膜壳绦虫属二新种(绦虫纲:圆叶目:膜壳科)

本文记述膜壳科膜壳属绦虫二新种,即卷尾膜壳绦虫Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｌｅｐｉｓ ｃｈｉｂｉａｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和三宝鸟膜壳绦虫Ｈ．ａｂｕｎｄｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．卷尾膜壳绦虫标本采自福州的黑发冠卷属Ｃｈｉｂｉａ Ｈｏｔｔｅｎｔｏｔｔａ Ｂｒｅｖｉｒｏｓｔｒｉｓ;三宝鸟膜壳绦虫标本采自福州的三宝鸟Ｅｕｒｙｓｔ９ｏｍｕｓ ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ ａｂｕｎｄｕｓ均为肠道寄生虫。     

桐柏——大别造山带苏家河群早奥陶世微体化石及其意义

根据发现的几丁虫Ｃｏｎｏｃｈｉｔｉｎａｓｐ．,Ｃ．？ｓｐ．,Ｄｅｓｍｏｃｈｉｔｉｎａｓｐ．,Ｄ．ｂｒｅｃｈｙｔａ,Ｌａｇｅｎｏｃｈｉｔｉ－ｎａｃｆ．ｏｂｅｌｉｇｉｓ,Ｌ．ｃｆ．ｅｓｔｈｏｎｉｃａ,Ｒｈａｂｄｏｃｈｉｔｉｎａｓｐ．,Ｃａｌｐｉｃｈｉｔｉｎａ？ｓｐ．和疑源类Ｌｏｐｈｏｓｐｈａｅｒｉ－ｄｉｕｍｓｐ．,Ｌｅｉｏｓｐｈａｅｒｉｄｉａｓｐｐ．,Ｍｉｃｒｈｙｔｒｉｄｉｕｍｓｐ．,？Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｄｉａｅｒｏｄｉｕｍｓｐ．,Ｂａｌｔｉｓｐｈａｅｒｉ－ｄｉｕｍｓｐｐ．等微体化石确定河南信阳西双河地区苏家河群浒湾组为早奥陶世。它是桐柏－大别造山带（河南部分）第一次发现的有可靠古生物证据的奥陶纪地层。同时为该造山带区域地层序列的建立积累了资料,并为与秦岭造山带的衔接提供了新线索。此外还指出浒湾组的几丁虫生物群属于华南古生物地理区。     

贵州省悬钩子属种质资源考察

对贵州省东北、东南、西南和西北４个地区悬钩子属（ＲｕｂｒｓＬ．）野生种类的分布、生长习性等进行了调查。共采集５５种７个变种,其中Ｒ．ｇｒａｙａｎｕｓ,Ｒ．ｍａｌｌｏｔｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ,Ｒ．ｔｓａｎｇｖｒｕｓ,Ｒ．ｆａｂｅｒｉ,Ｒ．ｈｅｎｒｙｉ为贵州省新记录种。Ｒ．ｓｅｔｃｈｕｅｎｅｎｓｉｓＲ．ｃｏｒｅａｎｕｓ,Ｒ．ｃｏｒｃｈｏｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ,Ｒ．ｌａｍｂｅｒｔｉａｎｕｓ,Ｒ．ｎｉｖｅｕｓ,Ｒ．ｍｕｌｌｉｂｒａｃｔｅａｔｕｓ,Ｒ．ｔｅｐｈｒｏｄｅｓ分布最广。除Ｒ．ｓｅｔｃｈｕｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｒ．ｔｅｐｈｒｏｄｅｓ外均有驯化利用价值。调查发现,具红、黄、黑三种不同果色的插田泡,秋季结果的小柱悬钩子、红泡刺藤和大乌泡。基本查清了贵州省悬钩子属植物的种类和分布,为进一步引种、保存和发掘利用提供科学依据。     

内蒙古西拉木伦河北部蛇绿岩带中二叠纪放射虫的发现及其地质意义

内蒙古西拉木伦河北部杏树洼蛇绿岩带硅质岩中首次发现放射虫１１属９种１相似种４末定种及伴生的１个台型牙形类Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａｓｐ．,这些化石常见于日本西南部,北美西部Ｏｒｅｇｏｎ,Ｎｅｖａｄａ等地区,菲律宾巴拉望,泰国东南部,中国广西钦州地区和云南西部孟连地区中二叠世Ｇｕａｄａｌｕｐｉａｎ期地层中,它们属于Ｆｏｌｌｉｃｕｃｕｌｌｕｓｓｃｈｏｌａｓｔｉｃｕｓ－Ｆｏ．ｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｏｓｕｓ带。     

中国发现从始祖鸟到反鸟的重要缺失环节

最近在中国辽宁省北票地区中生代义县组地层中又发现了迄今最为原始的反鸟──始反鸟（Ｅｏｅｎａｎｔｉｏｒｎｉｓ ｂｕｈｌｅｒｉ ｇｅｎ． ｅｔ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．）。在系统进化上,这一具有牙齿的反鸟介于始祖鸟和华夏鸟（Ｃａｔｈａｙｏｒｎｉｓ）之间,后者也产于中国的同一地区的早白垩世九佛常组中。这种过渡或转变突出地表现在其肩带上．新属与其他鸟类的牙齿具有共同的特征,这也说明该种齿型和其独特的植入和替换方式是所有已知中生代具牙齿鸟类的共同特征。该鸟小于始祖鸟和孔子鸟,但大于早白垩世的反鸟类。这表明在反鸟类的早期演化中,向小个体方向演化趋势所起的重要作用。     

黑龙江绥滨地区中侏罗世晚期绥滨组沟鞭藻类的发现

本文对首次发现在黑龙江东部西三江地区绥滨５１孔绥滨组中部的海相沟鞭藻类进行了初步研究,描述化石１３属１７种,其中含３新种Ｐａｒｅｏｄｉｎｉａｓｕｉｂｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｄｉｃｏｎｏｄｉｎｉｕｍｅｌｉｐｔｉｃｕｍｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｌｅｐｔｏｄｉｎｉｕｍｓｏｎｇｈｕａｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;认为以Ｐａｒｅｏｄｉｎｉａｃｅｒａｔｏｐｈｏｒａ,Ｎａｎｎｏｃｅｒａｔｏｐｓｉｓｐｅｌｕｃｉｄａ,Ｃｈｙｔｒｏｅｉｓｐｈａｅｒｉｄｉａｓｃａｂｒａｔａ等优势种为代表的沟鞭藻组合的地质时代应为Ｃａｌｏｖｉａｎ期,很可能为Ｃａｌｏｖｉａｎ中晚期。     

原举腹蜂科(昆虫纲膜翅目)化石在我国的发现及意义

描述了自产辽宁北票上园地区黄半吉沟上侏罗统义县组下部膜翅目昆虫化石１新属新种Ｓｉｎｏｗｅｓｔｒａｔｉａ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔａ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,归入原举腹蜂科（Ｐｒａｅａｕｌａｃｉｄａｅ）中的白垩细腹蜂亚科（Ｃｒｅｔｏｃｌｅｉｓｔｏｇａｓｔｒｉｎａｅ）。这是原举腹蜂科在我国的首次发现,也是白垩细腹蜂亚科在晚株罗世的首次报道。新化石的发现表明（Ｃｒｅｔｏｃｌｅｉｓｔｏｇａｓｔｒｉｎａｅ     

云南文山早泥盆世盔甲鱼类的新发现

描述了采自云南东南部文山地区下泥盆统坡松冲组下部的无颌类化石,建立了盔甲鱼类的一新属、新种──纸厂文山鱼(Ｗｅｎｓｈａｍｐｉｓ ｚｈｉｃｈａｎｇｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．),同时修订了两个盔甲鱼类的旧属、旧种──长吻三歧鱼(Ｓａｎｑｉａｐｉｓ ｒｏｓｔｒａｔａ)及长角大窗鱼(Ｍａｃｒｏｔｈｙｒａｓｐｉｓｌｏｎｇｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ)。迄今为止,长吻三歧鱼仅在四川江油雁门坝的平驿铺组中部发现并记述过,长角大窗鱼也仅有一件采自云南广南坡松冲组中的正型标本,而纸厂文山鱼为滇东南文山地区首次记述的多鳃鱼类新属种,它与滇东北昭通地区下泥盆统坡松冲组中的让氏昭通鱼(Ｚｈａｏ－ｔｏｎｇａｓｉｓ ｊａｎｖｉｅｒｉ)最为相似。此次这三个盔甲鱼类属种在滇东南文山地区的发现,为该区下泥盆统的横向对比提供了重要的古鱼类学方面的证据。     

昆明附近早寒武世遗迹化石

报道了昆明地区下寒武统筇竹寺组玉案山段和沧浪铺组乌龙箐段所发现的遗迹化石共１３属１５种，其中１新属６新种为：ＱｉｐａｎｓｈａｎｉｃｈｎｕｓｇｙｒｕｓＬｕｏｅｔＴａｏｉｃｈｎｏｇｅｎ．ｅｔｉｃｈｎｏｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，ＡｒｔｈｒｏｐｈｙｃｕｓｑｉｏｎｇｚｈｕｓｉｅｎｓｉｓＬｕｏｉｃｈｎｏｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，ＢｉｆｕｎｇｉｔｅｓｋｕｎｙａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＬｕｏｉｃｈｎｏｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，ＣｒｕｚｉａｎａｂｅｉｆｅｎｇｗａｎｅｎｓｉｓＬｕｏｅｔＧａｏｉｃｈｎｏｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，ＰａｌａｅｏｐｈｙｃｕｓｂｅｉｆｅｎｇｗａｎｅｎｓｉｓＬｕｏｉｃｈｎｏｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，ＡｒｃｈａｅｉｃｈｎｉｕｍｋｕｎｍｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＬｕｏｉｃｈｎｏｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。这些遗迹化石均产于开阔台地相潮下带的低能环境，为浅海相的Ｇｒｕｚｉａｎａ遗迹相。     

北祁连走廊区早中石炭世网状脉之蕨类的发现及意义

报道了甘肃北祁连走廊区早中石炭世的沉积特征。该地层中发现的大量具网状脉的蕨类化石,计有网羊齿１３ 种、矛羊齿２ 种和杂羊齿１ 种。并对其中的Ｌｉｎｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ ｍ ｕｓｔｅｒｉｉ、Ｌ．ｏｂｌｉｑｕａ、Ｌ．ｐｓｅｕｄｏｎｅｕ－ｒｏｐｔｅｒｏｉｄｅｓｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．、Ｌ．ｏｖａｌｉｓｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．、Ｌ．ｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、Ｌ．ｖａｒｉｕｍ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．、Ｌｏｎｃｈｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔｕｓｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．、Ｌ． ｃｒａｓｓｉｎｅｒｖｉｓｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．和Ｐａｌａｅｏｗ ｅｉｃｈｓｅｌｉａ ｙｕａｎｉｉ等９ 种进行了描述。这一地区早中石炭世植物区似应属欧美植物区,但欧美植物区系的某些重要分子在我国这一地区的出现,要比欧美和前苏联更来得早一些,这对前人关于上述构成欧美植物区系的３ 个具网状脉蕨类的主要属起源于西欧或前苏联的看法提出了异议。并进一步提出,我国的华夏植物群不应从欧美植物区划出,而是继我国西北地区具地方色彩的晚泥盆纪植物群后发展起来的,其通道即为北祁连走廊     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.