桃小食心虫蛾的趋光性

桃小食心虫Carposlna niponensis Walsingham属鳞翅目蛀果蛾科的一种夜间活动的小蛾。文献记载该蛾虽然为夜间活动,但无趋光性。我们在室内用五种单色光(350、375、405、383、333毫微米)对枕小食心虫进行测定。结果表明该蛾不仅对上述的单色光有反应,而且对350毫微米单色光的反应比较明显。室外的实验选择在不施农药又少人为干扰的枣林,设置4个诱虫光源(20瓦黑绿灯、20瓦黑蓝灯、20瓦黑橙灯和20瓦黑光灯管),每个光源彼此间隔50米。经两年田间诱虫试验结果表明,上述4种光源都能诱到该蛾,其中以20瓦黑绿双光灯管诱蛾量为多,经显著性测定,黑绿灯诱蛾量极显著。此外,光源与诱芯或光源加诱芯的联合诱蛾实验,同样表明黑绿灯最有效。经室内外的实验结果证明桃小食心虫蛾有趋光性。     

萘乙酸处理桉树插条后过氧化物酶活性及其同工酶变化与插条生根的关系研究

尾叶桉MLA无性系(简称MLA)为难生根植物,尾叶桉U₆无性系(简称U₆)和刚果12号桉W₅无性系(简称W₅)为相对易生根植物。MLA的插条内的过氧化物酶(POD)活性较U₆、W₅的高。用萘乙酸(NAA)处理桉树的插条后,在扦插生根的不同阶段,插条内的POD活性呈现规律性的变化。POD同工酶谱带也随生根的进程出现增多现象。本文讨论了过氧化物酶与桉树插条生根的关系。     

EFFECT OF MANIPULATION OF WATER AND NITROGEN SUPPLIES ON THE QUANTITATIVE PHENOLOGY OF LARREA TRIDENTATA (CREOSOTE BUSH) IN THE SONORAN DESERT OF CALIFORNIA

Two years of water and nitrogen augmentation experiments on Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) were carried out in a southern Californian warm desert wash plant community. Treatments consisted of control (C), water (W), water and soil nitrogen (W + SN), and soil nitrogen (SN). Quantitative phenological data and microclimatic measurements were collected prior to the onset of and during the growth period and treatments. Predawn and midday water potentials were lower in nonirrigated than irrigated individuals. Leaf conductance was higher in irrigated than in nonirrigated shrubs, with a maximum difference of 1 cm s^-1 observed in July 1984 under relatively low vapor pressure deficit conditions. Leaf production rates were significantly higher in the irrigated (W and W + SN) treatments than in the nonirrigated (C and SN) treatments in 1984. Addition of soil nitrogen caused no increased in vegetative growth rates in 1984. In 1985, a drier year, there was only minimal growth during the spring and summer growth periods in the nonirrigated treatments, while the W and W + SN treatments resulted in significantly higher leafand shoot growth rates. Growth rates in 1985 were significantly higher in the W + SN treatment than in the W treatment. Reproductive growth was higher in the nonirrigated than the irrigated treatments, with the lowest reproductive activity noted in the W treatment.     

ON THE ROLE OF THE CYTOSKELETON IN COCCOLITH MORPHOGENESIS: THE EFFECT OF CYTOSKELETON INHIBITORS1

The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) W. W. Hay et H. Mohler was cultured in natural seawater with the addition of either the microtubule‐inhibitor colchicine, the actin‐inhibitor cytochalasin B, or the photosynthesis inhibitor 3‐(3,4 dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethyl‐urea (DCMU). Additionally, E. huxleyi was cultured at different light intensities and temperatures. Growth rate was monitored, and coccolith morphology analyzed. While every treatment affected growth rate, the percentage of malformed coccoliths increased with colchicine, cytochalasin B, and at higher than optimal temperature. These results represent the first experimental evidence for the role of microtubules and actin microfilaments in coccolith morphogenesis.     

水稻谷蛋白是类似于豆球蛋白的蛋白质

水稻是我国的主要粮食作物,它的蛋白质含量为5—14%。在水稻种子蛋白质中,谷蛋白占80%,球蛋白占10%,醇溶蛋白占5%,清蛋白占5%。据报道,水稻种子清蛋白主要由分子量16800的亚基组成,球蛋白由10种不同分子量的亚基通过疏水交互作用相结合,谷蛋白由分子量38000、25000和16000三种亚基通过双硫键相结合:但是,Yamagata(1982)和作者(1983、1984、1986)的研究表明:水稻种子谷蛋白主要由分子量     

崂山麻栎林种群特征及生物量测定

用点四分法抽测崂山麻栎(Quercus acutissima)林,将获得的150个样点资料建立在通过群落郁闭度系数所反映的光照强度、土壤相对持水量、土壤肥力得分及碱解氮含量的四维空间上,构造了麻栎幼苗,灌木层,草本层及其优势种生物量预测方程;提出度量植物种群对资源选择性系数的新公式,并证明了它的实用性。本文详细探讨了林下优势种的选择性系数、生态位宽度和生态位重叠;指出影响麻栎幼苗生长及栎林群落生产量的限制因子;阐述了种类多样性和均匀度与环境间的关系。     

滇桐属系统位置的分支分析

本文以讨论系统位置有争议的滇桐属的归属问题,尝试在植物分类学中具体应用分支系统学原理和方法的可能性。作者认为近年来分支系统学中出现的一种倾向,即不再强调祖先和直接的谱系关系,而把分支图解仅仅作为一种归类手段,为本文提供了理论基础。通过对梧桐科和椴树科7个属15个性状状态的分支分析,建立了符合简约性原则的分支图解。分支图解表明,滇桐属与通常置于梧桐科的马克韦桐属具有较密切的关系,而它们与椴树科的关系比与梧桐科的关系更接近。结论支持把滇桐属作为椴树科成员的观点。     

THE SEPARATION OF NINE SPECIES OF THE IRIDACEAE BY PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY

Riley , H. P., and T. R. Bryant . (U. Kentucky, Lexington.) The separation of nine species of the Iridaceae by paper chromatography. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(2): 133–137, Illus. 1961.—Chromatograms were made from small pieces of the root tip of 9 species of 4 genera of the Iridaceae. Under ultraviolet light, the patterns of Watsonia ardernei and W. vanderspuyae were almost identical which suggests that they are closely related species. On the basis of chromatographic patterns, W. fourcadei apparently is not so closely related to them but is rather closely related to W. wilmaniae; W. pyramidata and W. wordsworthiana are less closely related to the other species. The patterns of Dietes grandiflora, Babiana bainesii and Sparaxis aureum are strikingly different from one another and from those of the species of Watsonia.     

818. WISTERIA FLORIBUNDA WITH THE TORTUOUS TALE OF THE JAPANESE WISTERIA WITH THE LONGEST RACEMES

The history of the Japanese Wisteria with the longest racemes is fully investigated, with a review of all the names applied to it. The name W. macrobotrys is shown to belong to a different cultivar group now widely grown under the names ‘Burford’, ‘Honko’ and ‘Hocker Edge’. The new combination W. floribunda f. multijuga (Van Houtte) J. Compton & G. Thijsse is made in order to establish long‐term nomenclatural stability. A lectotype is designated for the hybrid name W. × formosa Rehder.     

斑叶堇菜种宗性状变异式样的定量分析

斑叶堇菜与近缘种细距堇莱之间有许多过渡类型存在, 很难依据少数几个关键性特征对它们进行明确的划分。本文运用形象化散点图和柱状图的方法, 对从不同地点、不同居群收集的80份标本进行分析, 测量若干性状上的数量变异, 分析这些性状之间变异的相关程度, 结果表明:斑叶堇菜和细距堇菜各自应为独立的种, 支持W.Beck.1916年所作的成立细距堇菜的毛萼亚种的处理。     

Chitoporin from the Marine Bacterium Vibrio harveyi: PROBING THE ESSENTIAL ROLES OF TRP136 AT THE SURFACE OF THE CONSTRICTION ZONE*

VhChiP is a sugar-specific porin present in the outer membrane of the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi. VhChiP is responsible for the uptake of chitin oligosaccharides, with particular selectivity for chitohexaose. In this study, we employed electrophysiological and biochemical approaches to demonstrate that Trp¹³⁶, located at the mouth of the VhChiP pore, plays an essential role in controlling the channel''s ion conductivity, chitin affinity, and permeability. Kinetic analysis of sugar translocation obtained from single channel recordings indicated that the Trp¹³⁶ mutations W136A, W136D, W136R, and W136F considerably reduce the binding affinity of the protein channel for its best substrate, chitohexaose. Liposome swelling assays confirmed that the Trp¹³⁶ mutations decreased the rate of bulk chitohexaose permeation through the VhChiP channel. Notably, all of the mutants show increases in the off-rate for chitohexaose of up to 20-fold compared with that of the native channel. Furthermore, the cation/anion permeability ratio P_c/P_a is decreased in the W136R mutant and increased in the W136D mutant. This demonstrates that the negatively charged surface at the interior of the protein lumen preferentially attracts cationic species, leading to the cation selectivity of this trimeric channel.     

中国商陆属植物的校订

校订了我国商陆属植物,计有４种,Ｐｈｙｔｏｌａｃｃａ ｃｌａｖｉｇｅｒａ Ｗ．Ｗ．Ｓｍｉｔｈ是多雄蕊商陆的异名,Ｐｈ．ｈｕｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈａｎｄ．－Ｍａｚｚ和Ｐｈ．ｚｈｅｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｗ．Ｔ．Ｆａｎ是日本商陆的异名。Ｐｈ．ｅｓｑｕｉｒｏｌｉｉ Ｌｅｖｌ．不是本属植物,而是崖豆藤野桐（大戟科）。     

INFRARED SENSING OF THE UNDER-SNOW LAIRS OF THE RINGED SEAL

Airborne sensing of emitted infrared (IR) was tested as a means of detecting under-snow lairs of the ringed seal ( Phoca hispida ) in study areas in Resolute Passage, N.W.T. Lairs and regularly used large breathing holes could in some cases be detected by emitted IR from altitudes of up to 180 m. Lairs were more easily detected if they had thin roofs, and detectability was higher before sunrise, and under conditions of low wind, low ambient temperature and high cloud cover.     

正颤蚓的生长发育及繁殖生物学的研究

在实验室饲养的条件下,研究了正颤蚓在15℃、20℃、25℃水温的生长发育和繁殖过程。结果表明正颤蚓从其受精卵在蚓茧内发育,孵出生长到产卵,在15℃水温需100—123d,在20℃水温需70—90d,在25℃水温需48—64d。蚓自蚓茧内孵出后的165d生长期内,其15℃、20℃、25℃水温的体重生长回归方程分别是W=6.87/［1+136.48     

狗脊和里白植株浸出液化感作用的研究

蕨类植物狗脊和里白是浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林下草本层中的优势种类,在群落中具有较强的竞争能力和对某些植物的排斥作用。狗脊和里白植株浸出液对木荷、石栎、马尾松、青椆、苦槠、茅栗、檫木、油茶、被木、连蕊茶等10种供试植物的种子发芽、幼芽伸长生长和幼苗生长有不同程度的影响：狗脊浸出液对木荷、石栎、青椆、苦槠、棍木、连蕊茶的种子发芽无显著的影响,对茅栗、檫木、油茶的种子发芽和幼苗生长具有显著的抑制作用,对马尾松的种子发芽虽有抑制作用,但随着幼苗的生长进程而减弱至消失,对木荷的幼苗生长则略有促进作用。里白浸出液对大多数供试植物的种子发芽和幼苗生长均有抑制作用。这两种蕨类浸出液中的主要作用物质是烯醇类物质。     

大果木姜子的甘油三酯组成

采用光谱法和胰酯酶分解法对大果木姜子油酯中分得的结晶C—I组成进行了分析,结果表明C—I是由11种甘油三酯组成。其中2-位为月硅酸的甘油三酯占91.80％,1,3-位脂肪酸主要为癸酸和月桂酸,甘油三酯的组成中,CLC占62.24％,LLC占24.50％。     

按单叶叶面积估测法评估蒿柳（Salix viminalis L．）第一生长季整株叶面积

本文在蒿柳（ＳａｌｉｘｖｉｍｉｎａｌｉｓＬ．）单叶叶面积（ＡＬ）估测的基础上预测枝条水平上的叶面积．ＡＬ与叶特征度量叶长（Ｌ）、宽（Ｗ）、Ｌ２、Ｗ２、乘积（ＬＷ）,叶干重（ＷＬ）之间相关性分析表明,尽管大多数相关关系本质上为非线性,但线性（Ｙ＝ｂ×Ｘ）和非线性指数方程（Ｙ＝ｂ×Ｘｃ）均有较高的复相关系数ｒ２和较好的预测能力,且以ＬＷ最好。ＡＬ估测方程的建立必须考虑植物生长阶段、枝类型及叶片着生的相对高度的影响．椭圆和抛物面的组合能成功地拟合叶片形状,反映叶形变化和较准确的计算单叶面积．以主技基径Ｄ,枝长Ｈ,Ｄ２Ｈ以及主枝上的叶片数与基径的乘积（ＮＬ·Ｄ）为独立交量来估测主枝叶面积（Ａｐ）的非线性方程好于线性方程,但方程的估计精度因腋生枝的萌生而受影响．腋生枝数与主枝基径的乘积组合（ＮＳＳ·Ｄ）、腋生枝干重（ＷＳ）的非线性方程可用于估测胶生枝叶面积（Ａｓ）,枝水平上叶面积的估测方程都因植物生长阶段的不同而有差异．     

猪獾的生态研究

1984-1985年,作者在陕西省陇县关山林区研究了猪獾的生态,包括栖息地类型、生活习性、食性、繁殖、换毛、天敌和寄生虫。     

NEW LIGHT ON THE SCALING OF METABOLIC RATE WITH THE SIZE OF ALGAE

The scaling of metabolic rate with the size of algae has been discussed and researched at length. The observation that algae usually have exponents b in the equation R = a· W ^{− b} (where R is the specific growth rate, W is the organism [cell] biomass, and a and b are constants) equal to or higher than the value of −0.25 for many other organisms is generally related to resource-saturated (maximal) values of R. Recent work has shown that the exponent b for light-limited growth is more negative than −0.25. This was predicted from considerations of the package effect in photon absorption, as modulated by the volume-specific pigment content of the cells, and the photosynthetic unit size. Further work is needed to extrapolate these findings to fluctuating light environments. This minireview puts the recent work into a broader context and suggests how further work could quantify the roles of optical thickness and of spatial and temporal variations in the radiation field in determining metabolic rates.     

广义烙铁头属三种烙铁头的核型及分类地位初步探讨

报道３种烙铁头蛇的核型。其中,烙铁头２ｎ＝３６＝１６Ｍ（１４Ｖ＋２ＳＶ／Ｖ）＋２０ｍ,ＺＷ型性决定,Ｚ为Ｖ型,Ｗ为ＳＩ／ＳＶ型,Ｚ明显大于Ｗ;菜花烙铁头２居群２ｎ＝３６＝１６Ｍ（１４Ｖ＋２ＳＩ）＋２０ｍ,ＺＷ型性决定,Ｚ为Ｖ型,Ｗ为ＳＩ型,Ｚ明显大于Ｗ;云南竹叶青２ｎ＝３６＝１６Ｍ（１２Ｖ／ＳＶ＋２ＳＶ／ＳＩ＋２ＳＩ）＋２ｍ,无异型性染本,对３种的核型及烙铁头属已知核型进行了比较分析,并对云南竹叶