Pollen morphology of Lathyrus (Fabaceae) taxa in the Platystylis section from Turkey

In this study, the pollen morphology of 18 wild taxa of Lathyrus L. grown in Turkey: L. pallescens (Bieb.) Koch, L. brachypterus Cel., L. haussknechtii Sirj., L. karsianus P. H. Davis, L. satdaghensis P. H. Davis, L. nivalis Hand.-Mazz, L. atropatanus (Grossh.) Sir., L. armenus (Boiss. and Huet) Sirj., L. cyaneus (Stev.) Koch var. cyaneus, L. cyaneus var. pinnatus?Davis, L. digitatus (Bieb.) Fiori, L. tukhtensis Czecz., L. variabilis (Boiss. and Ky.) Maly, L. spathulatus Cel. L. elongatus (Bornm.) Sirj., L. cilicicus Hayek and Siehe, L. boissieri Sirj., and L. bitlisicus Pe?men was examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains were 3-zonocolporate, of spheroidal-subprolate-prolate (P/E?=?0.957?C1.252) types, and medium in size. Equatorial view: rectangular or elliptical-obtuse-convex, polar view: circular, triangular or quinquangular-obtuse-convex. The smallest pollen grains belonged to L. elongatus (P?=?36.972/E?=?38.636) and the largest to L. cyaneus var. cyaneus (P?=?46.332/E?=?32.864). The ornamentation was perforate-foveolate or slightly reticulate. Some photographs included in this work were taken using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.     

Seed characteristics and testa textures of Pratensis, Orobon, Lathyrus, Orobastrum and Cicercula sections from Lathyrus (Fabaceae) in Turkey

The seed morphologies and testa textures of 23 taxa belonging to the Pratensis, Orobon, Lathyrus, Orobastrum and Cicercula sections of Lathyrus that can widely be found in Turkey were analysed. The findings obtained in this study and previous findings (34 taxa in total) were compared and interpreted at the level of the sections. Morphological properties including seed size, general shape, surface shape, colour, hilum length and width were measured under stereomicroscopy. The seeds were of spheroidal, subprolate and prolate (P/E = 0.90–1.58) types and medium in size. The smallest seeds belonged to Lathyrus inconspicuus var. inconspicuus (P = 2.19 ± 0.25 mm, E = 2.08 ± 0.16 mm) and the largest to L. sativus (P = 5.88 ± 0.74 mm, E = 5.36 ± 0.57 mm). The smallest hilum belonged to L. inconspicuus var. stenophyllus (0.38 ± 0.04 mm) and the largest to L. sylvestris (4.50 ± 0.58 mm). Testa textures such as papillae shape, dense, ribbing and presence or absence of a waxy layer were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, some photographs included in this study were taken via stereomicroscopy and SEM.     

A new species of Lathyrus L. (section Cicercula; Fabaceae) from Turkey

A new species, Lathyrus egirdiricus H.Genc & A.Sahin (section Cicercula; Fabaceae), is described from Turkey, with illustrations and taxonomic comments. Characteristics of the species are compared with those of the related species Lathyrus hirsutus L., L. stenophyllus Boiss. & Heldr., L. sativus L., L. cassius Boiss. and L. gorgoni Parl., from which it differs mainly in the shape, length, width and venation of leaflets, length and width of the stipule, flower colour, legume and style length. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158 , 301–305.     

Pollen morphology of some taxa of Vicia L. subgenus Vicia (Fabaceae) from Turkey

In this study, the pollen morphology of 11 taxa belonging to Atossa (Alef.) Asch. & Graebner, Hypechusa (Alef.) Asch. & Graebner, Peregrinae Kupicha, Wiggersia (Alef.) Maxted, Vicia L. and Narbonensis (Radzhi) Maxted sections of the genus Vicia L. subgenus Vicia (Fabeae, Fabaceae) naturally growing in Turkey has been studied using Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the taxonomic relevance of pollen characters. Twelve morphometric characters are analysed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test for multiple comparisons. Of the taxa studied V. narbonensis var. narbonensis (sect. Narbonensis) has the largest pollen grains (P = 51.98 μm × E = 30.52 μm) and V. lathyroides (sect. Wiggersia) has the smallest pollen grains (P = 27.71 μm × E = 20.14 μm). The pollen grains are subprolate to perprolate (P/E = 1.16–2.11), but the prolate shape occurs in the majority of the taxa. The regular pollen grains of all taxa are trizonocolporate, isopolar, and released in monads. Ornamentation of the mesocolpium is psilate-perforate in V. lathyroides (sect. Wiggersia), reticulate-rugulate in V. narbonensis var. narbonensis (sect. Narbonensis), (micro)reticulate in V. sericocarpa var. sericocarpa (sect. Hypechusa), V. sativa subsp. sativa (sect. Vicia) and V. grandiflora var. grandiflora (sect. Vicia), and reticulate-perforate in the remaining taxa. The apocolpium and colpus area are psilate or perforate in all taxa except V. sericocarpa var. sericocarpa (sect. Hypechusa) and V. sativa subsp. sativa (sect. Vicia), which exhibit the obscurely reticulate-perforate pattern. Several palynological features have taxonomic importance in sectional level: polar axis, equatorial diameter, pollen shape (P/E ratio), colpus length, colpus width, size of pori, porus length/width ratio, lumina diameter, muri thickness and ornamentation. The results also indicate that pollen characters can be useful in distinguishing the examined taxa.     

Karyological notes on another eight species of Achillea (Asteraceae) from Turkey

The chromosome number and morphology in eight species of the sections Ptarmica (Mill.) W. D. J. Koch, Anthemoideae (DC.) Heimerl, Arthrolepis Boiss., Santolinoideae (DC.) Heimerl and Achillea of the genus Achillea L. (Asteraceae) were investigated using karyological techniques. Sample plants and seeds of A. biserrata M. Bieb., A. fraasii var. troiana Aschers. & Heimerl, A. multifida (DC.) Boiss., A. brachyphylla Boiss. & Hausskn., A. pseudaleppica Hub.-Mor., A. cretica L., A. latiloba Ledeb. ex Nordm., and A. kotschyi Boiss. subsp. kotschyi) were collected from natural habitats in 2003 and 2004. The chromosome number found in seven species was 2n = 18, while only A. kotschyi had 2n = 36. All chromosomes had median point (M), median region (m), and submedian (sm) centromers. In addition, only A. biserrata species had one subterminal (st) chromosome. An increase in asymmetry was not observed in the karyotypes of the species studied. None of the studied species had any B chromosomes.     

The in vivo anthelmintic efficacy of some Verbascum species growing in Turkey

Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) species are used for desiccating wounds and as a fish poison in Anatolia as well as for diarrhea and dysentery of animals in several countries. To further evaluate their activity, methanolic extracts obtained from 13 Verbascum species growing in Turkey, including V. chionophyllum Hub.-Mor., V. cilicicum Boiss., V. dudleyanum (Hub.-Mor.) Hub.-Mor., V. lasianthum Boiss., V. latisepalum Hub.-Mor., V. mucronatum Lam., V. olympicum Boiss., V. pterocalycinum var. mutense Hub.-Mor., V. pycnostachyum Boiss. & Heldr., V. salviifolium Boiss., V. splendidum Boiss., V. stachydifolium Boiss. & Heldr. and V. uschackense (Murb.) Hub.-Mor. were evaluated for their in vivo anthelmintic activity. The extracts from V. lasianthum, V. latisepalum, V. mucronatum and V. salviifolum showed the highest inhibitory rates against Aspiculuris tetraptera at 100 mg/kg in mice. Additionally, extracts from V. dudleyanum and V. pterocalycinum var. mutense were found generally highly effective. The remaining species did not show any activity. Results of the present study support the utilization of these plant species employed in Turkish folk medicine.     

Phytogeographical significance of Wadi Wateer (Sinai), Egypt, with special reference to Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob.

The botanical survey of Wadi Wateer, located in the southeastern Sinai, revealed the presence of a plant that provides an important new record to the Flora of Egypt: Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Theob. This plant has not been recorded previously as existing in its wild form in the Flora of Egypt. The plant cover in Wadi Wateer is dominated by plant taxa belonging to the Saharo-Sindian phytogeographical element. However, many plants in the wadi have been attributed to the Sudanian chorotype, such as Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne subsp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan, Chrozophora brocchiana Vis., Lycium shawii Roem & Schult., Moricandia sinaica (Boiss.) Boiss., Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Theob. and Cocculus pendulus (J.R. & G. Forst.) Diels. The presence of Sudanian chorotype plant taxa [including the newly recorded Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Theob.] provides evidence that Wadi Wateer and Aqaba Gulf functioned as migratory tracks for these African plants, assisting their penetration into the Saharo-Sindian, Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian phytogeographical regions in the Sinai and Asia. This study suggests that Wadi Wateer should be declared a protected area for its habitat and climatic diversity as well as for its phytogeographical significance.     

Karyotype analysis of some Minuartia L. (Caryophyllaceae) taxa

Karyotypic characters, mitotic metaphase chromosomes, monoploid idiograms and karyograms of Minuartia anatolica (Boiss.) Woronow var. phrygia (Bornm.) McNeill, Minuartia anatolica (Boiss.) Woronow var. scleranthoides (Boiss. & Noe) McNeill, Minuartia corymbulosa (Boiss. & Balansa) McNeill var. gypsophilloides McNeill and Minuartia aksoyi M.Koç & Hamzao?lu were investigated for the first time. Analysis of somatic metaphases showed that the chromosome numbers and the formulas of these taxa were 2n = 24 = 14m + 6sm + 4st for Minuartia anatolica var. phrygia, 2n = 14 = 6m + 8sm for Minuartia anatolica var. scleranthoides, 2n = 14 = 6m + 4sm + 4st for Minuartia corymbulosa var. gypsophilloides and 2n = 30 = 14m + 10sm + 6st for Minuartia aksoyi. No satellites were observed in the karyotypes of these taxa. Karyotype asymmetry was estimated by many different methods, namely the Stebbins classification, the karyotype asymmetry index (As K %), the total form percent (TF %), the Rec and Syi indices, the intrachromosomal asymmetry index (A1) and interchromosomal asymmetry index (A2), the dispersion index (DI), the degree of asymmetry of karyotype (A index) and the asymmetry index (AI).     

Karyological studies on eight species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Onobrychis</Emphasis> genus in Turkey

This study used karyological techniques to determine the chromosome numbers and morphology of eight species of Onobrychis L. (O. caput-galli (L.) Lam, O. aequidentata (Sibth. & Sm.) d’ Urv, O. fallax Freyn & Sint. var. fallax, O. lasiostachya Boiss, O. viciifolia Scop., O. oxyodonta Boiss. subsp. armena (Bois. & Huet) Aktoklu, O. hypargyrea Boiss. and O. cappadocica Boiss.). The results of this study determined the chromosome numbers of O. cappadocica as 2n = 16; O. viciifolia as 2n = 28 and the other species as 2n = 14 The karyotypes of species consisted of median-centromeric (m) or submedian-centromeric (sm) chromosomes. However, O. oxyodonta Boiss. subsp. armena (Bois. & Huet) Aktoklu was found to have only the median-centromeric (m) chromosomes. According to the results of the present study, of the eight Onobrychis taxa, only O. hypargyrea has a pair of satellite chromosomes (sat-chromosome). Furthermore, this study detected karyotype asymmetry.     

Pollen morphology of Carthamus L. species in Anatolian flora

In flora of Turkey, there are six species of Carthamus L: Carthamus dentatus (Forssk.) Vahl., C. glaucus M. Bieb. subsp. glaucus, C. lanatus L., C. tenuis (Boiss. & Blanche) Bornm., C. persicus Desf. ex Willd. and C. tinctorius L. Within these species, C. tinctorius L. is an alien species for the Turkish flora. The pollen grains belonging to six taxa collected from different locations of Anatolia and examined both under light microscope (LM) and under scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result of these examinations and measurements, pollen grains of taxa are radially symmetrical, isopolar, oblate-spheroid, spheroid, tricolporate rarely tetracolporate, echinate. There are high similarities among taxa but some differences are recorded in size and spin length. According to cluster analyses of Carthamus species’ pollens, C. glaucus and C. tenuis have the most similar pollens. C. dentatus grouped with these two. C. persicus placed as the closest relative of C. tinctorius in the dendrogram.     

An investigation of dye plants and their colourant substances in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey

Plants traditionally used to dye carpets and woven matting in the eastern Mediterranean region were investigated. The survey was carried out in Kadirli, Feke, Aladağ, the surrounding villages of Adana, and in Osmaniye (Turkey). According to the survey results, 37 species of plants belonging to 29 families were used in natural dye production. The total dye contents of collected plants ranged from 1.5% to 10.0%. Mordants and dyes obtained from some of these plants were used to treat wool yarn and the yarn's dyed properties were tested. Some of the plants were also examined in terms of cultivation and fifteen were transferred to a Dye Plants Collection Garden. They were Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. ssp. antitaurica Yalt., Arctium minus ssp. pubens (Bab.) Arènes, Chrysanthemum segetum L., Cistus creticus L., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Datisca cannabina L., Galium verum ssp. glabrescens Ehrend., Isatis tinctoria ssp. tomentella (Boiss. & Balansa) P.H.Davis, Melissa officinalis ssp. inodora Bornm., Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. ssp. longifolia , Reseda lutea var. lutea L., Rhamnus oleoides ssp. graecus (Boiss. & Reut.) Holmboe, Rhus coriaria L., Rubia tinctorum L., and Rumex patientia L.  © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 146 , 71–77.     

1063. Lathyrus oleraceus Lam.: Leguminosae

A wild relative of the garden pea, formerly called Pisum sativum L., but now included in the genus Lathyrus, is illustrated, and its relationship to cultivated peas is discussed. Recent studies of the DNA of Pisum and Lathyrus have led to the change of name for this common species.     

Pollen morphology of some endemic Turkish Centaurea L. (Asteraceae, section Phaloletis) and their taxonomic value

In this study, the detailed pollen morphological structures of some endemic Turkish species of Centaurea amaena Boiss., C. antalyense H. Duman & A. Duran, C. aphrodisea Boiss., C. hierapolitana Boiss., C. luschaniana Heimerl, C. lycia Boiss., C. tossiensis Freyn. Et Sint., and C. wagenitzii Hub.-Mor. (Asteraceae, section Phaloletis) were studied under light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the first time. LM and SEM investigations showed that the pollen grains of eight taxa are more or less spheroidal-subprolate, the amb triangular and tricolporate. The exine sculpture is tectate, microechinate-scabrate in the pollen of Centaurea taxa. Spinules are less dense in Centaurea amaena, C. antalyense, C. hierapolitana, and C. lycia, but they are more dense in C. aphrodisea, C. luschaniana, C. tossiensis, and C. wagenitzii. Spinule dimensions are different from each other. The exine has one layer of columellae beneath the spines. We determined all taxa that have the Helianthoid type. Exine sctructure and sculpture as well as spine density and dimensions in Asteraceae are the most reliable characteristics for discriminating taxa.     

Further notes on European taxa of the lichen genus Leptogium,with emphasis on the small species

Abstract:Leptogium imbricatum P.M. Jørg. sp. nov. and L. intermedium (Arnold) Arnold are established as the correct names for two fairly widespread, small species: L. imbricatum has an arctic-alpine distribution. Leptogium intermedium was previously mostly named L. minutissimum (Flörke) Fr., the type of which is L. subtile (Schrader) Torss., a distinct species usually growing on rotting wood or debris. Leptogium magnussonii Degel. & P.M. Jørg, mainly from maritime rock outcrops in Norway and Sweden, is described as new. The species complexes of L. plicatile (Ach.) Leighton and L. schraderi (Bernh.) Nyl. are discussed. The differences between L. byssinum (Hoffm.) Nyl. and L. biatorinum (Nyl.) Leighton are given, and L. aquale (Arnold) P.M. Jørg. comb. nov., a taxon related to the latter, is considered to be a distinct species growing in mountain brooks in Central Europe. Leptogium rivale Tuck. is recorded as new to Europe, from Romania. Leptogium bellopratense Hy is shown to be a synonym of L. brebissonii Mont. New records for L. coralloideum (Meyen & Flotow) Vainio, L. massiliense Nyl and L. rivulare (Ach.) Mont. are given. A preliminary key to the small European species (north of the Alps) is appended. The following names have been lecto- or neotypified: Collema byssinum Hoffm., Collema pulvinatum Hoffm., Leptogium bellopratense Hy., Leptogium crenulatum Watson, Leptogium massiliense Nyl., Leptogium minutissimum var. intermedium Arnold, Leptogium minutissimum f. plumbeum Zwackh ex Arnold, Leptogium pusillum var. aquale Arnold, Leptogium rivulare var. crenatulum Nyl., Leptogium scotinum var. crenatum Nyl., Lichen byssinus Hoffm., Lichen minutissimus Flörke, Lichen schraderi Bemh., Lichen subtilis Schrader and Parmelia scotina var. lophaea Ach.     

Typification of five names in Paracaryum (DC.) Boiss. (Boraginaceae)

Five names in the genus Paracaryum (DC.) Boiss. are lectotypified here: P. calycinum Boiss. & Bal. (endemic to Turkey), P. lithospermifolium (Lam.) Grande subsp. cariense (Boiss.) R. Mill var. cariense, P. kurdistanicum (Brand) R. Mill (endemic to Turkey), P. sintenisii Hausskn. ex Bornm., and P. strictum (C. Koch) Boiss.     

Direct Organogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Preconditioned Tissue Cultures of Lathyrus cicera L., L. ochrus (L.)DC. and L. sativus L.

This study demonstrates the importance of preconditioning ofsource tissue in regeneration of multiple shoot buds from severalspecies of Lathyrus. Preconditioned multiple shoots of Lathyruscicera L., L. ochrus (L.) DC. and L. sativus L. were obtainedby germinating seeds on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing50 µM N⁵-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for 2 to 3 weeks. Multipleshoot bud formation occurred when epicotyl explants of preconditionedshoots were cultured on MS medium containing 5–50 µMBAP. No shoot regeneration was observed from epicotyl explantswhich were obtained from non-preconditioned shoots. Shoot budswere formed directly on explants without an intervening callusphase after 2 to 3 weeks of culture. Regenerated shoot budsformed healthy shoots which developed prolific and strong rootswhen transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.5 µMnaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Lathyrus cicera L., L. ochrus (L.) DC., Ochrus Vetch, L. sativus L., Lathyrus pea, de novo differentiation, epicotyl, preconditioning with BAP     

Beiträge zur Nomenklatur der Gattung Lathyrus L

In connection with a taxonomic study in a group of Eurasiatic species of the genus Lathyrus L. (Subgen. Orobus (L.) Baker) some problems of nomenclature and new combinations are reported. For instance, the correct name for the Lathyrus montanus Bernh. ist the new combination Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler. Lathyrus friedrichsthalii (Griseb.) Maly is a subspecies of Lathyrus alpestris (Waldst. et Kit.) Kit.     

631. LATHYRUS NEUROLOBUS

Summary Lathyrus neurolobus Boiss. & Heldr., a small perennial Lathyrus species endemic to western Crete, is described and illustrated.     

High-frequency Organogenesis from Direct Seed Culture in Lathyrus

Culture conditions were developed for inducing a high frequencyof direct shoot morphogenesis and whole plant regeneration incultures of intact seedlings of Lathyrus cicera L., L. ochrus(L.) DC., L. sativus L., and L. tingitanus L. The procedureof shoot regeneration involved culturing of whole, mature seedson MS medium containing cytokinins, or thidiazuron (TDZ), asubstituted phenylurea with cytokinin-like activity. Differentiationof shoots occurred without an intervening callus phase fromthe cotyledonary node and surrounding tissues of the intactseedlings developed from seeds germinated on media containingkinetin, BAP or TDZ. An average of 19·0, 15·8,28·8 and 43·0 shoots were regenerated at optimalconcentrations of 50·0, 50·0 and 80·0 µMBAP in L. cicera, L. tingitanus, L. ochrus and L. sativus, respectively.TDZ enhanced the shoot formation at the concentration of 10µM to an average of 33·1 and 33·7 shootsper seedling in L. cicera and L. tingitanus and at 50 µM,to 57·4 shoots per seedling in L. sativus. Regeneratedshoots developed roots on a modified MS medium containing 2·5µM NAA and the surviving plantlets were transferred tosoil. Histological studies revealed de novo formation of shoot budsfrom the epidermal or subepidermal cells of the basal and nodalregion of multiple epicotyls. Several meristematic centres consistingof actively-dividing cells developed in the subepidermal celllayer of the nodal tissue and adjacent areas within 7 d of seedculture on a cytokinin- or TDZ-supplemented medium. The patternof the development of these meristematic centres and shoot developmentwas similar in all four species.Copyright 1993, 1999 AcademicPress Seed culture, direct shoot morphogenesis, Lathyrus, thidiazuron, grass pea, vetch ochrus