锡林郭勒草原布氏田鼠数量的周期性和啮齿动物群落的演替

根据内蒙古阿巴嗄旗那仁宝力格苏木１９７９－１９９７年啮齿动物监测资料,利用变动指数（Ｓ）,得知布氏田鼠密度的年际动态具有一定的周期性,１９８９－１９９７年共捕啮齿动物１０种,其中田鼠占８８．４５％,达乌尔鼠兔占５．３７％。总密度（单位面积上啮齿动物的密度之和）、田鼠密度、鼠兔密度间均呈正相关,回归模型为：总密度＝０．８８０６＋１．００４８（田鼠密度）＋０．８７７９（鼠兔密度（Ｐ＝０．０００１）。田     

基于高分一号 WFV 卫星影像的黄河口湿地草本植被生物量估算模型研究

基于高分一号 WFV 卫星数据,通过计算 NDVI、SRI、SAVI、MSAVI、GBNDVI 和 DVI 6种植被指数,结合黄河口湿地现场草本植被地上干生物量样本,进行一元线性、指数、对数和幂4种模型的回归分析,从中选出生物量最佳估算模型。结果表明：（1）指数模型是 NDVI 和 GBNDVI 的最佳生物量回归模型,幂模型是其它植被指数的最佳回归模型（P ＜0．001）;（2）6种植被指数干生物量最佳回归模型的决定系数（R2）都大于0．7,最大为0．77,由大到小排序为 MSAVI ＞SAVI ＞NDVI ＞DVI ＞SRI ＞GBNDVI;（3）各最佳回归模型的平均相对误差（MRE）都小于54％,最小为23．9％,由小到大排序为 NDVI ＜GBNDVI ＜SRI ＜DVI ＝SAVI ＜MSAVI。     

脱脂对苜蓿草粉及其IDF提取物特性的影响

目的：研究脱脂对苜蓿膳食纤维提取物特性的影响。方法：以初花期和结荚期苜蓿草粉为原料,研究了脱脂处理对苜蓿草粉及其水不溶性膳食纤维（IDF）提取物膨胀力、持水力和持油力的影响。结果：脱脂可显著提高不同生长时期苜蓿草粉及初花期IDF提取物的持油力（t>t0.05）、初花期草粉持水力（t>t0.01）;显著降低初花期草粉（t>t0.01）及其IDF提取物的膨胀力（t>t0.05）;对初花期和结荚期苜蓿IDF提取物持水力、结荚期苜蓿草粉及其IDF提取物的膨胀力、结荚期IDF提取物持油力无显著影响（t相似文献   

武汉东湖浮游动物对浮游细菌的牧食力研究

利用３５μｍ、６４μｍ、９０μｍ和３６０μｍ等不同大小孔径的筛绢网过滤湖水进行了浮游动物对浮游细菌牧食力的研究。结果表明,东湖浮游动物对浮游细菌总滤过率为１８０．１９ｍｌｌ￣（－１）ｈ￣（－１）．摄食率为０．４０μｇＣｌ￣（－１）ｈ￣（－１）。９０μｍ以下的个体为原生动物和轮虫,它们组成了群落总生物量的７５％,其对细菌的牧食力占总牧食力的４４．８％,大于３６０μｍ的浮游动物（主要是甲壳动物）的牧食力占总牧食力的３５．１％。大于９０到小于３６０μｍ的浮游动物其牧食力最小,只占总牧食力的２０％。文中分别用滤过率、摄食率和特定摄食率对各浮游动物组分进行了比较,甲壳动物的特定摄食率比原生动物和轮虫的特定摄食率之和大。文中并讨论了可能影响浮游动物对浮游细菌牧食力的有关因素。     

小麦赤霉病菌细胞壁提取物（HCW）的生物活性

从小麦赤霉病菌一禾 镰孢Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｇｒａｍｉｎｅａｒｕｍ Ｓｃｈｗ．强致病力（Ｆ１５）和弱致病力（Ｈ２８）菌株的菌丝细胞壁制备获得提取物（ＨＣＷ）,分别在抗病和感染病小麦品种上对其生物活性进行了测定。结果表明,ＨＣＷ可显著提高小麦黄化芽卧鞘、愈伤组织和穗组织等的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）和黄化芽鞘组织的脂氧合酶（ＬＯＸ）的活力,但不影响小麦黄化芽鞘垢生长。强、弱致病力菌株的ＨＣＷ的生物活性无     

不同原料栽培平菇的生态学转化特点研究

运用熟料袋栽方法对小麦杆和棉籽壳栽培平菇的转化特点进行了研究．结果表明平菇生产转化率（Ｒｃ）无显著差异,剩余率（Ｒｒ）和耗出率（Ｒｄ）有极显著差异,Ｒｃ、Ｒｒ和Ｒｄ相互间有极显著的直线回归关系．不同处理中Ｒｄ对Ｒｃ的回归系数（ｂ）一致,但回归截距（ａ）有较大差异,Ｒｄ对Ｒｒ的回归系数（ｂ）和截距（ａ）都有显著差异,但ｂ与ａ之比却十分接近．说明平菇生产中对原料的消耗可分为两个部分,一是基础消耗,与平菇产量无关,二是生产直接消耗,与平菇的产出率呈正相关．     

基于通量和光谱观测的中亚热带人工针叶林光能利用效率的反演

利用光谱反射率测量的光化学植被指数（PRI）估算植被光合作用的光能利用效率（LUE）,能够更好地为生态系统总初级生产力的估算及尺度扩展提供重要的技术支撑.本研究以中国通量网（ChinaFLUX）千烟洲通量观测站为研究区域,2013年9月和12月在通量塔上测量了中亚热带人工针叶林的植被反射光谱,并获取了通量塔上同步观测的气象数据和涡度相关通量数据,对两者进行回归分析.结果表明： PRI-LUE相关关系（R²=0.20,P<0.001）优于NDVI LUE.在整个观测期内,土壤水分含量（SWC）与PRI组合的二元回归模型能够提高LUE的估算精度（日间观测R²=0.29,P<0.001;正午观测R²=0.30,P<0.01）,而在秋季,饱和水汽压差（VPD）与PRI组合的二元回归模型能较好地估算正午LUE（R²=0.448, P<0.001）,表明环境因子SWC和VPD是影响PRI-LUE关系的重要因素,不同季节的二元回归模型所选择的最佳环境变量有所不同.     

藓类植物孢子生活力的快速检测方法初探

通过对温度和光照条件的实验探索,筛选出金发藓（Polytrichum commune）和细叶小羽藓（Haplocladium microphyllum）2种藓类孢子萌发的最适条件。采用碘-碘化钾染色法、TTC染色法、红墨水染色法、亚甲基蓝染色法对6种藓类植物孢子的生活力进行测定,并将测得的生活力结果与孢子萌发率进行了比较分析。结果表明,亚甲基蓝染色法测定的藓类植物孢子平均生活力百分率与孢子平均萌发率最为接近,且染色效果明显,可用于苔藓植物孢子生活力的快速测定。亚甲基蓝染色法测得的孢子生活力（x）与其离体萌发率（y）的相关性达到极显著水平（r=0.976）,其回归方程为y=-8.547+1.069x(P<0.01),可通过孢子生活力方便预测萌发率。     

冷害过程中黄瓜叶片SOD、CAT和POD活性的变化

实验选用3个耐冷力不同的黄瓜品种研究其叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）等3种抗氧化酶活性在冷害过程中的变化。结果表明：低温胁迫期间的CAT和POD活性与黄瓜叶片的耐冷力表现一致,SOD活性则与其耐冷力表现相反。低温胁迫后,3个品种的所有3种抗氧化酶活性均降低,叶片表现出明显的冷害症状,但耐冷力较高的津优10号仍然具有相对较高的CAT活性。恢复期的SOD活性无显著性变化;耐冷力最弱的津研4号和耐冷力中等的津绿3号的CAT活性上升而津优10号的CAT活性降低;3个品种的POD活性都增高,但津研4号的上升幅度明显高于其它2个品种,可能与POD能催化活性氧（ROS）产生有关。     

沿海蝗区东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria manilensis)产卵场所选择的Logistic回归模型

以沿海蝗区南大港水库为研究区域,通过2002和2003两年野外450,50m规则栅格取样获取东亚飞蝗卵块、植物种类及其密度、土壤特性如含盐量、5cm含水量、pH、有机质及地形（阴坡和阳坡）等数据,采用多元Logistic回归模型,运用SAS软件筛选出与飞蝗产卵场所选择密切相关的变量,建立用于预测飞蝗产卵场所选择的Logistic回归模型。结果表明用植株密度（veg—d）和土壤含水量（water）所组建的模型能较好地预测飞蝗产卵选择,log（P（Y=1）/1-P（Y=1））=21．63-76.23/water-5．43log（water）-0．86（veg_d）。利用拟合优度（Goodness of fit）、预测准确性（Predictive accuracy）及模型x^2统计（Model chi—square statistic）等指标对模型进行评价的结果表明,所组建的用于预测飞蝗产卵场所选择的Logistic回归模型是可靠的,且能较好地预测事件是否发生。研究结果为区域蝗灾早期预警提供了科学依据和方法,对今后预测飞蝗产卵地点选择及防治决策有较高的实用性和应用价值。     

北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性研究一种-面积曲线的拟合与评价

 本文选择了10条曲线作为种—面积曲线的拟合模型,它们分别是 S=b+aA (1) S= b+alnA (2) S=(b+alnA)c (3) S=aln(A+1) (4) S=aln(bA+1) (5) S= aAb (6) S=aA/(1+bA) (7) S=c/(1+ae-bA) (8) S=c-ae-bA (9) S=a(1-e-bA) (10) 对其中的7个非线性模型给出了参数初值的计算方法,并用Gauss—Newton或Marquardt方法计算非线性最优解。又选择了剩余标准差(RSE)、相关指数(CRI)、偏差绝对值的平均值(AAD)和相对偏差绝对值的平均值(AARD)作为模型拟合优劣的4个评价指标。研究结果表明：1)7个非线性模型中参数初值的计算方法是可行的。从4个评价指标来看,它们的非线性最小二乘解都明显优于线性最小二乘解;2)10个模型的拟合效果都相当好,对5个样地及其各层拟合的共200个CRI中有71.5％大于0.9,89％大于0.8,其中曲线(3)和(9)最好,其次是(5)、(6)、(2),(1)和(10)最差;3)秩相关分析表明,3个评价指标RSE、AAD和AARD相互之间存在极强的正秩相关,因此在本研究中,它们的评价结果具很强的一致性。     

尼莫地平治疗高血压性脑出血疗效观察

目的:尼莫地平治疗高血压性脑出血的临床疗效。方法:90例高血压脑出血患者随机分为实验组(45例)和对照组(45例),对照组仅采用常规治疗,实验组在常规治疗的基础上采用尼莫地平进行治疗,比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后的临床神经功能缺损评分、临床残疾评分以及血肿和水肿带体积改变。结果:实验组和对照组的治疗有效率为73.33%和42.22%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组和对照组治疗前、后临床神经功能缺损评分分别为(18.58±3.06)、(12.31±2.74)和(18.28±2.97)、(15.22±2.72),实验组和对照组治疗前、后临床残疾评分分别为(38.93±3.37)、(61.57±3.03)和(37.51±4.962)和(43.48±7.19),实验组和对照组治疗前、后的血肿体积分别为(17.23±5.48)cm3、(7.93±3.33)cm3和(17.60±5.46)cm3、(10.97±4.25)cm3,实验组和对照组治疗前、后的水肿带体积分别为(7.73±3.20)cm3、(4.21±1.60)cm3和(7.83±3.19)cm3和(5.67±1.82)cm3,所有患者治疗后各指标均优于治疗前,治疗后两组组间比较均有有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:尼莫地平能够明显的减少血肿体积和水肿带的体积,提高治疗的效果,减少脑出血患者发生神经功能缺损和残疾的可能。     

籼稻和粳稻中蜡质基因座位上微卫星标记的多态性及其与直链淀粉含量的关系

稻米直链淀粉是在由蜡质基因Wx编码的颗粒结合淀粉合成酶（GBSS）的催化下合成的。最近,在Wx基因的区段内发现了一段多态性微卫星序列（CT）n。对74个非糯籼稻和粳稻材料的（CT）n多态性进行了分析,并探讨了其与直链淀粉含量之间的关系。在74个品种（系）中共发现7种（CT）n片段（Wx等位基因）,即（CT）8,（CF）10,（CT）11,（CT）16,（CT）17,（CT）18,（Ch）19。在籼粳亚种间,不同（CT）n的分布存在差异较大：在籼稻中,以（CT）11和（CT）18为主,占92．6％,另有（CT）10和（CT）8各2份,（CT）17型1份;在粳稻中,以（CT）16、（CT）17为主,共占20份材料中的90．0％。在上述74个品种（系）中,以（CT）n表示的Wx基因型对稻米直链淀粉含量的决定系数R2达0．912,也即Wx基因型差异可解释这些材料直链淀粉含量变异的91．2％。还发现6份籼稻材料Wx座位上为杂合的（CT）18／（CT）11,其中2份为推广早籼优质品种浙9248和舟优903,并对其在遗传和育种研究中的意义作了探讨。     

Acylated anthocyanins from the violet-blue flowers of Orychophragonus violaceus

Three acylated cyanidin 3-sambubioside-5-glucosides (1-3) were isolated from the violet-blue flowers of Orychophragonus violaceus, and their structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Two of those acylated anthocyanins (1 and 3) were cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(2-O-(4-O-(6-O-(4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-trans-caffeoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-trans-caffeoyl)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-6-O-(4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-trans-acyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside)s, in which the acyl groups were p-coumaric acid for 1, and sinapic acid for 3, respectively. The last anthocyanin 2 was cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(2-O-(4-O-(6-O-(4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-trans-caffeoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-trans-caffeoyl)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-6-O-(4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-trans-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. In these flowers, the anthocyanins 2 and 3 were present as dominant pigments, and 1 was obtained in rather small amounts.     

太湖流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

分别于2009年8月和2010年5月对太湖流域37个采样点的大型底栖动物进行调查采样.共采集到大型底栖动物69种,其中寡毛类15种,占21.7%;软体动物16种,占232%;甲壳动物5种,占7.2%;水生昆虫27种,占39.1%;多毛类6种,占8.7%.利用大型底栖动物的物种组成以及物种相对丰度,应用双向指示种(TWINSPAN)和无偏对应分析(DCA)将37个采样点分为4组.第1组的指示种为齿吻沙蚕和河蚬等多毛类及软体动物;第2组的指示种为太湖大螯蜚和方格短沟蜷等多毛类及软体动物;第3组的指示种为霍甫水丝蚓等环节动物;第4组的指示种为正颤蚓和摇蚊幼虫.典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明： 电导率和总氮是影响底栖动物分布的主要环境因子,铵氮、COD_Cr、透明度、叶绿素a、水深及硝态氮对底栖动物分布也有影响.     

沙井地区384例支原体药敏试验结果及分析

目的:了解本地区社区感染支原体的药物敏感情况。方法:对门诊标本培养出的384例支原体进行药敏试验(微量肉汤法)。结果:Uu对交沙霉素、克拉霉素及罗红霉素敏感性高,敏感率分别为98%、94%及93%;对环丙沙星、大观霉素耐药性高,敏感率分别为8%及11%。Mh对交沙霉素敏感率为89%、对大现霉素、多西环素、美满霉素的敏感率均为78%;对罗红霉素、红霉素耐药性高,敏感率分别为0%及11%。Uu合并Mh对交沙霉素、多西环素、美满霉素敏感性高,敏感率分别为85%、73%及69%,对红霉素、克拉霉素、大观霉素的敏感性均为0%,对罗红霉素、阿奇霉素、环丙沙星的敏感率均为4%。结论:支原体的敏感性存在时空差异,且不同类型的支原体对抗菌素的敏感性是不同的,应采用实验室结果而非经验指导用药。     

Prevalence of low positive anti-HCV antibodies in blood donors: Schistosoma mansoni co-infection and possible role of autoantibodies

Patients infected with schistosoma frequently show a high seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies. The aim of this study was to find the underlying reason for this phenomenon, and to examine a possible involvement of autoantibodies. Out of 2,400 Egyptian blood donors, 192 (8%) were anti-HCV positive by ELISA. They were 133 males and 59 females with age ranging from 27 to 48 years. According to optical density ratio (ODR) of anti-HCV antibodies, 96 cases were low positive (LP) with ODR (1-2) designated as group I, and 96 were high positive (HP) with ODR (> or =2) (group II). Both groups were examined for quantitative HCV core antigen (HCVcAg), liver function (Albumin, ALT, AST) and anti-Schistosoma mansoni(anti-Sm) IgG. Group I cases were HCVcAg negative with normal liver function tests, and 44 of them were anti-Sm positive. Ninety cases (93.75%) of group II were HCVcAg positive with markedly affected liver function tests and 72 cases were anti-Sm positive. All group I cases were examined for autoimmune markers (ANA, AMA, SMA and LKM). In group I, 33 (75%) of anti-Sm positive cases were positive for one or more of the autoimmune markers examined, while none of anti-Sm negative was positive for any marker with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.0001). Our results primarily on blood donors indicate that LP anti-HCV frequently represents false-positive reactivity with a possible role of Sm-induced autoantibodies in this phenomenon.     

Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production by the oleogum resin of Commiphora wightii and its constituents

Three new (1-3) and five known compounds (4-8) were isolated from the oleogum resin of Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhanol. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The MeOH extract and the EtOAc-sol. fraction were found to demonstrate significant inhibition of NO formation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages J774.1 in vitro (IC(50) values of 16.4 and 12.8 microg/ml, respectively). When compared with curcumin (IC(50) value of 12.3 microM), Z- and E-Guggulsterones (4 and 5, respectively) were the most potent inhibitors of NO production (IC(50) values of 1.1 and 3.3 microM, respectively), followed by myrrhanol A (7) and myrrhanone A (8) (IC(50) values of 21.1 and 42.3 microM, respectively). Guggulsterone-M (1) and its didehydro derivative (2) were weak inhibitors, while guggulsterols I (6) and Y (3) were inactive (IC(50) >500 microM).     

长江流域棉区棉花新品种抗病虫性研究

2003年,对长江流域棉区15份新材料进行了抗红铃虫鉴定,结果有8份材料高抗红铃虫,占鉴定材料的53.33%;4份材料抗红铃虫,占26.67%;3份材料中抗红铃虫,占20.00%.对55份新材料进行抗枯萎病鉴定,结果有27份材料抗枯萎病,占鉴定材料的49.09%;26份材料耐枯萎病,占47.27%;2份感枯萎病,占3.64%.对59份材料进行抗黄萎病鉴定,结果有8份材料抗黄萎病,占鉴定材料的13.56%;43份材料耐黄萎病,占72.88%;8份材料感黄萎病,占13.56%.     

Characterization of aerobic bacterial and fungal microbiota on surfaces of historic Scottish monuments

Twenty samples were taken from the inner or outer surfaces of stone monuments of six historic Scottish buildings and ruins. Biofilms developing on mineral substrates were analysed by in situ scanning electron microscopy and cultivation. Various methods were used to characterize the isolates including automated ribotyping, RAPD and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria, and stereomicroscopy and sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) for fungi. Most samples contained microbes between 10(5) and 10(7)cfug(-1) substrate. Actinobacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces (17 samples/5 monuments) or Arthrobacter (12/3) and Pseudomonas (9/3) were frequently detected. Most streptomycetes were in terms of their 16S rRNA gene sequence most closely related to S. microflavus (10/3) or to the undescribed species S. "vulgaris" (8/3). Indoor and outdoor biofilms exhibited significant differences in their microbiota, as shown by both microscopy and isolation studies. Pigmented coccoid Arthrobacter species were typical for the outdoor samples, whereas Pseudomonas species were common in the indoor samples. Based on the low phylogenetic relationship to a known species (type strain), potential novel pigmented bacterial species belonging to the genera Arthrobacter, Brevundimonas, Cryseobacterium, Deinococcus and Dyadobacter were detected from the outdoor samples and to Pseudomonas from the indoor samples. Hyaline fungal species of Acremonium (10/4) mainly occurred in indoor samples, whereas pigmented species of Cladosporium (8/3), Penicillium (6/3) and Phialophora (6/2) were found outdoors. Using in situ microscopy diatom algae were also detected.