山黄连的生长习性及开发价值

山黄连是一种野生中药材。分布比较广 ,是很好的镇痛药 ,有多项药用价值和高效杀虫、杀菌功能。具备研制、开发有价值的人药、兽药及农用杀虫、杀菌剂的潜力。山黄连栽培方法简单 ,产量高 ,可采收多年 ,前景看好。现将它介绍如下 ,以飨读者。1　形态特征山黄连Ｃｈｅｌｉｄｏｎ     

清新悦目的天鹅绒竹芋和红背竹芋

竹芋科观叶植物是十分走俏的居室绿饰,其中天鹅绒竹芋和红背竹芋即是近年颇受青睐的观叶佳品。 天鹅绒竹芋(Calathea zebri-na),别名斑马竹芋、斑叶竹芋,为竹芋科肖竹芋属多年生常绿草本植物,是竹芋科中的大叶种之一。株高约50厘米,植株具地下茎。叶片长椭圆形,长30—60厘米,宽10—20厘米。     

孔雀竹芋的组织培养

以孔雀竹芋的蘖芽为材料进行组织培养,获得组培苗,试验表明:蘖芽生长的合适培养基为MS BA3mg/L NAA0.3mg/L,芽增殖培养基为MS BA5mg/L NAA0.3mg/L,生根培养基为MS NAA l.5mg/L。     

竹芋科——用叶片写诗的家族

竹竽科是被子植物中叶最为绚丽多彩的家族之一。如果你踏上南美大陆,必定会将大自然精雕细镂的它铭刻在心。叶片上升起“彩虹”在巴西,有一种矮小却很美丽的植物——彩虹肖竹竽（Ｃａｌａｔｈｅａｒｏｓｅｏ－ｐｉｃｔａ）,叶卵圆形,叶面深绿色,中脉红色,叶面近边缘...     

美丽竹芋的组织培养

1　植物名称　美丽竹芋 (Ｃａｌａｔｈｅａｏｒｎａｔａｃｖ .ｒｏｓｅｏ ｌｉｎｅａｔａ)。2　材料类别　地下芽。3　培养条件　诱芽培养基 :( 1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ;( 2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 5 ＩＡＡ0 .2 ;( 3)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 5 ＩＡＡ 1 ;( 4 )ＭＳ 6 Ｂ     

赏叶初识竹芋科

近年的花卉市场真是琳琅满目,美不胜收,尤其是观叶植物,格外火暴,让人大开眼界。在形形色色的观叶盆花中,一些竹芋科的种类尤为可人。由于这一科在以往的植物分类学教学中没有涉及,因此引起了我的兴趣。 比较悟出科特征 竹芋科是单子叶植物中的科之一。有30属400种以上,皆为多年生草本,主要分布在南美     

怎样养好孔雀竹芋

孔雀竹芋(Calathea makoyana)又名蓝花焦,原产巴西,是竹芋科肖竹芋属的多年生常绿草本植物,它是一种美丽的观叶盆裁植物,是装饰花卉中的佼佼者,适合于客厅、居室、办公室以及会议室等场所摆放。     

唇凤梨的生长习性及栽培管理

唇凤梨以其叶色鲜艳、观赏期持久以及栽培养护容易已成为近年来风靡市场的时尚花卉。本文介绍唇凤梨的形态特征、生长习性以及在厦门地区的栽培养护管理方法。     

鹤望兰催芽与幼苗生长习性的研究

用９５％Ｈ２ＳＯ４浸鹤望兰种子３－５ｍｉｎ,能有效地除去种皮表层蜡质,疏松种皮,不损伤种子,缩短萌芽时间,１Ｎ ＮａＯＨ处理效果次之。９５％乙醇洗脱无明显效果。幼苗移栽前适当处理能有效地掐御病害,提高幼苗成活率。栽培基质以透水保湿多肥的酸性土最好。     

银叶竹芋的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称银叶竹芋(Ctenanthe setosa‘Greystar’)。2材料类别当年生茎节。3培养条件芽诱导培养基:(1)MS+BA1mg·L-1(单位下同)+NAA0.1;(2)继代增殖培养基MS+BA6+NAA0.05;(3)生根培养基MS+NAA0.5。以上培养基均附加3%蔗糖(生根培养基中为2%)、0.6%琼脂。pH5.8,培养温度(26±1)℃,每天光照12h,光强40μmol·m-2·s-1。4生长与分化情况4.1无菌材料的获得取当年生茎节,除去根状物,自来水冲洗表面20min。将茎节切成约2cm的小段,每段一芽,在超净工作台上,用75%的酒精浸泡30s,再置于0.1%升汞溶液(加1～2滴吐温20)中消毒10min,然后用无…     

Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea), food,feed, fuel,and fiber resource

Arrowroot biomass and processing residues were evaluated as as a feed, fuel and fiber resource. Ensiled aerial biomass and coarse and fine arrowroot processing residues contained 10.8–21.1% crude protein; 11.1–30.2% crude fiber; 3.8–17.0% ash; and an in vitro dry matter digestibility of 38.5–60.3%. Theoretical yields of 0.27 and 1.60 l of methane at standard temperature and pressure per liter of rhizome wash water and starch-settling water were calculated, respectively. Fuel alcohol production potential from yeast-supplemented aerial biomass and coarse residue were identified. Laboratory pulping of coarse residue was performed. The coarse residue has qualities that may be suited to tear-resistant specialty grade papers, such as wrapping paper and bags. The utilization of arrowroot by-products may lead to increased cultivation of this species as a food, feed, fuel and fiber resource. By-product utilization will also reduce environmental pollution presently resulting from direct discharge of unused by-products.     

Delayed Germination in Reed Canary-Grass Phalaris arundinacea L.

Dormancy in reed canary-grass can be overcome by removing thepalea from the caryopsis, by scarifying the seed, or by prickingthe palea with a pin. The dormancy appears to be due to a water-solubleinhibitor which is present either in the caryopsis or the embryo. There is apparently an interaction between the inhibitor andoxygen, as the effect of the inhibitor passes off quickly underconditions of good aeration. It is possible that free oxygenmay be required to act as hydrogen acceptor in an aerobic dehydrasesystem. Inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract is only shownin the light; when caryopses are germinated in aqueous extractof caryopses in darkness no inhibition of germination is found.The inhibitor has no effect on the germination of lettuce seed. These feature are discussed in relation to other work on seeddormancy and the means of improving germination in the field.     

Development of a Simple PCR-based Marker for the Determination of Growth Habit in Vicia faba L. using a Candidate Gene Approach

We have developed the first molecular marker suitable for the selection of determinate growth habit in faba bean using the candidate gene approach. We obtained the sequences of TFL1/CEN like genes from public databases and designed primers on conserved domains. We used three cultivars with determinate growth habit and four accessions (two cultivars and two lines) with indeterminate growth habit. All these genotypes are used in our faba bean breeding program. A single monomorphic PCR fragment was obtained. A set of restriction enzymes was assayed. The enzyme Hind1II produced a clear polymorphism between determinate and indeterminate genotypes. This new cleaved amplified polymorphism (CAP) marker was tested using an F₂ population contrasting for growth habit derived from the cross ‘Verde Bonita’ × 2N52. This marker showed 100% efficiency in discriminating both types of genotypes. Moreover, the codominancy of this marker allows the detection of heterozygous individuals facilitating the breeding process when pyramiding different genes. The perfect cosegregation of the marker with the trait indicates that an orthologue of TFL1/CEN controls the growth habit in faba bean. This marker has been tested in all the genotypes used in our faba bean breeding program as donors of the determinate growth habit. Therefore, it is expected to work well in all the crosses performed with these parental lines as happens in the F₂ tested. The CAPS marker developed in this work will be useful for Marker Assisted Selection programs. In addition, this marker is useful for quality control to determinate the percentage of outsider seeds in commercial seed lots. Moreover, it is a valuable tool to breeders when submitting new faba bean varieties for registration since the method allows guaranteeing that outsider plants remains under the requested limit for registration.     

Successful crosses between Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Dactylis glomerata L.

Summary Five F₁ plants have been obtained after extensive crossing between different ecotypes or varieties of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Dactylis glomerata L. The success did not appear to depend on specific treatments (spraying with -aminocaproic acid or gibberellic acid or pre-pollination with killed pollen from the seed parent), but the crossability is limited to exceptional plants.F₁ hybrids showed characteristics of both the parents. In four hybrids various developmental disturbances were observed (low viability, aneusomaty, absence of development of inflorescences). Only one hybrid consistently showed 2n=35 chromosomes, good viability and growth, however, it was sterile. After clonal propagation, attempts for polyploidization were started.     

Rhizome Growth and Clone Development in Anemone nemorosa L.

Studies of natural populations indicate that clones grow radially,soon developing a hollow centre which may be invaded by newgenotypes. In the populations studied, individual rhizomes elongate byan average of 2.5 cm per year. Growth is sympodial, the terminalbud forming an aerial shoot and further elongation occurringfrom an axillary bud. The oldest rhizome segment found was 7 years with most rhizomesbeing 3 or 4 years old. Because there is no apparent senescence,individual clones may persist for very long periods, possiblyhundreds of years. A computer model of rhizome growth was used to postulate theextent of intermixing of old clones. It indicated that old clonesbecome very fragmentary and totally inmixed with their neighbours,one ‘clump’ often representing several clones. To supplement the model, plants from a woodland with an unbrokencarpet of Anemone nemorosa were collected, 27 morphologicalcharacters measured and the data analysed using principal componentsanalysis and cluster analysis. These supported the hypothesisthat old clones are large and fragmentary with complete intermixing. The possible role of soil factors in influencing rhizome extensionis discussed and the strategy of A.nemorosa is compared withthose of its close associates in the pre-vernal woodland herblayer. Anemone nemorosa L., wood anemone, rhizome growth, clone development, computer model, vegetative reproduction     

Relationships between canopy complexity and germination microsites for Phalaris arundinacea L.

Microsites that prevent seed germination are critical for slowing the invasion of native plant communities by aggressive, clonal species. A suitable model for study is the clonal grass, Phalaris arundinacea, which reproduces prolifically from seed and is spreading into wetlands across temperate North America. Knowing that light conditions control its seed germination in the laboratory and that light varies with canopy complexity in a Wisconsin fen, we tested multiple attributes of microsites under spatially and temporally dynamic canopies (namely, presence/absence of a matrix species, number of species in the canopy, plus indirect effects of three soil water levels) for their control of germination in microcosms. Our 6-species canopies + the matrix of Glyceria striata had the densest cover and reduced P. arundinacea germination to 1.9%, compared to 7.3% for 1-species canopies + the matrix. After selectively removing canopy components, germination increased to 36.1% for 6-species and 33.0% for 1-species canopies. Comparing canopies with each of the six species, germination declined in relation to increasing leaf width. Given moist soil, P. arundinacea germination microsites are determined by canopy complexity, which affects light penetration, which in turn determines germination rate.     

普通夜鹰的繁殖习性及雏鸟的生长发育

2007年5～6月,对1窝普通夜鹰的繁殖习性及雏鸟的生长发育进行了观察.普通夜鹰育雏期约为18 d.雌、雄性都参与孵卵和育雏.育雏期每天有3个喂食高峰期,分别是晚上20:00～22:00、凌晨0:00~2:00、早上4:00~6:00.育雏过程中,亲鸟的领域性弱,护雏性强.初级飞羽在雏鸟出壳6 d后长出,但生长速度最快.