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1.
Brown-to-black pigment deposits present in association with sites of hemocytic activity in penaeid shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda) were demonstrated to be melanin by use of histochemical techniques. The brown-black pigment was associated with cellular inflammatory disease processes of infectious and noninfectious etiologies in Penaeus californiensis, P. stylirostris, P. vannamei, and P. duorarum. 相似文献
2.
John A. Couch 《Journal of invertebrate pathology》1974,24(3):311-331
A nuclear polyhedrosis virus exists in pink shrimp, Penaeus duorarum, from waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. This virus is rod-shaped, 269 nm long, and possesses an outer envelope surrounding its nucleocapsid. The nucleocapsid is 50 nm in diameter. The virus occurs in nuclei of host hepatopancreatic and midgut cells, and is both free in the nucleus and occluded within pyramidal-shaped polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB's). Histochemically and ultrastructurally, the shrimp PIB's appear to be ribonucleoprotein and in fine structure bear close resemblance to polyhedral inclusion bodies of Baculovirus species from insects. However, the lattice line-to-line spacing is greater than that usually reported for insect PIB's. Crowding and chemical stress of shrimp in aquaria may enhance and increase the virus infection and prevalence. In limited experiments, shrimp fed heavily infected hepatopancreatic tissues had much higher mortality than controls fed only fish. The virus appears to be enzootic in pink shrimp in nature. Cytopathological changes in infected cells of shrimp appear similar to those in insects infected with certain species of Baculovirus. The name Baculovirus penaei n.sp. is proposed for the shrimp virus. 相似文献
3.
Host response of two penaeid species, Penaeus aztecus and P. setiferus, from the Gulf of Mexico to the pathogenic fungus Fusarium sp. isolated from the California brown shrimp, P. californiensis, was studied in vivo. The hemocytic response to this fungus was traced histologically in the gills. Both species showed complete resistance to infection by the fungal spores when normal or wounded shrimp were held in seawater containing the spores or when spores were injected directly into the shrimp in low concentrations. Complete melanization and encapsulation of the micro- and macroconidia were observed. Spore dosages of 3.2 × 106 or more were lethal, apparently due to mechanical blockage of the blood sinuses of the gills. 相似文献
4.
White shrimp, Penaeus setiferus, infected by the plerocercoid larva of the trypanorhynchid cestode, Prochristianella penaei, respond to infections in the heptaopancreas by developing a progressively denser cyst, composed of hemocytes, fibroblasts, and collagenlike fibers, around the parasite. The pleocercoid is eventually destroyed and resorbed leaving a dense fibrous capsule in the hepatopancreas. Worms in the adjacent hemocoel are encapsulated by a thin host cyst and a less intense infiltration of cells and deposition of fibers, insufficient to destroy the pleroceroid. It is believed that the resorption process explains the drop in intensity of infection in juvenile white shrimp after a certain size is attained. 相似文献
5.
Dominant macroinvertebrates of the Georgia Bight were studied to evaluate the incidence of helminth infection and pathologies produced. Twenty-one stations along seven transects were sampled in February, May, August, and November 1977. Sicyonia brevirostris (rock shrimp) were heavily infected (83%) with cestode cysticercoids in the hepatopancreas and nerve tracts. Loligo pealeii (common squid) were lightly infected with cestodes (6%) throughout the year and with trematodes (<5%) during most of the year, but in the fall 33% were parasitized with trematode metacercarial. This study reemphasizes the high frequency of infection of marine invertebrates over large areas, the considerable pathology produced as well as the remarkable variability in infection patterns in local areas and with season. 相似文献
6.
Jaime R. Alvarado Bremer James G. Ditty Jennifer S. Turner Brandon L. Saxton 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》2010
This study describes a multiplex PCR assay based on the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene to identify the penaeid shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and Litopenaeus setiferus, all native to the Gulf of Mexico, and the exotic Litopenaeus vannamei. The assay was validated using positively identified adult shrimp and confirmed by direct sequencing. Samples of postlarvae and early juveniles collected in the eastern and western Gulf of Mexico were tested yielding 119 F. aztecus, 78 F. duorarum and five L. setiferus. Reliable identification of the morphologically similar early life stages of F. aztecus and F. duorarum has important implications for management and conservation. Similarly, the ability to identify L. vannamei is relevant as early detection could help minimize the ecological impact if this species escapes to the wild. 相似文献
7.
L. A. Gerlinskaya E. L. Zav’yalov A. I. Chechulin M. P. Moshkin 《Biology Bulletin》2013,40(7):606-613
Cestodes found in water voles (Arvicola terrestris L., 1758) trapped over six breeding seasons in the same local habitats included the following species: Arvicolepis transfuga (Spassky et Merkuscheva 1967), Paranoplacepala blanchardi (Moniez 1891), P. omphalodes (Hermann 1783), Parandria feodorovi (Gulyaev et Chetchulin 1996), Aprostatandrya dentate (Galli-Valerio 1905), and Arostrilepis microtis (Gulyaev et Chetchulin 2005). The dependence of cestode maturation on interannual variation in the food supply, territorial status, and morphofunctional characters of the hosts was analyzed in the two most abundant species, A. transfuga and P. feodorovi. The results showed that differences in host sex and food supply had no significant effect on cestode maturation. Judging from the proportion of gravid helminths of either species, the rate of their maturation was higher in nonresident than in resident voles. This proportion negatively correlated with body weight of male or female voles. It also negatively correlated with male fecal testosterone level, whereas correlations with fecal protein and progesterone levels were positive. The observed relationships do not explain why the occurrence frequency of gravid cestodes was higher in nonresident water voles, because they either did not differ from residents in parameters relevant to cestode maturation (body weight, fecal protein and testosterone levels) or the difference was opposite in direction (fecal progesterone was higher in resident voles). Nevertheless, an increase in the proportion of gravid cestodes in nonresident water voles may provide for more effective dispersal of these parasites. 相似文献
8.
James F. Kelly 《Journal of invertebrate pathology》1979,33(3):331-339
The pathology of pink shrimp, Penaeus duorarum, infected with the microsporidians Thelohania duorara, Agmasoma penaei, and Pleistophora sp. was described. Infections of T. duorara were widespread in most tissues; spores were located throughout the hemocoel, at the periphery of all striated muscle bundles, and in muscle and connective tissue surrounding the digestive tract. A. penaei infections invaded only dorsal abdominal muscles, muscles adjacent to blood vessels, and ovaries. Infected muscles and ovaries were eventually completely destroyed. Masses of A. penaei spores were often engulfed by hemocytes. Pleistophora sp. infected the interior of all striated muscles. Infected muscles were never completely destroyed but were often atrophied. 相似文献
9.
Thirteen species of penaeid shrimps, namely, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, F. penicillatus, F. indicus, Penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus affinis, M. monoceros, M. brevicornis, M. stebbingi, Parapenaeopsis stylifera, P. hardwickii, P. sculptilis, Parapenaeus longipes and Metapenaeopsis stridulans were examined in the present study. With the exception of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis and Parapenaeopsis stylifera no other shrimp species were found to be infected with bopyrids, the infection rate being 0.21% in F. merguiensis and 1.22% in P. stylifera. No marked change was observed in weight of the shrimps infected by bopyrids, however, a single male shrimp infected with bopyrid possessed a female like rostrum. All the infected male and female shrimps were found to be sexually immature. 相似文献
10.
Pink shrimp (Pandalus jordani), a commercially harvested species in Oreegon, Washington, and California, hosts four species of microsporidian parasites: Thelohania butleri, Pleistophora crangoni, and two undescribed species placed in the collective group, Microsporidium. All parasitize the skeletal musculature giving shrimp a whitish, opaque appearance. The prevalence of microsporidian infectionin P. jordani was studied over a 6-year period (1975–1980) and was found to be very low. Of the 207, 942 shrimp exmined, 0.19% were infected with one of the four species. No substantial differences in prevalence were observed between different sampling areas in Oregon and Washington or during the years sampled. The four species occurred in each sampling area in about the same portion. T. butleri was predominant and accounted for 78.7% of all infections. Heavy exploitation of host shrimp is suggested as a possible explanation for the low microsporidian infection rates in the P. jordani population. 相似文献
11.
Background
Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Batoidea: Potamotrygonidae) host a diverse parasite fauna, including cestodes. Both cestodes and their stingray hosts are marine-derived, but the taxonomy of this host/parasite system is poorly understood.Methodology
Morphological and molecular (Cytochrome oxidase I) data were used to investigate diversity in freshwater lineages of the cestode genus Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890. Results were based on a phylogenetic hypothesis for 74 COI sequences and morphological analysis of over 400 specimens. Cestodes studied were obtained from 888 individual potamotrygonids, representing 14 recognized and 18 potentially undescribed species from most river systems of South America.Results
Morphological species boundaries were based mainly on microthrix characters observed with scanning electron microscopy, and were supported by COI data. Four species were recognized, including two redescribed (Rhinebothrium copianullum and R. paratrygoni), and two newly described (R. brooksi n. sp. and R. fulbrighti n. sp.). Rhinebothrium paranaensis Menoret & Ivanov, 2009 is considered a junior synonym of R. paratrygoni because the morphological features of the two species overlap substantially. The diagnosis of Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890 is emended to accommodate the presence of marginal longitudinal septa observed in R. copianullum and R. brooksi n. sp. Patterns of host specificity and distribution ranged from use of few host species in few river basins, to use of as many as eight host species in multiple river basins.Significance
The level of intra-specific morphological variation observed in features such as total length and number of proglottids is unparalleled among other elasmobranch cestodes. This is attributed to the large representation of host and biogeographical samples. It is unclear whether the intra-specific morphological variation observed is unique to this freshwater system. Nonetheless, caution is urged when using morphological discontinuities to delimit elasmobranch cestode species because the amount of variation encountered is highly dependent on sample size and/or biogeographical representation. 相似文献12.
《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》1987,107(1):61-70
The natural, visually unrecognizable components of the diets of two species of penaeid shrimp were studied utilizing immunological methods. Seine samples of Penaeus aztecus Ives and P. setiferus (L.) were collected biweekly from May to November, 1983 in a tidal creek of North Inlet, South Carolina. Three size classes were established to examine possible ontogenetic shifts in diet as the shrimp grew. Immunoassays for P. aztecus indicated both macrofaunal and meiofaunal taxa present in all three size classes, with no single dominant prey. P. setiferus proventricular contents, however, revealed consistent presence of three prey items (Palaemonetes pugio (Holthuis), Uca pugnax (Smith), and Sesarma reticulatum (Say), as well as gammarid amphipods, polychaetes, periwinkles, and foraminiferans. 相似文献
13.
A primary mycosis of larvae of the white shrimp, Penaeus setiferus, is described. The disease first became apparent in larvae in the second protozoeal stage and disappeared as the shrimp reached the first mysis stage. Affected shrimp became immobilized by near complete tissue destruction and replacement by the expanding mycelium. The fungus was found to be Lagenidium sp. and was infective to larval brown shrimp, Penaeus aztecus. 相似文献
14.
Watcharasuda Hualkasin Wilaiwan Chotigeat Amornrat Phongdara 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》2003,296(1):1-11
Closely related species, Penaeus merguiensis and Penaeus silasi from Thai waters, were genetically examined using variation observed in 558 base pairs (bp) of sequence from cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mtDNA. The sequence divergences of COI between P. merguiensis and other Penaeus species were 5.76-6.15% (P. silasi), 13.17-13.97% (Penaeus indicus), 16.43% (Penaeus vannamei), 16.63% (Penaeus monodon), and 18.37% (Penaeus japonicus). From the alignment reported that there were four clades on phylogenetic tree, the distinction of the two monophyletic clades was referred as P. merguiensis, one monophyletic clade within P. silasi and P. indicus. These results point toward the possibility of P. merguiensis being a complex of two cryptic species or a single species with strong phylogeographic subdivision. 相似文献
15.
J.McD. Mair 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》1980,45(1):69-82
Preference for low salinity inland water may be an important factor in the immigration of postlarval penaeid shrimp from the sea to their nursery grounds, such as estuaries, bays, and coastal lagoons. In the present work, it was shown that four species from west Mexico - Penaeus vannamei Boone, P stylirostris Stimpson, P. californiesis (Holmes), and P. brevirostris Kingsley - all prefer salinities less than that of normal sea water. Older or larger postlarvae preferred lower salinities than early postlarvae. Of the four species, P. vannamei has the lowest preference and this species predominates in the coastal lagoon fisheries of the area. Postlarvae of P. californiensis and P. brevirostris were also shown to prefer lagoon water to sea water. The importance of these preferences is discussed in relation to the normal postlarval migrations. 相似文献
16.
The ultrastructure of the reticular uterus has been analyzed in pregravid and gravid proglottids of cyclophillid cestodes dwelling in water (Alcataenia dominicana and A. larina) and in terrestrial hosts (Arostrilepis tenuicirrosa). Cells of the medullary parenchyma surrounding the uterus are filled with lipid inclusions in all species investigated. The hypertrophic development of small excretory ducts that surround the uterus, contact the uterine epithelium, and penetrate the diverticula is characteristic of Alcataenia dominicana and Arostrilepis tenuicirrosa. A comparative analysis of the results and the data available for other cestode species allow for the assumption that the reticulate structure of the uterus, lipid accumulation, and contacts between the uterine epithelium and the excretory ducts are morphological and functional adaptations that enable matrotrophy and the attainment of maximal fecundity by cyclophillid cestodes. 相似文献
17.
L. V. Anikieva E. P. Ieshko N. V. Il’mast D. I. Lebedeva Ya. A. Kuchko 《Biology Bulletin》2012,39(4):375-381
The numbers, age structure, and morphological variation of the cestode Proteocephalus longicollis from whitefish of a natural water body (Kamennoe Lake) and those of Kostomuksha Lake polluted with wastes of the mining industry (northern Karelia) have been studied. In the polluted water body, a high infestation of whitefish and domination of larval stages in the structure of the parasite population have been established. It is shown that under conditions of pollution, only one of the variations of scolex signs dominates in the structure of phenotypic diversity. The size indices of cestodes are reliably smaller as compared with cestodes from the natural water body. The data obtained indicate that technogenic pollution determines a decrease in the intrapopulation diversity of P. longiocollis, and a decrease in the values of morphometric characters indicates inhibition of the morphophysiological state of individuals. 相似文献
18.
An overgrowth of muscle protruded through the ventral portion of the sixth abdominal segment of Penaeus aztecus and P. setiferus. This hamartoma was observed in 33 postlarval shrimp and is the first reported from a crustacean. Even though afflicted individuals represented a small proportion of the shrimp examined, nearly all such individuals were collected from the presumed most heavily polluted site. We suggest an unidentified pollutant as the cause of the abnormality. 相似文献
19.
20.
Waraporn Wanna Amornrat Phongdara 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》2006,331(1):64-73
The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) was investigated in the search for additional genetic marker that is suitable for population studies of the penaeid shrimps. The sequence variations of the ITS1 were determined and found to be informative in estimating phylogenies in that they differentiate four species of penaeid shrimps, namely Penaeus merguiensis, Penaeus silasi, Penaeus monodon and Penaeus semisalcatus and the populations of P. merguiensis collected in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. The length of the ITS1 ranged from 499 to 772 bp, with a GC content of 63.30-67.37%. Four microsatellite loci are found in the ITS1 at 5′ end and the middle of region and seem to be associated with sequence divergence and size variation in Penaeus species. Some microsatellites were found in only one specie, (GCGA)4 in P. semisalcatus and (CGGA)4-9 in P. monodon. These microsatellite regions are considerably long enough and the level of intragenomic variation in P. merguiensis is less than that between different species, hence, provide a great potential use in the population studies. 相似文献