours advance in the hepatic growth is followed by a decrease of mitoses due to a feed-back inhibition.The reaction of older rats brings to evidence a permanent inhibitory mechanism that results in a less regular and intensive response.The production of binucleated and polyploÏd hepatocytes seems to be correlated to this inhibitory mechanism.The regularity and sensivity of the baby rat reactions make them a choice material for the study of hepatic growth.

     

Blessures dans la filiation et infertilité masculine : étude comparative et psychodynamique

The family history of a set of infertile men was the aim of the present study, through a filiation events grid based on a psychoanalytical approach. During the genetic counselling before ICIS procedure, the family chart was established and the filiation grid applied to a group of 30 infertile men requiring assisted reproductive procedures, as well as to a control group of 30 fertile men recruited in a maternity hospital after birth of their child. The filiation events differed significantly between two groups. It can be therefore assumed that difficulties in the past generation may play a part in some cases of infertility. A psychodynamic approach is then developed to highlight the hypothesis of a link between the traumatic impact of these filiation events on these men and its translation as a somatic expression.     

L’Homme préhistorique et la Mort

What are the beginnings of the human conception of death? The graves and funeral rites which we find and the figurative representations may give us some indications to be interpreted with caution.