单份血清肥达凝集试验在甲型副伤寒诊断中的价值

目的：评价疑似甲型副伤寒病例单份血清肥达凝集试验(WAT)的诊断价值。方法：以甲型副伤寒沙门菌血培养阳性和／或血清鞭毛特异性抗原阳性的甲型副伤寒病例(n=76)、血培养阴性和／或血清抗原阴性的对照发热病人(n=92)和健康饮食从业人员(n=63)为检测对象,用WAT测定以上三种人群血清甲型副伤寒沙门菌O、H、A抗体,分析评价不同O、H、A判断值诊断甲型副伤寒的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阳性似然比等指标。结果：获得三种人群O、H、A凝集价的分布及其几何平均滴度,20％对照发热病人O抗体效价≥160,而健康从业人员仅有3．2％的O抗体效价≥160,对照发热病人和健康人相应H抗体效价分别占17％和4．8％,A抗体效价分别占16％和1．6％。53％血培养阳性和血清鞭毛抗原阳性甲型副份寒病例O抗体效价≥160,相应H、A抗体效价分别占41％和51％。用敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阳性似然比等指标评价单份血清WAT诊断甲型副伤寒的价值,提出O或H或A≥160和O≥160或A≥80可作为WAT辅助诊断甲型副伤寒的标准。结论：单份血清WAT有助于甲型副伤寒的诊断,该试验对血培养阴性的临床疑似甲型副伤寒病例及其高危人群中甲型副伤寒病例的诊断有实用意义。     

杀菌试验在伤寒早期诊断中的应用价值

本文用微量杀菌试验测定伤寒患者血清中杀菌抗体,作为伤寒早期诊断依据。检测早期伤寒患者21例,阳性20例。19例非伤寒发热病人,20例既往伤寒患者,153例正常人群对照,杀菌试验均为阴性。本试验可比肥达氏反应早3—10天出现阳性反应,并将伤寒早期诊断阳性率33.33%提高到95.24%。     

伤寒沙门菌与甲、乙、丙副伤寒沙门菌质控血清的制备

应用免疫学原理,将伤寒沙门菌O901、H901和甲、乙、丙型副伤寒沙门菌分别制成全菌体抗原,免疫实验兔获取免疫血清。依据伤寒沙门菌和副伤寒沙门菌的抗原成分的异同性,选择适当的吸收菌除去免疫血清中的交叉反应抗体和类属凝集素,而保留其特异性的抗体。通过对诊断菌液的验证试验,证实吸收充分的免疫血清具有质控血清的特性。具备可靠性能的质控血清,适用于伤寒沙门菌与副伤寒沙门菌的菌种检定及其效价检测;亦有利于肥达氏诊断菌液的质量控制。     

新生溶血病患儿红细胞上致敏抗体对Rh 血型检测的影响

目的:探讨新生溶血病患儿红细胞致敏抗体对其Rh血型鉴定的影响。方法:采用抗球蛋白法、盐水法、微柱凝胶法(Rh血型测定型)、凝聚胺法和抗血清微柱凝胶法(Ig G型)五种方法对近三年来我院收集的163例新生溶血病患儿红细胞进行Rh血型检测,对五种检测结果不一致的患儿红细胞进行0.2 M 2-巯基乙醇抗体放散,比较放散后五种方法检测结果并验证其准确性。结果:29例直接抗体试验阳性患儿的五种Rh血型检测结果不一致,经0.2 M 2-巯基乙醇抗体放散后检测结果均一致。Rh血型准确性验证表明,红细胞放散测定的Rh血型完全符合临床现象。结论:患儿红细胞的致敏抗体达一定数量后,会影响抗球蛋白法、盐水法、微柱凝胶法(Rh血型测定型)、凝聚胺法和抗血清微柱凝胶法(Ig G型)对Rh血型鉴定,0.2M 2-巯基乙醇抗体放散法是一种正确鉴定新生儿Rh血型的简单可行的方法。     

Bioxun微柱凝胶筛查红细胞不规则抗体的研究

目的:探讨Bioxun微柱凝胶法(Bioxun Micro-column Gel anti-globulin Test,BMGT)筛查红细胞不规则抗体的敏感性和特异性。方法:使用盐水介质法(Saline Media Test,SMT)、传统抗人球法(Traditional anti-Globulin Test,TGT)、达亚美凝胶法(DiamedMicro-column Gel Test,DMGT)和Bioxun微柱凝胶法分别检测红细胞不规则抗体,对方法学灵敏度和特异性进行观察比较。结果:Bioxun微柱凝胶法与达亚美凝胶法的结果无显著差异(P>0.05),二者的敏感度和特异性超过盐水介质法和传统抗人球法(P<0.05)。结论:Bioxun微柱凝胶法操作快捷,敏感度高,适宜在临床输血中推广应用。     

实时荧光核酸恒温扩增技术和液体培养法检测解脲脲原体的比较

目的:对实时荧光核酸恒温扩增技术(SAT)和液体培养法检测解脲脲体(UU)的结果进行评估,以选择更为快速、准确、实用的临床检测方法.方法:共采集180例疑似泌尿生殖道感染患者的尿液及2份拭子样本,一份拭子样本用液体培养,另一份拭子和尿液样本用 SAT 检测.结果:液体培养和尿液 SAT 检测阳性率均为61.1%,拭子SAT 检测阳性率为63.3%,其中16例拭子培养和拭子 SAT 检测结果不一致,18例拭子培养和尿液 SAT 结果不一致,但与拭子培养比较,拭子和尿液 SAT 结果均无统计学意义(P>0.05,kappa>0.75).结论:SAT 检测 UU 可以尿液为样本,检测效能与液体培养和拭子 SAT 基本相当,但尿液 SAT 法取样方便,检测快速,适临床实验室对 UU 的检测.     

β\|葡萄糖醛酸苷酶+凝固酶检测技术诊断需氧菌阴道炎的临床价值

目的讨论β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶＋凝固酶检测技术诊断需氧菌阴道炎（AV）的临床价值。方法分别采用镜检法和β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶＋凝固酶检测技术对250例疑似AV患者进行检测。结果在250例疑似AV患者中,镜检法检出阳性患者235例,β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶＋凝固酶检测法检出阳性患者228例。以镜检法为诊断标准,β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶＋凝固酶检测技术的敏感性为91．2％。结论β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶＋凝固酶检测技术诊断AV具有很高的敏感度和特异度,与目前临床使用的常规镜检法符合率高,且该方法操作简便、快速,值得临床推广使用。     

1112例血培养结果及耐药性调查

目的了解血培养中检出的病原菌的菌群分布及耐药性情况,为临床合理选择抗生素提供科学依据。方法血培养使用Bact/ALERT3D(120)全自动血培养系统及其配套的培养瓶,病原菌鉴定及药敏试验采用法国BioMerieux公司的ATB Expression细菌鉴定仪及配套试剂条。结果从1 112例血培养中检出病原菌167株,阳性率为15.0%,检出的细菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、甲型副伤寒沙门菌、伤寒沙门菌、大肠埃希菌为主,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对苯唑西林耐药占69.8%。大肠埃希菌的超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)发生率为10.0%。结论血培养检出病原菌种类复杂,耐药率高,临床医师应加强疑似败血症患者血液中病原菌的检测,合理使用抗生素。     

DNA微阵列芯片在皮肤分枝杆菌感染中的早期诊断价值

目的研究DNA微阵列芯片在皮肤分枝杆菌感染早期诊断中的临床应用价值。方法应用传统方法(包括病理学以及培养和测序鉴定)和DNA微阵列芯片技术对6例临床疑似皮肤分枝杆菌感染患者的皮肤组织进行检测。结果 6例患者的发病诱因多有海鲜接触史或外伤史,表现为单发或是呈淋巴管样排列模式;传统的细菌培养有5例患者阳性,经过测序鉴定分别为海分枝杆菌4例、龟分枝杆菌1例;DNA微阵列芯片技术检测6例患者均为阳性,其中海分枝杆菌5例,龟分枝杆菌1例;DNA微阵列芯片技术阳性率(6/6)高于传统的培养技术(5/6),此外检测时间也远低于传统培养技术。结论DNA微阵列芯片技术具有简便、快速、高敏感等特点,可鉴定皮肤分枝杆菌感染的致病菌种,为临床做出早期诊断和治疗提供依据。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism