产壳聚糖酶菌株的分离筛选及其诱变育种

利用以壳聚糖为唯一碳源的选择性培养基,从自然界中筛选得到一株壳聚糖酶活较高的菌株 ,其壳聚糖酶活为0.59U/mL.经初步鉴定,该菌株为芽孢杆菌属,以A表示.以该芽孢杆菌为出发菌株,经硫酸二乙酯(DES)诱变处理50 min后,筛选得到壳聚糖酶活明显提高的突变株DES-4,其壳聚糖酶活为1.60U/mL,是出发菌株的2.7倍.该突变株经连续传代5次后仍稳定产酶.研究表明,突变株DES-4的壳聚糖酶产生与芽孢形成之间关系密切,当芽孢充分形成后发酵液的壳聚糖酶活力不再增大.     

产壳聚糖酶菌株的初步筛选

通过大量的筛选,获得了产壳聚糖酶较好的菌株Y2、Y4、Y8。其发酵液所产壳聚糖酶的酶活力分别为2．0U／ml,2．1U／ml,2．2U／ml。     

产壳聚糖酶菌株的生物学特性及抑菌性能研究

采用透明圈法,通过大量筛选得到8株产壳聚糖酶的野生菌株,对产壳聚糖酶最高的菌株Y8的菌株形态特征和生理生化特征、生长曲线、培养时间、培养起始pH等生物学特性进行了试验并对该菌所产壳聚糖酶进行了抑菌实验比较,Y8菌株产壳聚糖酶酶活力达0.50U/mL,依据《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》(第九版),初步鉴定为似单胞菌(Pseudomonas)属的一个种。菌株Y8的适宜培养pH值为6.0～7.0,最适pH值6.5。适宜养温度为28～32℃,最适值32℃。Y8所产的壳聚糖酶对细菌和真菌都有一定的抑制作用,对细菌的抑制作用要优于真菌。浓度为0.1％的壳聚糖酶抑菌能力高于1％壳聚糖,比0.1％壳低聚糖的抑菌效果略高。     

高产壳聚糖酶菌株的筛选及分类鉴定

目的在于筛选一株高产壳聚糖酶的菌株,通过形态学、生理生化及16SrDNA序列测定,对菌株进行分类鉴定。对长白山天池边的土样进行筛选,获得一株产壳聚糖酶活力较高的菌株,最大酶活力达0．325U／mL。经16SrDNA序列比对,该菌株与Beta proteobacterium的同源性高达99％。结合《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》（第9版）,将该菌株鉴定为Beta proteobacterium属的一个种,定名为Betaproteobac-tenure sp．T1。     

高产壳聚糖酶菌株的筛选及分类鉴定

目的：筛选一株高产壳聚糖酶的菌株。方法：通过形态学、生理生化及16S rDNA序列测定,对菌株进行分类鉴定。在培养基中以壳聚糖为唯一碳源,对长白山天池边的土样进行筛选。结果：获得一株产壳聚糖酶活力较高的菌株,最大酶活力达0．325U／ml。结论：经16S rDNA序列比对,该菌株与Beta proteobacterium的同源性高达99％。结合《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》（第九版）,将该菌株鉴定为Beta proteobacterium属的一个种,定名为Beta proteobacterium sp．T1。     

产壳聚糖酶菌株的发酵条件优化

方法:通过单因子实验,对保存的1株产壳聚糖酶的菌株C001进行发酵产酶条件优化,确定了最适产酶培养基组分.结果:温度30℃,发酵时间18h,pH5.5,接种量5%优化发酵条件后,产壳聚糖酶活力增长了37.4%.     

产壳聚糖酶菌株的分离、鉴定及发酵条件优化

从废弃食用菌培养基周围土壤中分离得到一株产壳聚糖酶的菌株,结合形态学特征与26SrDNA序列进行了分类学鉴定,结果表明,该菌株与高山被孢霉(Mortierella alpina)的同源性较高,达99%,初步鉴定为被孢霉属的一种,命名为KB-1001。并对该菌株的产酶特性进行了研究,结果表明,该菌株液体发酵培养产酶高峰出现在第84h,最适碳源为1%的水溶性壳聚糖,最适氮源为1.87%的(NH4)2SO4,摇瓶培养的最适初始pH值为6.0,最适温度为28℃～30℃,接种量为4%,最佳装瓶量为70 mL/250 mL,150 r/min摇瓶培养,经优化培养后,该菌株发酵液中壳聚糖酶活力最高达到8.130 U/mL。比原始的未经发酵条件优化的产酶活性提高了12.78%。     

壳聚糖酶产生菌的筛选及固定化细胞产酶

旨在筛选得到一株壳聚糖酶产生菌,并研究固定化细胞产酶的条件。在培养基中以壳聚糖为唯一碳源,对土壤样品进行筛选,获得一株无花果沙雷氏菌(Serratia ficaria CH-0203),该菌可被壳聚糖诱导产生壳聚糖酶。固定化细胞产酶的研究结果表明,多孔玻璃可以有效吸附CH—0203菌细胞。在最适发酵条件下(pH6．5,培养基与载体的总体积48ml,载体与培养基的比例为1．5g/4．0ml,吸附时间是20h-26h),发酵液酶活达到4．5U／ml,比游离细胞发酵提高了16％。采用半连续发酵的方式,固定化的细胞可以稳定发酵产酶120h左右。固定化细胞产酶的效率大大高于游离细胞。     

土壤中产壳聚糖酶真菌的筛选

在以壳聚糖（Chitosan）为唯一碳源和氮源的培养基上,利用透明圈筛选法,从不同地区采集的105份土样中,共分离到26株产生透明圈较大的菌株,结合酶活力测定结果,获得产酶能力较高的菌株HF-1、HF-5,为进一步的研究提供了条件。     

壳聚糖酶

<正>壳聚糖(Chitosan)是由N-乙酰葡糖胺(GlcN Ac)和葡糖胺(GlcN)通过β-1,4糖苷键相连接的多糖,与甲壳素、壳寡糖均被称为甲壳素类物质,被誉为继糖类、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素等生命元素之外的第六大生命物质。壳寡糖由于其生物相容性好、易于被人体吸收等优势,其商业产品已遍布各个领域,主要涉及功能性食品、药品、环保、化工等。通过化学方法降解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖的方法具有污染环境、产物不均一等缺点。利用生物酶法     

壳聚糖酶生产菌的筛选、鉴定及其产酶培养条件的研究

从土样中分离到60株分泌胞外壳聚糖酶的菌株,经过筛选,其中有1株细菌产酶能力较高.生理生化试验鉴定该细菌为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.).对假单胞菌产酶的培养条件研究结果表明:最适培养基组分为(g/L):壳聚糖5,氨基葡萄糖2,硝酸氨2,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,KH2PO4 0.4,KCL 0.5,FeSO4·7H2O 0.01,起始pH 6.5;适宜培养条件是:接种量2.0×107个/50ml培养液,28℃,120 r/min振荡培养3d.     

无花果沙雷氏菌CH0203壳聚糖酶的纯化及生化性质研究

目的：得到纯化的无花果沙雷氏菌CH02503的壳聚糖酶,并研究其生化性质。方法：将发酵粗酶液先后通过硫酸铵分级沉淀,superdex75凝胶柱和羧甲基纤维素离子交换柱层析,壳聚糖酶得到纯化。结果：经测定,该酶为内切酶,其相对分子质量为29kDa,等电点9．4,在45℃和pH4．0—7．5之间稳定,最适温度是45％,最适pH3．6,Mn^2＋、Co^2＋能够激活,Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Ni^2＋、Cr^3＋能够抑制该酶的活性,该酶最适底物是脱乙酰度85％的壳聚糖,对脱乙酰度低于45％的壳聚糖不能作用,对羧甲基甲壳素和羧甲基纤维素不能作用,以完全脱乙酰的壳聚糖为底物时,最终水解产物是单糖、二糖、三糖,反应的米氏常数为0．44mg／ml。     

提高Lovastatin产生菌生物合成能力的研究

用微波等离子体(N^ 20w，4win)诱变M．ruber，筛选到一株高产菌株，再经过发酵工艺优化，最终Lovastaitin的发酵产率提高21．8％。     

高活性壳聚糖酶制剂的制备及其对壳聚糖降解作用的研究

对系列壳聚糖酶高产菌株的产酶性能及产酶发酵液的壳聚糖酶活性进行了比较,从中筛选出一株优良芽孢杆菌菌株,其产酶发酵液的壳聚糖酶活力高达5000U/mL(以单位时间内底物壳聚糖的减少量确定酶活力)。利用此粗制壳聚糖酶制剂对壳聚糖进行酶解产糖的研究表明:壳聚糖的转化率及壳寡糖的产率在适合的酶解条件下,短时间内即可接近100%。     

Biosynthesis of Biotin-vitamers from Oleic Acid by Cryptococcus neoformans

Chitosanase (ChoA) from Mitsuaria chitosanitabida 3001 was successfully evolved with secretion efficiency and thermal stability. The inactive ChoA mutant (G151D) gene was used to mutate by an error-prone PCR technique and mutant genes that restored chitosanase activity were isolated. Two desirable mutants, designated M5S and M7T, were isolated. Two amino acids, Leu74 and Val75, in the signal peptide of ChoA were changed to Gln and Ile respectively in the M7T mutant, in addition to the G151D mutation. The L74Q/V75I double ChoA mutant was 1.5-fold higher in specific activity than wild-type ChoA due to efficient secretion of ChoA. One amino acid Asn222 was changed to Ser in the M5S mutant in addition to the G151D mutation. The N222S single ChoA mutant was 1.2-fold higher in specific activity and showed a 17% increase in thermal stability at 50 °C as compared with wild-type ChoA. This is the first study to achieve an evolutional increase in enzyme capability among chitosanses.     

Molecular Characterization of a Novel Family-46 Chitosanase from Pseudomonas sp. A-01

Pseudomonas sp. A-01, isolated as a strain with chitosan-degrading activity, produced a 28 kDa chitosanase. Following purification of the chitosanase (Cto1) and determination of its N-terminal amino acid sequence, the corresponding gene (cto1) was cloned by a reverse-genetic technique. The gene encoded a protein, composed of 266 amino acids, including a putative signal sequence (1-28), that showed an amino acid sequence similar to known family-46 chitosanases. Cto1 was successfully overproduced and was secreted by a Brevibacillus choshinensis transformant carrying the cto1 gene on expression plasmid vector pNCMO2. The purified recombinant Cto1 protein was stable at pH 5–8 and showed the best chitosan-hydrolyzing activity at pH 5. Replacement of two acidic amino acid residues, Glu23 and Asp41, which correspond to previously identified active centers in Streptomyces sp. N174 chitosanase, with Gln and Asn respectively caused a defect in the hydrolyzing activity of the enzyme.     

提高表柔比星质量与生产水平的研究

柔红霉素产生菌S．Coeruleorubidus经N^ 、Co^60理化诱变剂选育后,获得的高产菌株经发酵罐应用后,其发酵产率分别提高25．8％、17．6％,累计净增利润超亿元,经分离收集的活性生物精品制成表柔比星,纯度提高4％,杂质比例下降2倍以上,收率提高50％,符合最新国际权威药典标准,产品畅销世界。     

Screening and mutagenesis of a novel Bacillus pumilus strain producing alkaline protease for dehairing

AIMS: To characterize and optimize a novel Bacillus pumilus strain isolated from biological waste which produces protease with excellent dehairing effect. This newly isolated strain could be utilized in the industrial leather dehairing process. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacterial strains secreting proteases were screened from biological wastes. Positive clones were further characterized by analysing their efficacy in dehairing and effects on collagen integrity. Among 171 colonies tested, a strain BA06, identified as B. pumilus, was picked owing to its efficient dehairing capabilities with minimal impact on collagen. By combined mutagenesis using UV, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosdguanidine and Co(60)-gamma-rays, this strain was further improved with regard to its alkaline protease production. The alkaline protease activity of the mutant strain SCU11was greatly improved up to 6000 U ml(-1), in comparison with its parent strain BA06 of 1200 U ml(-1). CONCLUSIONS: By using screening and mutagenesis methods, we have successfully created a B. pumilus strain that can produce high levels of alkaline proteases that are able to efficiently remove hair from skin with minimal damage on the collagen. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This strain could be used in commercial alkaline protease production for leather dehairing.     

Screening for Milk-clotting Enzyme from Basidiomycetes

Screening tests for aspartic proteinases with milk-clotting activity were done on basidiomycetes. Crude enzymes from 6 strains had a high ratio of milk-clotting activity to caseinolytic activity. These enzymes showed acidic pH optimum for proteolytic activity and were inhibited considerably by pepstatin, a specific aspartic proteinase inhibitor. Among them, the crude enzyme from Laetiporus sulphureus was more heat-labile than the other enzymes.