重组巴氏毕赤酵母恒化培养动力学及代谢迁移特性研究

通过对甲醇营养型毕赤酵母基因工程菌以碳源甘油为限制性基质进行恒化培养动力学试验 ,结果认为 :(1 )细胞光密度与其干、湿重呈线性关系 ,当细胞光密度 (OD60 0 )为 1 0 0时细胞湿重 (WCW)为 1 2 8 3g L ,细胞干重 (WDW)则为 2 2 9g L ;(2 )基因工程菌P .pastoris的生长与限制性基质甘油残留浓度的关系符合Monod关系式 ,通过 1 μ对 1 S进行线性回归得 μmax=0 .366h- 1,Ks=0 .1 82 3g L ,经参数推导甘油最大菌体得率系数YG =0 .54g g ,菌体维持生长消耗底物系数m =0 .0 0 69g (g·h) ;氧最大菌体系数YX O2 =30 .96g moL ,菌体维持生长时消耗氧系数mO2 =0 .0 0 0 8mol (g·h) ,最适理论稀释速率Dm =0 .341h- 1;(3)从氨水的消耗速率和呼吸商 (RQ)的变化认为随着比生长速率 (μ)的增大 ,甘油代谢流从糖原异生和磷酸戊糖途径线性地向糖酵解和三羧酸循环途径进行代谢迁移 ,即糖酵解和三羧酸循环途径的代谢流量在线性地增大     

Optimisation of culture conditions with respect to biotin requirement for the production of recombinant avidin in Pichia pastoris

Due to its very high affinity to biotin, avidin is one of the most widely exploited proteins in modern biotechnological and biomedical applications. Since biotin is an essential vitamin for the growth of many microorganisms, we examined the effect of biotin deficiency on growth for a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain expressing and secreting a recombinant glycosylated avidin. The results showed that biotin deficiency lowers growth rate and biomass yield for P. pastoris. Substitution of biotin in the medium by the two structurally unrelated compounds, aspartic acid and oleic acid, which do not bind to recombinant avidin was analyzed quantitatively. These two compounds had a growth promoting effect in biotin-deficient medium, but did not replace biotin completely. Indeed, in chemostat culture, wash-out occurred after about six liquid residence times and recombinant avidin productivity was lowered. However, addition of low amounts of biotin (20 microg L(-1) of biotin for a cell density of 8 g L(-1)) resulted in stable chemostat cultures on methanol with the production of recombinant biotin-free avidin. The specific avidin production rate was 22 microg g(-1) h(-1) at a dilution rate of 0.06 h(-1).     

高密度发酵P.pastoris诱导表达egⅡ基因

用套叠PCR法扩增里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)的葡聚糖内切酶II(egⅡ)基因.扩增基因经EcoR I和Not I双酶切后克隆进P.pastoris表达载体pPIC9k,获得重组表达质粒pPIC9K-egⅡ.通过电转法将egⅡ基因重组于P.pastoris基因组,筛选高G418抗性的转化子作为工程菌...     

黑曲霉阿魏酸酯酶在毕赤酵母中的组成型表达

【目的】实现黑曲霉来源的阿魏酸酯酶在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris GS115)中的组成型表达。【方法】以黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)基因组为模板,经重叠延伸PCR扩增得到阿魏酸酯酶基因(AnfaeA),将其与载体pGAP9K相连,构建重组表达载体p GAP9KAnfae A,经SalI线性化后电转入毕赤酵母GS115中,得到重组菌株。高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中阿魏酸酯酶活力,并对重组菌进行了发酵优化。【结果】克隆得到783 bp的阿魏酸酯酶编码基因并实现了其在毕赤酵母中的组成型表达。重组菌发酵84 h后,上清液中酶活达5.72±0.10 U/m L。重组酶(reAnfaeA)经分离纯化后比酶活为59.75 U/mg,大小约为40 k D。发酵优化结果为:葡萄糖40.0 g/L,蛋白胨10.0 g/L,酵母膏30.0 g/L,CaCO_3 0.2 g/L,种龄28 h,接种量3%(体积比),装液量50 m L/250 m L。在此条件下发酵培养,酶活达15.60±0.23 U/m L。【结论】阿魏酸酯酶在毕赤酵母中的组成型表达,对研究毕赤酵母组成型表达系统和阿魏酸酯酶的发酵生产具有一定的借鉴意义。     

重组人干扰素ω在对数生长期毕赤酵母中的高效表达特性研究

用不同比生长速率μ的毕赤酵母探讨其表达外源重组蛋白的差异性,通过起始pH值、甲醇诱导浓度和周期、菌体浓度、装液量等实验,优化具有较高μ的对数生长期毕赤酵母表达rhIFNω的摇瓶条件。结果表明,μ对毕赤酵母表达rhIFNω有显著影响。μ为0.1612h-1的毕赤酵母表达rhIFNω最高为558mg/L,较μ为0.1321、0.0505和0.0052h-1的毕赤酵母分别提高50%、68%和99%。对数生长期的毕赤酵母表达rhIFNω的最适摇瓶表达条件为:250mL摇瓶装入30mL BMMY,控制菌体浓度达到200~300g/L(WCW),起始pH值自然,每24h添加甲醇15g/L一次,诱导表达周期为4d。通过表达条件的优化,rhIFNω的表达量达到1070mg/L,较优化前提高149%。     

Construction of intein-mediated hGMCSF expression vector and its purification in Pichia pastoris

As a novel attempt for the intracellular recombinant protein over expression and easy purification from Pichia pastoris, the therapeutic cytokine human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGMCSF) gene was fused to an intein-chitin-binding domain (gene from pTYB11 vector) fusion tag by overlap extension PCR and inserted into pPICZB vector, allowing for the purification of a native recombinant protein without the need for enzymatic cleavage. The fusion protein under the AOX1 promoter was integrated into the P. pastoris genome (SMD 1168) and the recombinant Pichia clones were screened for multicopy integrants. Expression of hGMCSF was done using glycerol and methanol based synthetic medium by three stage cultivation in a bioreactor. Purification of the expressed hGMCSF fusion protein was done after cell disruption and binding of the solubilized fusion protein to chitin affinity column, followed by DTT induced on column cleavage of hGMCSF from the intein tag. In this study, final biomass of 89 g dry cell weight/l and purified hGMCSF of 120 mg/l having a specific activity of 0.657 x 10(7) IU/mg was obtained. This strategy has an edge over the other--His or--GST based fusion protein purification where non-specific protein binding, expensive enzymatic cleavage and further purification of the enzyme is required. It distinguishes itself from all other purification systems by its ability to purify, in a single chromatographic step.     

红色诺卡菌固体培养基配方的优化

应用响应面优化设计法优化固体培养基配方,增大红色诺卡菌的固体培养细胞生物量。首先用Plackett-Burman法从现有培养基组分中找到影响红色诺卡菌细胞生物量的关键因素,再通过最陡爬坡法确定细胞生物量最大的配方,用作中心组合设计(Central Composite Design, CCD)实验的基础起始值,拟合数学模型方程,最后找到最优组分的组合。优化的配方转移至企业实施放大实验,对结果进行验证和比较。试验结果表明,培养基各组分中影响红色诺卡菌细胞生物量的关键因素为蛋白胨、NaCl、牛肉膏;最优固体培养基配方:蛋白胨42 g/L、牛肉膏8 g/L、NaCl 1.2 g/L、甘油10 mL/L、Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O 0.3 g/L、琼脂20 g/L。在细胞生物量方面最优固体培养基配方比原配方高104%。响应面优化设计可用于提高红色诺卡菌细胞生物量固体培养基的优化,也为红色诺卡菌培养条件、液体发酵的优化研究提供参考。     

以葡萄糖为生长相基质的重组毕赤酵母表达植酸酶发酵

甲醇营养型毕赤酵母表达外源蛋白是在醇氧化酶（alcohol oxidase,AOX）启动子（PAOXI）严格调控下进行的,然而这种启动子在转录水平受到葡萄糖的阻遏。本文研究了毕赤酵母在葡萄糖替代甘油为生长相碳源时表达重组植酸酶蛋白的发酵特征。结果表明：初始葡萄糖浓度为20dL的细胞得率高,为0．39g[DCW]／g。通过基于实时参数（溶氧和呼吸商）调控的葡萄糖补料策略,生长相40h后细胞密度达到100g[DCW]／L,甲醇诱导100h后植酸酶产量达到2200FTUphytase／mL,甲醇得率系数为0．25FTU phytase／gmethnol。因此,在毕赤酵母高表达重组蛋白培养中葡萄糖能够用作生长相基质,并能实现重组蛋白的高效表达。     

Application of medium optimization tools for improving recombinant human interferon gamma production from Kluyveromyces lactis

The present study is focused upon improving biomass of Kluyveromyces lactis cells expressing recombinant human interferon gamma (hIFN-γ), with the aim of augmenting hIFN-γ concentration using statistical and artificial intelligence approach. Optimization of medium components viz., lactose, yeast extract, and trace elements were performed with Box–Behnken design (BBD) and artificial neural network linked genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) for maximizing biomass of recombinant K. lactis (objective function). The studies resulted over 1.5-fold improvement in the biomass concentration in a medium composed of 80?g/L lactose, 10.353?g/L yeast extract, and 15?mL/L trace elements as compared with initial biomass value. In the same study hIFN-γ concentration reached 881?µg/L which was 2.28-fold higher as compared with initial hIFN-γ concentration obtained in unoptimized medium. Further the batch fermentation study displayed mixed growth associated kinetics with the maximum hIFN-γ production rate of 1.1?mg/L. BBD and ANN-GA, both optimization techniques predicted a higher lactose concentration was clearly beneficial for augmenting K. lactis biomass which in turn increased hIFN-γ concentration.     

用GAP启动子在Pichia pastoris GS115中组成型表达鼠灰链霉菌腺苷酸脱氨酶

【目的】构建产AMP脱氨酶的重组毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris GS115)菌株,并初步优化其发酵条件。【方法】以鼠灰链霉菌(Streptomyces murinus)基因组为模板PCR扩增获得腺苷酸脱氨酶基因AMPD,以pGAP9K为载体构建重组表达质粒pGAP9K-AMPD并通过电转化法转入Pichia pastoris GS115,筛选转化子对其酶活进行测定,并初步优化其发酵条件。【结果】构建了毕赤酵母重组菌,通过分光光度法测定,显示重组菌有明显的酶活;初步优化发酵条件为:该重组菌最适发酵培养基为:甘油2%,蛋白胨2%,酵母膏1%,KH2PO40.5%,MgSO4·7H2O0.05%,pH 6.0;发酵条件为:接种龄24 h,转接量3%,30°C﹑200 r/min培养96 h,取发酵上清液测定酶活,重组菌腺苷酸脱氨酶酶活达到2 230±60 U/mL。【结论】构建了一株产AMP脱氨酶活性较高的重组毕赤酵母菌株,并通过优化发酵条件使其酶活达到2 230±60 U/mL。为AMP脱氨酶工业化生产奠定了一定的基础。     

碱性果胶酶在重组毕赤酵母中高效表达的关键因素研究

为提高重组毕赤酵母生产碱性果胶酶的产量和生产强度,在摇瓶条件下优化了重组毕赤酵母生产碱性果胶酶的关键因素。结果表明,以下条件：初始甘油浓度40g／L、初始甲醇浓度3.1g甲醇／gDCW、每24h添加0.51g甲醇／gDCW、诱导表达周期72h、250mL三角瓶诱导培养基装液量30mL、初始pH6,0,最适于菌体生长与产物表达。在此基础上,7L罐上通过恒速流加甘油进一步提高细胞密度,诱导阶段甲醇采取前期恒速流加和后期DO-stat,发酵结束菌体干重达80g／L,酶活为217U／mL,比摇瓶结果提高了66.2％。     

碱性果胶酶在重组毕赤酵母中高效表达的关键因素研究

为提高重组毕赤酵母生产碱性果胶酶的产量和生产强度, 在摇瓶条件下优化了重组毕赤酵母生产碱性果胶酶的关键因素。结果表明, 以下条件：初始甘油浓度40 g/L、初始甲醇浓度3.1 g甲醇/g DCW、每24 h添加0.51 g甲醇/g DCW、诱导表达周期72 h、250 mL三角瓶诱导培养基装液量30 mL、初始pH 6.0, 最适于菌体生长与产物表达。在此基础上, 7 L罐上通过恒速流加甘油进一步提高细胞密度, 诱导阶段甲醇采取前期恒速流加和后期DO-stat, 发酵结束菌体干重达80 g/L, 酶活为217 U/mL, 比摇瓶结果提高了66.2%。     

Cell bank characterization and fermentation optimization for production of recombinant heavy chain C-terminal fragment of botulinum neurotoxin serotype E (rBoNTE(H(c)): antigen E) by Pichia pastoris

A process was developed for production of a candidate vaccine antigen, recombinant C-terminal heavy chain fragment of the botulinum neurotoxin serotype E, rBoNTE(H(c)) in Pichia pastoris. P. pastoris strain GS115 was transformed with the rBoNTE(H(c)) gene inserted into pHILD4 Escherichia coli-P. pastoris shuttle plasmid. The clone was characterized for genetic stability, copy number, and BoNTE(H(c)) sequence. Expression of rBoNTE(H(c)) from the Mut(+) HIS4 clone was confirmed in the shake-flask, prior to developing a fed-batch fermentation process at 5 and 19 L scale. The fermentation process consists of a glycerol growth phase in batch and fed-batch mode using a defined medium followed by a glycerol/methanol transition phase for adaptation to growth on methanol and a methanol induction phase resulting in the production of rBoNTE(H(c)). Specific growth rate, ratio of growth to induction phase, and time of induction were critical for optimal rBoNTE(H(c)) production and minimal proteolytic degradation. A computer-controlled exponential growth model was used for process automation and off-gas analysis was used for process monitoring. The optimized process had an induction time of 9 h on methanol and produced up to 3 mg of rBoNTE(H(c)) per gram wet cell mass as determined by HPLC and Western blot analysis.     

重组毕赤酵母生产β-葡萄糖苷酶发酵条件初步研究

为提高重组毕赤酵母(P.pastoris KM71/pPIC9K-bgl)生产β-葡萄糖苷酶的产量,在摇瓶条件下对重组P.pastoris产β-葡萄糖苷酶的发酵过程进行了优化,得到最佳的条件:生长阶段甘油浓度为30 g/L,接种量为10%,诱导阶段甲醇的初浓度为4%,过程补加甲醇0.5%,诱导温度30℃,pH7.5,诱导周期120 h,酶活可达到245 U/mL。在此基础上,在3 L发酵罐上进行初步放大,流加甘油提高细胞密度至OD_(600)为170,开始流加甲醇诱导,最终BGL酶活达到1 175 U/mL。比摇瓶提高了4.8倍,为β-葡萄糖苷酶工业化生产打下了坚实的基础。     

Mixed feeds of glycerol and methanol can improve the performance of Pichia pastoris cultures: A quantitative study based on concentration gradients in transient continuous cultures

Transient continuous cultures constitute a means to speed up strain characterization, by avoiding the need for many time-consuming steady-state experiments. In this study, mixed substrate growth on glycerol and methanol of a Pichia pastoris strain expressing and secreting recombinant avidin was characterized quantitatively by performing a nutrient gradient with linear increase of the methanol fraction in the feed medium from 0.5 to 0.93 C-mol C-mol(-1) at a dilution rate of 0.06 h(-1). The influence of the methanol fraction in the feed medium on recombinant avidin productivity and on specific alcohol oxidase activity were also examined. Results showed that, compared with cultures on methanol as sole carbon source, the specific recombinant avidin production rate was the same provided the methanol fraction in the feed medium was higher than 0.6 C-mol C-mol(-1). The volumetric avidin production rate was even 1.1-fold higher with a methanol fraction in the feed medium of 0.62 C-mol C-mol(-1) as a result of the higher biomass yield on mixed substrate growth compared with methanol alone. Moreover, since heat production and oxygen uptake rates are lower during mixed substrate growth on glycerol and methanol, mixed substrate cultures present technical advantages for the performance of high cell density P. pastoris cultures. Results obtained in a high cell density fed-batch culture with a mixed feed of 0.65 C-mol C-mol(-1) methanol and 0.35 C-mol C-mol(-1) glycerol were in agreement with results obtained during the transient nutrient gradient.     

Optimization of bio-hydrogen production from biodiesel wastes by Klebsiella pneumoniae

Biodiesel wastes containing glycerol were utilized by Klebsiella pneumoniae DSM 2026 to produce hydrogen. The optimization of medium components was performed using both Plackett-Burman and uniform design methods. Using the Plackett-Burman design, glycerol, yeast extract, NH(4)Cl, KCl and CaCl2 were found to be the most important components, which were further investigated by uniform design and second-order polynomial stepwise regression analysis. The optimized medium containing 20.4 g.L(-1) glycerol, 5.7 g.L(-1) KCl, 13.8 g.L(-1) NH(4)Cl, 1.5 g.L(-1) CaCl(2) and 3.0 g.L(-1) yeast extract resulted in 5.0-fold increased level of hydrogen (57.6 mL/50 mL medium) production compared to initial level (11.6 mL/50 mL medium) after 24 h of fermentation The optimization of fermentation condition (pH, temperature and inoculum) was also conducted. When the strain grew in the optimized medium under optimal fermentation condition in a 5-L stirred tank bioreactor for batch production, hydrogen yield and production reached 0.53 mol/mol and 117.8 mmol/L, respectively. The maximum hydrogen evolution rate was 17.8 mmol/(L.h). Furthermore, 1,3-propanediol (6.7 g.L(-1)) was also obtained from the liquid medium as a by-product.     

Defined media optimization for growth of recombinant Escherichia coli X90

An optimized, defined minimal medium was developed to support balanced growth of Escherichia coli X90 harboring a recombinant plasmid. Foreign protein expression was repressed in these studies. A pulse injection technique was used to identify the growth responses to nutrients in a chemostat. Once the nutrients essential for growth had been identified, the yield coefficients for individual medium components. These yield coefficients were used to develop an optimized, glucose-limited defined minimal medium that supports balanced cell growth in chemostat culture. The biomass and substrate concentrations follow the Monod chemostat model. The maximum specific growth rate determined in a washout experiment is 0.87 h(-1) for this strain in the optimized medium. the glucose yield factor is 0.42 g DCW/g glucose and the maintenance coefficient is zero in the glucose-limited chemostat culture. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

毕赤酵母发酵产S-腺苷蛋氨酸的甘油-甲醇混合流加策略

在毕赤酵母发酵生产S-腺苷蛋氨酸(SAM)的诱导阶段,以不同甘油-甲醇比例的甘油-甲醇混合培养基进行诱导培养,结果表明以10%(w/v)甘油含量的甘油-甲醇混合培养基进行诱导培养时最有利于SAM的表达,SAM产量达6.09 g/L,比0%甘油含量条件下的SAM产量提高了20.4%。对诱导方式进行优化,先以100%甲醇诱导24 h,然后再连续流加10%(w/v)甘油含量的甘油-甲醇混合培养基,SAM产量可达7.94 g/L,在此基础上,进一步改进诱导方式,SAM产量得到进一步的提高,达到9.80 g/L。     

响应面-满意度函数优化重组大肠杆菌产NMN转移酶发酵条件

重组大肠杆菌Escherichaia coli能高效表达NMN转移酶,以此为出发菌株,以菌体生长量OD600和NMN转移酶的活力为响应值,对重组大肠杆菌产NMN转移酶的发酵条件进行优化.首先以Plackett-Burman实验设计优化筛选出3个主要影响因子:胰蛋白胨、甘油、MgSO4;随后以Box-Behnken中心组合设计建立上述3个因子对OD600和NMN转移酶活力水平的数学模型;最后通过满意度函数获得最佳发酵条件为:酵母粉30 g/L,胰蛋白胨10.5 g/L,甘油3.49 mL/L,MgSO40.45 g/L,K2 HPO440.5 g/L,KH2 PO46.0 g/L,NH4 Cl 1.5 g/L,NaCl 0.6 g/L,接种量1.5%,诱导时间12 h.在该优化条件下,菌体生长和产酶水平均获得了显著的提升.重组NMN转移酶的活力水平从8.85 U/mg提高到15.48 U/mg,菌体生长量OD600从4.85提高到6.01,提高幅度分别为74.92%和23.92%.     

High-level expression and stabilization of recombinant human chitinase produced in a continuous constitutive Pichia pastoris expression system

A continuous fermentation process has been developed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) with the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) promoter in order to produce large quantities of recombinant human chitinase (rh-chitinase) for preclinical studies as a potential high-dose antifungal drug. Expression levels of about 200 to 400 mg/L have been demonstrated in fed-batch fermentations using strains with either the traditional methanol-inducible or the constitutive GAP promoter. Proteolytic degradation of the enzyme was typically seen in fed-batch fermentations. Continuous production of the enzyme by P. pastoris with the GAP promoter was demonstrated in a 1.5-L working volume fermentor using either glucose or glycerol as the carbon source. The fermentation could be extended for >1 month with a steady-state protein concentration of approximately 300 mg/L. Cell densities were >400 g/L wet cell weight (WCW) (approximately 100 g/L dry cell weight [DCW]) at a dilution rate (D) of 0.83 day(-1) or 1.2 volume exchanges per day (VVD). No proteolytic degradation of the enzyme was seen in the continuous fermentation mode.