cDNA-AFLP技术及其在植物基因表达研究中的应用

cDNA-AFLP技术是一种新的研究基因表达的技术,具有重复性好、稳定、可靠的特点,可对生物体转录组进行全面、系统的分析,广泛应用于基因表达特性研究、植物遗传标记分析和分离植物基因等方面.近年来随着技术的不断进步,设备的不断改进,许多新的研究方法不断的产生,该技术取得了迅速的发展.本文就cDNA-AFLP技术的原理、技术特点及其在植物基因表达研究中的应用进行了综述.     

盐生植物耐盐分子机制的研究进展

盐生植物是研究植物耐盐分子机制和分离耐盐基因的良好材料,可以反映植物对盐胁迫的适应策略。综述盐生植物响应盐胁迫的转录因子、渗透平衡调节、离子平衡调节、氧化还原平衡调节、光合作用调节及代谢变化,反映盐生植物在多个方面适应盐胁迫的策略。此外,还对盐生植物耐盐分子机制的研究前景作了展望。     

cDNA-AFLP技术原理及其在研究植物基因差异表达中的应用

cDNA-AFLP是一种在转录水平研究基因表达的技术,因其具有灵敏度高,重复性好的特点,已经被广泛用于基因研究。介绍了cDNA-AFLP的原理和反应影响因素,并概述了其在分离和筛选植物差异表达基因研究中的应用？     

红梨PybHLH基因过表达提高烟草NaCl抗性的研究

为探究过表达云南红梨bHLH转录因子对烟草抗盐性的影响,从红梨红色果皮中分离了bHLH转录因子基因PybHLH.亚细胞定位表明PybHLH蛋白定位于细胞核.以转基因PybHLH烟草和野生型烟草为材料,进行了NaCl胁迫对转基因PybHLH烟草生理生化影响研究及其相关酶基因的表达分析.表明PybHLH转基因烟草具有一定的耐盐性,一方面表现为随着盐胁迫时间延长,PybHLH转基因烟草中总可溶性糖、可溶性总蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量的增加,H2O2含量降低;另一方面表现为脯氨酸生物合成关键酶基因P5CS、抗氧化相关基因MnSOD、CuZn-SOD和POD、胁迫相关基因HSP和HSP cherpron和ABA抗盐信号途径基因NAC等均呈上调表达趋势.PybHLH的过表达提高了烟草的耐盐性,这将为进一步研究植物的耐盐机制及耐盐植物新品种的开发奠定基础.     

植物耐盐性的分子生物学研究进展

研究证明了植物的耐盐机制十分复杂,安与植物的小分子物质的积累,离子摄入和区域化,以及基因表达和大分子蛋白质的合成有关,如调渗蛋白、通道蛋白、晚期胚胎发生富集蛋白。同时,利用克隆技术分离到了一些盐诱导基因。现将这部分工作做一综述。     

盐藻线粒体GIY-YIG族归巢内切酶基因受到盐胁迫时增强转录

盐藻 (Dunaliellasalina (Chlorophyta) )极强的耐盐能力使之成为研究植物耐盐分子机制的重要模式生物 .在前期分离到的一个盐藻基因片段在盐胁迫时增强表达的基础上 ,通过RACE获得了该基因 5′端cDNA序列及部分 3′端cDNA序列 .序列分析结果表明 ,该基因是一个编码线粒体GIY YIG族归巢内切酶的Ⅰ型内含子基因 .RNase freeDNase处理及Northern杂交结果表明 ,盐藻线粒体DNA在盐处理组中可能发生了扩增 .这些结果结合前人的研究成果说明 ,该内含子基因的增强表达可能并非盐藻对抗盐胁迫的一种手段 ,而是盐藻对抗盐胁迫的副产品 .被该内含子基因插入的基因是盐藻对抗盐胁迫所需要增强表达的 .线粒体DNA的扩增可能是细胞在受到盐胁迫时线粒体数量增加的结果     

嗜盐菌耐盐机制相关基因的研究进展

嗜盐微生物能够在高盐环境中生存,其耐盐机制一直是微生物学家研究的热点。目前嗜盐微生物耐盐机制的研究主要集中在细胞吸K+排Na+作用、胞内积累小分子相容性溶质及嗜盐酶的氨基酸组成特性三个方面。文章从基因水平综述了嗜盐菌的耐盐机制,并对其在高盐废水处理上的应用进行讨论与展望。     

植物耐盐相关基因克隆的研究进展

随着植物分子生物学快速发展,植物耐盐性研究已深入到耐盐相关基因的克隆、基因的结构分析以及基因表达特性等领域.目前,耐盐相关基因的克隆工作进行的如火如荼,有很多植物的耐盐基因已经被克隆,这些已克隆的耐盐相关基因涉及盐胁迫信号传导、基因表达的调控因子、渗透调节物质、胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白LEA(Late-embryogensiS-abundant)等,本文就盐胁迫涉及的信号传导基因、基因表达调控因子等的克隆研究进展作一简要概述.     

cDNA-AFLP和cDNA-SRAP技术在植物基因差异表达上的应用及其分析比较

对cDNA-AFLP和cDNA-SRAP技术在植物上的应用研究进行了介绍,指出cDNA-AFLP和cDNA-SRAP技术已逐渐成为基因表达研究的重要工具,是构建转录图谱、定位目标性状位点、研究差异基因表达等研究的主要手段,具有广泛广阔的应用前景.但是cDNA-AFLP和cDNA-SRAP技术均具有一定的缺限,主要表现在获得的差异片段还不够全面丰富.cDNA-AFLP可以扩增到扩增较多的带,但试验程序比较繁琐、昂贵而且耗时较长、操作较困难;而cDNA-SRAP相对比较简便、便宜而耗时较短,较易操作.因而将cDNA-AFLP与cDNA-SRAP技术结合起来,可望得到更全面丰富的差异片段,从而在植物基因差异表达、新基因发现、抗逆性分子机理研究等方面发挥更大的作用.     

宏基因组学应用于耐盐酶类及耐盐基因研究的进展

耐盐酶在高盐浓度下仍具备催化活性和稳定性,在高盐食品和海产品加工、洗涤及其它高盐环境生物技术领域被广泛应用;耐盐基因在高盐条件下可以使微生物维持正常功能,获取并研究不同环境中的耐盐基因对揭示微生物的耐盐机制,以及实现其在高盐环境中的定向应用具有的重要意义。宏基因组学避开纯培养技术探知微生物的多样性及其功能,为我们提供了一种发现新基因、开发新的微生物活性物质和研究微生物群落结构及其功能的新技术。文中结合本课题组的研究工作,综述了利用宏基因组学获取耐盐酶类及耐盐基因的策略,同时着重介绍利用宏基因组学从海洋、土壤、胃肠道等环境中获取耐盐酶类及耐盐基因的研究。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.