Paeonia anomala的核型研究

报道了Paeonia anomala L．的核型,澄清了新疆阿尔泰地区分布的该物种的染色体数目。分布于该地区的Paeonia anomala L．的核型组成：2n=2x=10=6m＋2sm＋2st。该类群核型与该属其它类群一致——2A型。在综合比较分析该属染色体参数以及核型不均一性参数,包括最长,最短染色体比（L1/Ln）和染色体不对称系数（CKOA）的基础上,我们发现该属三个组在核型上没有明显分化,仅在木本类群（Sect．Mouton DC．）和草本类群（Sect．Onaepia Lindley和Sect．Paeonia）之间存在微小差异。此外,作为二倍体类群,新疆阿尔泰地区分布的Paeonia anomala L．很可能是二倍体杂种,这将为研究被子植物的父母本同倍化杂交式物种起源提供一个很好的研究材料。     

Paeonia anomala 的核型研究

报道了Paeonia anomala L. 的核型, 澄清了新疆阿尔泰地区分布的该物种的染色体数目。分布于该地区的Paeonia anomala L. 的核型组成: 2n = 2x = 10 = 6m+ 2sm+ 2st。该类群核型与该属其它类群一致———2A 型。在综合比较分析该属染色体参数以及核型不均一性数, 包括最长􊄯最短染色体比(L1/Ln ) 和染色体不对称系数( CKOA) 的基础上, 我们发现该属三个组在核型上没有明显分化, 仅在木本类群(Sect . Moutan DC .) 和草本类群(Sect. Onaepia Lindley 和Sect. Paeonia) 之间存在微小差异。此外, 作为二倍体类群, 新疆阿尔泰地区分布的Paeonia anomala L. 很可能是二倍体杂种, 这将为研究被子植物的父母本同倍化杂交式物种起源提供一个很好的研究材料。     

Karyological Study on the Endangered Species Camellia azalea (Theaceae)

The chromosome number and karyotype of Camellia azalea were reported here for the first time . The species showed in somatic cells the round prochromosome type of the interphase nuclei and the interstitial type of the prophase chromosomes. It was a diploid , and the karyotype could be formulated as 2n = 2x = 30 = 28m (1SAT ) + 2sm, belonging to Stebbins’1B type. The third, fourth, ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth chromosomes had secondary constriction respectively, and one satellite had been found on the fifteenth chromosome. The cytological results supported the suggestion that C. azalea was primitive species in Sect . Camellia of the genus Camellia. A clue on selecting parents was also proposed due to the chromosome numbers and the position in Sect. Camellia.     

濒危植物杜鹃红山茶的细胞学研究

报道了杜鹃红山茶(Camellia azalea)的细胞学资料。其间期核为球形前染色体型,有丝分裂前期染色体为中间型。核型公式为2n=2x=30=28m(1SAT) 2sm,核型类型属于Stebbins的1B型。第3、4、9、10、11、12条染色体的长臂上具有次缢痕,第15条染色体的短臂上具随体。细胞学证据支持杜鹃红山茶在山茶组中较为原始的推断,并为人工杂交育种时亲本的选择提出了一些建议。     

沙冬青属的细胞学研究

沙冬青属(Ammopiptanthus)植物仅两个种,即蒙古沙冬青(A.mongolicus)和新疆沙冬青(A.nanus),为第三纪残遗种,是中亚荒漠唯一的常绿阔叶植物,因珍稀,临危而被列为国家重点保护植物”。国内外对该属两个种的染色体数目的记载存在着差异。本文对沙冬青属两种植物的染色体数目和核型进行了分析研究,旨在为探讨该属植物的发生和系统发育,以及开展植物多样性保护和合理开发利用积累资料。     

长柄山蚂蝗属三个种的核型分析及山蚂蝗属两个种的染色体数

长柄山蚂蝗属Podocarpium(Benth.)Yang et Huang属蝶形花科,间断分布于东亚和中北美洲,广布种分布到非洲和大洋洲。北美有4种,亚洲约有14种.我国约有该属植物11种,以西南和长江以南地区分布种类最多。国外已有人做过本属一半以上的种的染色体记数和核型。本文对本属的三个种.长柄山蚂蝗P.podocarpum(DC.)Yang et Huang,大苞长柄山蚂蝗P.williamsii(Pamp.)Yang et Huang和云南长柄山吗蝗P.du-clouxii(Pamp.)Yang et Huang进行了染色体的记数和核型描述,其中后两个种的工作属于首次。此外,本文还首次报道了山蚂蝗属两个种:Des-modium caudatum(Thunb.)DC.和D.yunnanense Franch.的染色体数目。     

13种21居群葱属植物的细胞分类学研究

采用常规压片法,对13种（含1变种）21居群葱属（Allium L.）植物进行了细胞分类学研究。结果表明：所研究类群的染色体基数为7、8和11,核型的类型为2A、2B和3A型,并且存在2倍体、3倍体和4倍体。主要讨论了葱属根茎组（Sect.Rhizirdium G.Don）部分类群的核型分化和进化机制,高山韭（A.sikkimense Baker）和多星韭（A.wallichii Kunth）的细胞地理学,以及B染色体的多态性及其在生境上的适应意义。最后在本研究的基础上,结合前人的细胞分类学研究结果,对葱属植物的核型进化形成了如下认识：（1）该属植物的原始染色体基数为8,其他基数的类群是由基数为8的类群进化而来的;（2）葱属植物在核型类型的进化上存在两条路线：基数为7的类群核型进化趋势为2A→2B→2C,而基数为8的类群的核型进化趋势为1A→2A→2B→2C;（3）多倍化是葱属植物进化的重要机制之一。     

Studies on the Karyotype and Systematic Position of Larix Mill. (Pinaceae)

The present paper reports the karyotype of Larix potaninii Batal. endemic to China, and discuss classification of Larix and its systematic position in the Pinaceae based on karyotype and other data. The karyotypic formula of the species is K(2n)=24= 12m+ 8sm+4st, which belongs to Stebbins’2A type and the chromosome complement of relative length is 2n=24=4L+8M₂+8M₁+4S. The karyotype of the genus Larix (10 species) is composed of six pairs of longer metacentric chromosomes and six pairs of shorter submetacentric or subtelocentric chromosomes with arm ratio>2. This karyotype is an advanced one. It seems that Sect. Multiserales is more advanced than Sect. Larix. On the basis of the comparison among the karyotypes of pinaceous genera, the author finds that Larix and Pseudotsuga are much more closely related to each other than any of them to the others. Therefore, it may be more appropriate to group these two genera into Subfamily Laricoideae, which is a more advanced one. The conclusion is also supported by the data from morphology, anatomy, palynology,biochemistry, palaeobotany and so on.     

Karyotype of Four Species in Buddleja ( Loganiaceae) *

The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of the 4 species in genus Buddleja were reported. The karyotype formulas are 2n= 2x= 38= 22m+ 16sm ( B1 yunnanensis) , 2n= 2x= 38= 26m+ 10sm+ 2st ( B1 crispa) , 2n= 2x= 38= 20m+ 16sm + 2st ( B1 off icinalis ) , and 2n= 2x= 38= 20m+ 16sm+ 2st ( B1japonica) . Karyotype of B1japonica belongs to Stebbins. s 2B type and other 3 species belong to Stebbins. s 2A type. Based on the cytological data ( karyotypes and the recorded chromosome numbers) and the species morphologies, the evolution trend of the two series in Sect1Neemda was briefly discussed.     

横断山区伞形科4种7个居群植物的核型研究

对横断山区伞形科棱子芹属2种植物(松潘棱子芹Pleurospermum franchetianumHemsl.和西藏棱子芹Pleurospermum hookeriC.B.Clarke var.thomsoniiC.B.Clarke)和茴芹属2种植物(异叶茴芹Pimpinella diversi-foliaDC.和锐叶茴芹Pimpinella argutaDiels)共7个居群进行体细胞染色体数目观察和核型比较分析,结果表明,棱子芹属和茴芹属植物属内种间染色体基数存在差异,其中松潘棱子芹为2n=2x=18=16sm 2st,西藏棱子芹为2n=2x=22=16m 6sm;茴芹属光果组中锐叶茴芹为2n=2x=22=22m,毛果组中异叶茴芹为2n=18=18st或2n=18=2sm 16st.松潘棱子芹、西藏棱子芹、锐叶茴芹的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道,从而为棱子芹属和茴芹属的分类和演化研究提供细胞学依据.     

长苞铁杉的核型分析及其分类学意义

本文首次分析了特产我国的长苞铁杉亚属(Subgen. Paleotsuga)的代表种长苞铁杉Tsuga longibracteata的核型,它全由中部和近中部着丝粒染色体组成,核型公式为K(2n)=24=22m 2sm,属“lA”类型。第12号染色体具“长着丝点区域”。染色体相对长度组成为2n=12M_2 10M_1 2S。作者发现铁杉亚属(Subgen. Tsuga)植物的核型全为“2A”类型。胞核学资料支持对长苞铁杉亚属和铁杉亚属的划分并表明前者(长苞铁杉)较为原始。长苞铁杉应隶于长苞铁杉亚属、长苞铁杉组。     

Karyotype analysis in Brachiaria (Poaceae) species

This is the first karyotype characterization of Brachiaria species. Twelve accessions belonging to five species were analysed. The basic chromosome number was x = 9 and 7, the same reported for the tribe Paniceae. Variations in the chromosome number were observed in B. decumbens (2n = 18; 36) and B. humidicola (2n = 36; 42; 54). Chromosome numbers of 2n = 18 in B. ruziziensis and 2n = 36 in B. brizantha and B. jubata were recorded. Inter- and intraspecific karyotype differentiation of the accessions analysed was facilitated by variations in karyotypic symmetry. The karyotypes were generally considered symmetrical, with a tendency to asymmetry in the direction of the polyploids. It is suggested that addition, deletions and mainly polyploidy have been the most direct causes involved in the chromosome evolution of this genus.     

从细胞学资料看金松属的系统位置

本文比较了金松(属)和杉科其他各属植物的核型,它的染色体数目(2n=20)和基数(x=10)较低,其核型最为对称。细胞学资料支持金松属从杉科分出另立金松科SciadopityaceaeHayata,它的系统位置则很可能比杉科来得原始。这也得到古植物学的支持。     

澳大利亚三种Callitris植物的核型及其系统学意义

对澳大利亚特产的Ｃａｌｌｉｔｒｉｓ属植物Ｃ．ｐｒｅｉｓｓｉｉ,Ｃ．ｖｅｒｒｕｃｏｓａ,Ｃ．ｅｎｄｌｉｃｈｅｒｉ（柏科）的核型进行了分析,后２种的为首次报道。它们的核型公式分别为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２２＝２２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）,２２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）和２２ｍ（６ＳＡＴ）,均属１Ａ核型类型。染色体相对长度组成同是２ｎ＝２２＝１０Ｍ＿２＋１２Ｍ＿１该３种及其他８种Ｃａｌｌｔｒｉｓ属植物一致的核型Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２２ｍ和１Ａ类型的通常被认为是最对称和原始的。因此该属在柏科的系统发育上也许处于相当原始的地位。     

五种珍珠菜的核型研究

本文对５种珍珠菜亚属植物进行了染色体数目及核型研究。其中瓣珍珠菜２ｎ＝２４＝１２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）、黑腺珍珠菜２ｎ＝２２＝２ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ＋１０ｔ、泽珍珠菜２ｎ＝２４＝１４ｍ＋６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｔ和小叶珍珠菜２ｎ＝４８＝３４ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ的染色体数目及核型为首次报道。中国九江产的红根草核型２ｎ＝２４＝２０ｍ＋４ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）与日本产的核型２ｎ＝２４＝１８ｍ（１ＳＡＴ）     

Chromosome number of some South American species ofNothofagus (Fagaceae)

The observed chromosome numbers for four deciduous species of South AmericanNothofagus (Sect.Nothofagus) are 2n=26. This chromosome count is the first report on the South American species of the genus, and is the same number as reported for the New Zealand counterparts of the evergreen sectionCalusparassus. Furthermore, a significant difference between the karyotypes of two subsections within the Sect.Nothofagus has been recognized.     

长毛红山茶和长尾红山茶的核型分析

<正> 长毛红山茶(Camelliav uillosa Chang et S.Y.Liang)和长尾红山茶(C.longicaudata Chang et S.Y.Liang)均为张宏达教授定的新种,分别隶属于山茶属(Camellia)红山茶组(Sect.Camellia)的滇山茶亚组(Subsect.Reficulala)和光果红山茶亚组(Subsect.Lucidissima),前者分布在我国的湖南、广西和贵州,后者分布在广东和广西。 红山茶组共有33个种、1个亚种,7个变种。根据文献资料统计,该组作过染色体计数的有10个种,1个亚种和6个变种,作过核型分析的有4个种、1个亚种和2个变种。本文对该组的长毛红山茶和长尾红山茶的核型作首次报道,并与该组的10个种,1个亚种和6个变种的染色体数目或核型作了比较。     

青藏高原毛茛科3种特有植物核型和进化研究

对青藏高原高山冰缘地区毛茛科３种特有植物的核型进行了分析。它们的核型公式（Ｋ）、染色体相对长度组成（Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．）和核型不对称系数（Ａｓ．Ｋ％）分别为：青藏金莲花Ｔｒｏｌｉｕｓｐｕｍｉｌｕｓｖａｒ．ｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃｕｓ：Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋４Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６３．５７,核型属２Ｂ型;甘青乌头Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃｕｍ为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋８Ｍ１＋４Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６２．５４,２Ｂ型;单花翠雀花Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎｉｕｍｃａｎｄｅｌａｂｒｕｍｖａｒ．ｍｏｎａｎｔｈｕｍ为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋６Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６４．３４,属３Ｂ型。经同相关近缘种核型资料比较,青藏金莲花核型不对称性和进化程度比金莲花Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ低;甘青乌头的核型不对称性和进化程度在其近缘类群（乌头组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ）已报道的种之内最低;单花翠雀花核型不对称性和进化水平比翠雀组（Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎａｓｔｒｕｍ）已报道的展毛翠雀花Ｄ．ｋａｍａｏｅｎｓｅｖａｒ．ｇｌａｂｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ、     

A Study on Dichocarpum (Ranunculaceae)

The genus Dichocarpum was established by W. T. Wang and Hsiao in 1964, who divided the genus into 2 sections: Sect. Dichocarpum including 10 species distributed on the mainland of E. Asia, and Sect. Hutchinsonia including 9 species native to Japan. M. Tamura and L. A. Lauener made a revision of the genus in 1968, who divided the genus into 4 sections, three for the species of the mainland of E. Asia, including 3 series and 10 species, and the other for the species of Japan, including 2 subsections, 3 series and 9 species. In the present paper, the genus is divided into 2 sections and 6 series, including 15 species and 3 varieties, and a putative phylogeny of the genus is proposed. The genus may be close to the genus Asteropyrum, and these two genera are rather specialized in Thalictroides (Ranunculaceae), because they have three very similar characters: the petal with a long claw, the stephanocolpate pollen and the chromosome morphology. The genus has 2n=24, 35(36?), which indicates that its basic number is X=6, and the species on the mainland of E. Asia (Sect. Dichocarpum) may well be paleotetraploids, whereas those in Japan (sect. Hutchinsonia) are paleohexaploids. Most of the advanced species are distributed in Japan and the most primitive ones in China and the Himalayas, the distribution pattern seggests that the Japanese members of this genus might have immigrated from China in the Tertiary, and differentiated and evolved there. The putative phylogeny of the genus is shown in Fig. 2 (at series level)     

毛茛属五种植物的核型

对中国云南毛茛属（Ranunculus）5种植物核型进行研究,结果表明,毛茛组茴茴蒜（Ranunculus chinensis Bunge）和禺毛茛（R．cantoniensis DC．）核型公式为2n=2x=16=6m＋4sm＋6st和2n=4x=32：14m＋6sm＋12st;该组茴茴蒜、禺毛茛和扬子毛茛（R．sieboldii Miq．）的不同居群核型存在自西向东不对称系数渐增大现象。在美丽毛茛组中,深齿毛茛（R．pulchellusvar．stracheyanus Hand．-Mazz．）的中甸居群核型（2n=4x=32=12m＋12sin＋8st）与青海居群核型（2n：4x：32：24m＋8sm）明显不同;毛果高原毛茛（R．tangusticusvar．dasycarpus（Maxim．）L．Liou）染色体数目（2n=40）,核型公式（2n=5x=40=30m＋10sm）和纳帕海毛茛（R．napahaiensis W．T．Wang＆L．Liao）染色体数目（2n=40）,核型公式（2n=5x=40=20m＋16sin＋4st）为首次报道。