甘肃宁夏蠓类二新种描述（双翅目：蠓科）

The present paper deals with two new species of Ceratopogonidae collected from Gansu and Ningxia, China.Leptoconops (Holoconops) conulus Yu et Liu, sp. nov. (fig. 1)The new species is similar to L. (H.) xuthosceles Chathawanich a Delfinado. but differs from the latter chiefly in the shape of apical diletion of paramers and dististyles.Holotype ♂, paratype 5 ♂♂ were collected on 25-26. Ⅴ. 1986, Pingjipu (38°35'N, 106° 18'E), Yinchuan City, Ningxia.Atrlchopogon (Pailokempia) sentus Yu et Qi, sp. nov. (fig. 2)This species is related to A. (P.) nanus Remm and A. (P.) harpogonus Macfie, but in A. (P.) sentus sp. nov. the ventral side of caudal part is provided with 2 pairs wing-like and one pair braid-like process, greatly differing from the resemble species.Holotype 9, 25. Ⅶ. 1986, Kangxian County (33°4'N, 105°5'E) Gansu.All holotype specimens of these 2 new species are deposited in the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and paratypes are deposited in the Institute of Military Medical Sciences, Military Distrct of Lanzhow.     

中国地衣两新记录

<正>Hebei Province lies in 36°04′-42°40′N and 113°27′-119°50′ E,covering an area of 187,700km2.The hilly area and plateau represent 57% of the total area.The lichen flora of this province is still inadequately known,and only 82 species     

Distribution patterns of pelagic euphausiids in the East China Sea

Distribution patterns and abundance of the euphausiids were examined in the East China Sea (23°30′ –33°00′N, 118°30′ –128°00′ E) in relation to temperature and salinity. The data were collected in 4 surveys from 1997 to 2000. The density or yield density model was used to predict optimum temperature and salinity of water for euphausiid distribution, and thereafter distribution patterns of euphausiids were determined based on the predicted parameters. Of 23 species, Euphausia pacifica, E. nana, Pseudeuphausia sinica and P. latifrons were numerically dominant. The analyses indicate that Euphausia pacifica is an offshore temperate water species, E. nana is an offshore temperate warm water species, P. sinica is a coastal subtropical water species and P. latifrons is an oceanic tropical water species. The 4 species occupied 4 different water masses, respectively, namely, cold water mass, cold and warm water mixed masses in winter and spring, cold and warm water mixed masses in summer and autumn, and warm water mass, which could be the good designators of individual water masses, respectively. The predicated optimal temperatures for E. tenera, S. carinatum, E. diomedeae, Stylocheiron affine, Nematoscelis sp., N. gracilis, N. atlantica, Stylocheiron sp. and S. suhmii are all > 25°. These species are mainly distributed in southern Kuroshio in winter and spring, Kuroshio, the Taiwan Warm Current and Tsushima Current in summer and autumn, the equatorial waters of Pacific Ocean and the eastern waters of the Taiwan Strait. They are called as oceanic tropical water species. Nematoscelis tenella and T. tricuspidata are referred to as offshore subtropical water species according to their geographic distributions even if they are halobionts. Euphausia sanzoi is considered as a typical offshore subtropical water species, which inhabited waters below 25°. Stylocheiron microphthalma, occupying warm current waters where temperature and salinity are nearly 25° and 34 in summer and autumn, belongs to oceanic tropical water species. In the same way, E. similes, E. mutica, Euphausia sp., E. brevis and E. recurva are classified into offshore subtropical water species in accordance with the optimum temperature and salinity of waters as well as locations and seasons of their occurrence. Optimum temperature, rather than salinity, is a better parameter in determining the distribution patterns of euphausiids.     

A Check-List of the Spiders (Araneae) of the Bolshekhekhtsyrski Nature Reserve, Khabarovsk Province, the Russian Far East

326 species of spiders belonging to 26 families are recorded from the Bolshekhekhtsyrski State Nature Reserve,of them 70 are new records for the reserve and six are new to the fauna of Russia:Asperthorax borealis Ono et Saito,2001; Cyclosa kumadai Tanikawa,1992; Cyclosa okumae Tanikawa,1992(earlier it was identified as C. argenteoalba Bosenberg et Strand,1906); Haplodrassus taepaikensis Paik,1992; Hypselistes fossilobus Fei et Zhu,1993; and Pachygnatha gaoi Zhu et al.,2003. The name Pronous minutus (S. Saito,1939) is synonymized with Pronoides brunneus Schenkel,1936. The male of H. taepaikensis is illustrated for the first time. Composition of the fauna is briefly discussed; 41% of the recorded species have their ranges confined to the SE Palaearctics. By its species diversity,the reserve's fauna is the second largest local fauna eastward of the Urals. An expected spider diversity of this reserve is likely to be over 400 species.     

A REPORT OF BIRDS OF NORTHEASTERN YUNNAN

A zoological expedition was made from March to June, 1975, in Northeastern Yunnan at Southeast of Yangtze River (27°30′—28°40′ N., 103°15′—104°25′E.). 450 specimens of birds were collected. Orders and families treated in this paper are listed below:     

New ommatids from the Late Jurassic of western Liaoning, China （Coleoptera： Archostemata）

A new genus Amblomma gen. nov. of fossil beetles is erected and can be assignedto the family Ommatidae because its two procoxal cavities are contiguous and the articulations of the abdominal ventrites are abutting. The new genus is similar to Zygadenia Handlirsch, 1906 (=Notocupes Ponomarenko, 1964), Tetraphalerus Waterhouse, 1901,Rhobdocupes Ponomarenko, 1966 and Sinocupes Lin, 1976, but can be distinguished from other genera according to the following characters: the second segment of antennae is shorterthan the third one in length; the posterior tarsi with the basal segment is obviously shorter than the three following taken together in length; the antennae reach the posterior ridge of prothroax in length, and the sides of the prothroax with serrulate margin. Four new species of the new genus are described and figured: Amblomma psilata gen. et sp. nov., Amblomma rudis gen. et sp. nov., Amblomma epicharis gen. et sp. nov., and Amblomma stabilis gen. etsp. nov. A key to species within this new genus is provided. All the specimens are collected from the Late Jurassic Yixian Formation of western Liaoning and are now housed in the College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.     

Thermoregulation in complex situations: combined heat exposure, infectious fever and water deprivation

Heat exposure, infectious fever and water deprivation are stressors that, individually, produce disturbances in more than one regulated system, calling for diverse compensatory responses. A potential conflict is created when these stimuli are combined and impose concurrent stressful loads on the body because the homeostatic defenses mobilized against one are also partly needed against the other stressors. To learn how the competing demands of combined stressors for shared regulatory systems are met, rabbits were exposed to 32°C and 37°C (heat), administered lipopolysaccharide (Salmonella enteritidis LPS, 2 μg/kg, i.v.) in temperatures of 22°C or 27°C, or water-deprived for 1 or 2 days in 22°C or 27°C, in separate experiments. The corresponding controls were exposed to 22°C or 27°C, administered pyrogen-free saline i.v. in 22°C or 27°C, or normally hydrated in 22°C or 27°C. In subsequent experiments, two or all three of these treatments were applied concurrently. Core and ear skin temperatures and respiratory rates were monitored continuously. The results indicated that the concomitant needs of moderate heat exposure, fever and 1 day of water deprivation were generally met by the regulatory systems involved, but different patterns of thermoeffector activities were evoked and the eventual body temperature changes produced were different under each condition. However, when the test conditions were severe, their combined needs were not met adequately and the eventual compensatory response depended not only on the particular stimulus intensity, but also on the immediate importance for survival of the functions being defended. Thus, dehydration was the most dangerous factor to the physiological integrity of the animals. In sum, conflicting physiological stimuli appear to result in responses that are different from the responses to a single perturbation, the eventual output representing the resultant of the inputs rather than a singular output dictated by one dominant drive to the exclusion of the others. Received: 20 August 1999 / Revised: 8 December 1999 / Accepted: 15 December 1999     

Ecological Characteristics of Plants of Harboi Rangeland, Kalat, Pakistan

The Harboi rangeland, Kalat, Pakistan, covers an area of 22 351 hectares and it lies between 29°N and 66°45' to 67°E. It was declared as Protected Forest since January 1967 (Fig.1). The study area has rugged mountainous limestone and conglomerates with many small valleys and dry ravines. The altitude varies from 2 900 to 3 300 m. The area is under heavy grazing and human pressure due to lopping and uprooting of plants for fuel, forage and medicinal purposes. The climate is of dry tempe…     

Ethnopharmacological Survey of Plants Used for the Treatment of Stomach, Diabetes, and Ophthalmic Diseases in Sudhan Gali, Kashmir, Pakistan

IntroductionSudhan Gali is situated at about2100mabovesea level andlies between latitude34°3′35″-34°6′35″andlongitude73°44′30″-70°48′15″.It is60kmawayfromState Capital Muzaffarabad,Kashmir,Pakistan.The highest point of Sudhan Gali is Ganga Choti.Itsheight is about3045m,whichis famous for its fasci-natinglandscape.The soil of Sudhan Gali varies fromclay loamtosandyloamand calcareousin nature.Itis veryshallowon slopes and deep in valley floors.The area has ex-treme climate with…