越橘属植物的研究进展

本文综述了越橘属植物的富含的类黄酮等化学成分,以及其抗菌、抗癌防癌、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、预防心血管疾病等多方面的药理活性。     

安徽越橘属植物资源

初步调查了安徽越橘属(Vaccinium)植物的主要资源和野生资源的分布,并对越橘属野生浆果的化学成分、药理作用及生产现状等方面的研究进行了综述,为安徽蓝莓产业化发展提供了合理的建议.     

姜黄属植物组培快繁技术的研究进展

姜科姜黄属植物是市场上重要的鲜切花和园林绿化品种,且多数物种具有很高的药用价值。但姜黄属目前主流的块茎分株繁殖法面临着诸如繁殖质量可控性差、速度慢等一系列问题,因而限制了其市场的规模发展。姜黄属植物的组织培养快繁技术能为其提供高效的繁殖途径,批量生产出优质可控的种苗,为满足市场需求提供重要的技术支撑。本研究总结出姜黄属组织培养过程中各阶段的技术现状,通过不同培养方法探讨了目前姜黄属植物组培技术存在的问题和未来的方向,希望为姜黄属植物组培快繁提供技术参考。     

棘豆属三种植物体外培养再生植株

PlantletRe郡nerattonfromThreespeciesof山涉oplsInv咖0LIUMing－Zhi（a仲伽响ofeq，Imlz’xlho，LnNz～xl730000）1植物名称棘豆属：黄花棘豆（Oxytropisochrocephala）、甘肃棘豆（O.kansuensis）和宽苞棘豆（O.latirateata）。2材料类别由种子萌发的无菌苗下胚轴以及子叶的切段和切块。3培养条件使用B5和MS及改良的MS培养基[MS大量元素的CaCl2·2H2O、MgSO4；·7H2O、KH2PO4不变，改变NO3和NH浓度及比例。因此，在培养基中除加入不同比例及不同量的KNO3和NH4NO3外，还添加适量的氯化钾和柠檬酸按。No：NH分别为0：6…     

云南省越桔属植物资源研究

云南省的越橘属植物资源遗传多样性十分丰富,具有较好的利用价值。通过野外调查以及标本和查阅文献,越橘属在云南省有45种,12变种,其中9种和7变种系云南特有,主要分布在海拔400~4300 m范围内。本文较为系统地总结了其地理分布、植物学特征和遗传多样性,并且介绍了其中8个具有药用价值和育种潜力的种,同时对越橘属植物的收集、保存及利用情况进行了初步的探讨,提出目前存在的问题和建议。本文旨在为深入越橘属种质资源的研究和开发提供基础数据和信息。     

蝎尾蕉属植物的组织培养与快速繁殖

以蝎尾蕉属植物的吸芽为外植体,经灭菌处理后接种到MS BA 2-10 mg L-1 NAA 0.2-1.0 mg L-1培养基上,能进行不定芽的诱导和增殖,不同品种的增殖倍率相差较大,所需最适BA的浓度也不同.生根培养基以MS NAA 0.5 mg L-4 0.5%活性炭的效果较好.以沙,或泥炭土:沙=1:1,或珍珠岩:河沙=1:1三种基质移栽的试管苗,成活率达到90%以上.     

栎属植物体细胞胚胎发生研究现状

总结了影响栎属植物体细胞胚胎发生的主要可控因素及体细胞胚的遗传变异,组织学研究现状。目前,已能从成年组织上诱导出体细胞胚,但诱导率较低。重复性体胚发生系统已被认为是一种可资利用的繁殖途径,倍受关注。应用DNA分子标记分析表明：体胚细胞系内存在遗传变异。成熟和较低的萌发率是这一技术广泛应用的瓶颈。     

豹子花属植物的组织培养

百合科的豹子花属（Ｎｏｍｏｃｈａｒｉｓ）是青藏高原东南缘的一个特有属，仅有９种１变型，除阿萨姆豹子花（Ｎ．ｓｙｎａｐｔｉｃａ）外，其余８个类群都分布于云南西北部及邻近的缅甸东北部海拔２９００～４０００ｍ的高山地带。因其较高的观赏价值而博得中外植物学者...     

野生花卉大百合属植物繁殖技术研究进展

大百合属(Cardiocrinum)植物是一类具有重要应用价值的野生花卉,对其繁殖技术体系的研究旨为推广应用奠定基础。从引种栽培、种子生理、组织培养等方面综述了大百合属繁殖技术的研究进展,认为利用种子和组培进行大量繁殖已成为可能,对其杂交育种还需进一步深入研究,今后也应对其进行现代生物技术的应用研究。     

小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精的效果观察

目的　研究不同培养条件对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟及体外受精率的影响。方法　小鼠卵母细胞分别在含有FSH、BSA和胰岛素的培养液中体外成熟,在Whitten 氏液中体外受精,比较体外成熟率、体外受精率。结果　1- 裸卵(DO) 的体外成熟率、体外受精率(81-4% ,31-0 % ) 均高于卵丘卵母细胞复合体(COC)(48-6 % ,27-1% ) 。2- 在培养液中添加FSH、胰岛素和BSA,卵母细胞的体外成熟率为77-9 % ,82-3% 、60-7% ;体外受精率为77-2 % 、72-6 % 、26-7% ;2 - 细胞率为49-2 % 、34-2 % 、10-0% 。胰岛素组的卵母细胞IVM 率最高,但IVF率、2 - 细胞率低于FSH 组。3- 添加BSA的两组的体外受精率只有26-7 % 、25-8 % ,显著低于其他组,其体外成熟率也较添加FSH 和胰岛素的组成。4- 排出第一极体(PbI) 的卵母细胞的体外受精率和2 - 细胞率(85-9 % ,22-4% ) 均高于GV期卵母细胞(71-1 % ,12-9 % ) 。结论　1- 卵丘卵母细胞(COC) 较裸卵(DO) 的体外成熟率、体外受精率都低,差异显著(P成熟< 0-01;P受精< 0-05) 。2-FSH 和胰岛素均能提高小鼠卵母细胞的体外成熟率、体外受精率。3-BSA可以降低小鼠卵母细胞体外受精率,差异极显著。4-GV 期卵母细胞的体外受精率显著低于体外培养的排出第一极体的卵母细胞(P2 - cell < 0-05,P受精<0-05)     

Effect of Low Temperature On the In Vitro Growth of Plasmodium falciparum

ABSTRACT. The effect of low incubation temperature on synchronized cultures of Plasmodium falciparum was studied. Young trophozoites that were maintained at 28°C matured slowly and invaded poorly. Growth seemed to arrest when parasites reached a maturation equivalent to 30 h, although they reestablished their growth normally when returned to 37°C. On the other hand, 36-h synchronized parasites that were transferred to 28°C completed their cell cycle with a 12-16 h delay, but without changes in the parasite as seen by light microscopy and without a diminution in the efficiency of the invasion or in the incorporation of ³⁵S-methionine. These results might be useful for obtaining parasites at defined stages of development at the desired time.     

鱼籽兰(Chloranthus errectus)的离体繁殖

本研究通过几种培养基对鱼籽兰外植体培养,选择出了有效的外植体和适合的培养基,并摸索出了有效的移载和栽培技术,培育出了外植体繁殖的成熟开花植株,为该植物提供了一条新的快速繁殖途径,对同属其它植物的快速繁殖具有参考意义。     

植物离体组织染色体加倍诱导同源四倍体

随着生物技术的迅速发展,通过植物离体组织人工诱导多倍体已经成为获得多倍体植株的有效途径。本文就植物离体组织染色体加倍诱导同源四倍体的研究进展做一介绍,详细评述了植物离体组织细胞加倍的途径、影响植物离体组织加倍的因素、利用不同诱导剂进行处理效果比较及离体组织材料的早期倍性鉴定技术等,并展望了植物离体诱导同源四倍体的前景。     

In vitro differentiation ofPieris brassicae imaginal wing discs: Effects and metabolism of ecdysone and ecdysterone

Summary Imaginal wing discs ofPieris brassicae can be cultured in vitro for extended periods. Their ultrastructural development was investigated after culture in the presence of various concentrations of ecdysone and ecdysterone. When ecdysone or low concentrations of ecdysterone (2×10^–7 M) were added to culture media, larval discs secreted a pupal cuticle and they subsequently differentiated scales; prepupal discs completed their imaginal development. With a higher concentration of ecdysterone (2×10^–6 M), all discs produced abundant but fragmentary cuticular material.Prepupal discs were able to metabolize both hormones in vitro. Ecdysterone was mainly converted into a polar compound detectable after a short period of incubation. Ecdysone was transformed, at a slower rate, forming a polar compound and 26-hydroxyecdysone but no ecdysterone.     

Pigment recovery from encapsulated-dehydrated Vaccinium pahalae (ohelo) cryopreserved cells

Pigment producing in vitro cells of Vaccinium pahalae (ohelo) were tested for their ability to survive cryopreservation and retain pigment-production capacity after encapsulation-dehydration. Preculture of cells for 6 to 8 days in a medium containing 1.0 M sucrose was essential before dehydration. Reduction of bead water content before quenching in liquid nitrogen was highly correlated (r = 0.94) with increased survival rate in cells after cryopreservation. Dehydration of beads for 4 h was satisfactory for survival of cells. After quenching in liquid nitrogen, colored cells became pale, but pigment content was recovered once cells resumed growth. After three subcultures, cells regained their maximum capacity for pigment accumulation. The percentage of colored-to-total cell volume was not influenced by cryopreservation. Encapsulation-dehydration and cryopreservation did not diminish the capacity of cells to produce anthocyanins and other flavonoids. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Regulation of In Vitro Parthenogenesis and Somatic Proliferation in Sunflower by Several Factors

Culture of unfertilized ovules in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) could be induced to form parthenogenetic embryoids, endothelial embryoids and integumentary calli. Various factors exerted regulatory influences on the production of these structures. The key factors were exogenous hormone, sucrose concentration and cold-pretreatment. In hormone-free condition, parthenogenesis was promoted without any occurence of somatic embryoids or calli. Addition of exogenous hormone MCPA induced proliferation of sporophytic tissue and meanwhile, reduced the induction frequency of parthenogenesis. Relatively high sucrose level favored the Froduction of parthenogenetic embryoids. Reducing sucrose concentration favored the integumentary calli. The optimal sucrose concentration for endothelial embryoids was intermediate between them. Cold-pretreatment also played an effective role in promoting parthenogenesis and inhibiting integumentary calli. By combining these three factors, we were able to. work out a culture technique which significantly enhanced the inductionfrequency and growth. of parthenogenetic embryoids and completely eliminated somatic embryoids and calli.     

In Vitro Induction of Regeneration of Fruit-Like Structure in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

It is possible to induce in vitro regeneration of fruit-like structures from tissue pieces excised from young pistil and young fruit of Lycopersicon esculenturn Mill. These fruit-like structures could be cultured in vitro to maturation, meanwhile they became red coloured. Under dissection it was observed that the fruit-like structure consists of fruit flesh and fruit coats without seeds and plancentae. Tests of exogenous hormones and explant ages revealed: 1. Supplement with exogenous cytokinins alone could induce the explants excised from the pistils to regenerate the fruit-like structures, and the highest induced frequency (50%) was obtained when 0. 5 mg/L zeatin was supplemented. Exogenous auxin seems unnecessary. 2. When tissues of young fruit were used as explants, all explants excised from 4—12 mm (diameter) young fruits could be induced to differentiate the fruit-like structures on medium supplemented with exogenous hormones. However, the hightest frequency of induction (62.5%) was obtained only in tissues of explants excised from 8 mm (diameter) sized fruit and cultured on medium supplemented with 2 mg/L of 6-BAP and 1 mg/L of NAA where regermination of the fruit-like structures took place. In order to investigate the expression of cell totipotency arisen in the regeneration of the fruit-like structure a concept of partial expression of plant cell totipotency was proposed and discussed.     

In Vitro Culture of Different Explants from Hubei Photoperiod Sensitive Genic Male-Sterile Rice

Young panicles, immature embryos, stem nodes, stem tips, leaf segments, root tips and anthers from Hubei Photoperiod Sensitive Genie Male-Sterile Rice (Oryza sativa subsp, japonica) “Nongken 58” (abbr. 58s) and fertile “Nongken 58” (abbr. 58f) were examined for callus induction, plant regeneration and direct plantlet formation on differentiation medium. 58s and 58f had equal ability in all explants cultures except anther cultures. The induction frequency of the anther callus and the regeneration frequency of the green plant in 58s were much lower than those in 58f, and such differences were not affected markedly by the change of fertility of 58s donor plants. Young panicle, immature embryo, stem node, stem tips showed direct plantlet formation when cultured on differentiation medium containing NAA and kinetin. Different explants produced various types of responses. Young panicles could produce callus and then regenerate plantlets. Evidences from histological observation showed that the plant regeneration in direct plaatlet formation of young panicles were mainly organogenetic, bowever, somatic embryogenesis was also possible.     

猪卵母细胞的体外受精及多精受精

对用于猪体外受精(IVF)的研究方法和技术,如传统的液滴IVF、透明带下注射精子受精(SUZI)、卵母细胞质内单精注射受精(ICSI)及细管IVF等进行了简述。与其它动物相比,进行猪卵的体外受精研究,多精受精现象特别明显。大量的研究表明,猪卵的多精受精不但与其品种特性有关,而且与卵母细胞成熟的程度、透明带的异常、受精时获能精子的浓度、输卵管分泌物、受精液蛋白添加成分、NaHCO3浓度、咖啡因、pH值以及温度等因素密切相关。