中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位站学术交流会在京召开

中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位站学术交流会已于1981年1月29日至2月3日在北京召开。参加这次会议的有中国科学院植物研究所、动物研究所、综合考察委员会及内蒙古大学等17个单位,42人。     

贵州省首次发现金花茶新种

1958年中国科学院植物研究所的曹子余,在贵州省册亨县山区海拔750米处,采到一种开黄色花朵的山茶科植物标本;1960年该所黔南队又在贵州省罗甸县山区,采到开黄色花朵的山茶科植物标本.这两张标本于1976年被误定为中越山茶(Camellia indochinensis Merr).1992年经有关学者查阅和研究了该所     

安徽省大农业考察简报

中国科学院植物研究所侯学煜教授应安微省科协、科委和农委邀请,于1980年10月5日至24日对安微省全省各自然区域进行了大农业考察。参加考察的除孙世洲外,还有安微省地理学会的韩也良、省植物学会的周翰儒、省林学会的吴诚和、省农业     

学术交流

应商业部南京野生植物综合利用研究所的邀请,美国纽约植物园经济植物研究所所长吉里安·T·普蓝士博士于1986年11月18日～12月14日来南京野生植物所,进行有关“野生经济植物利用”方面的学术交流。普蓝士博士在南京野生植物所访问交流期间,两方探讨了今后进一步加强技术合作和人才培养等事项。此外,普蓝士还应邀赴广西、杭州、北京考察野生植物资源,并商讨对野生植物资源的共同开发和研究。     

农业院校植物生理生化考察组赴美考察报告

由农牧渔业部组织的植物生理生化教学科研考察组于1984年8月10日至10月1日,对美国一些地区植物生理和生物化学的教学、科研、研究生培养以及实验室建设等方面进行了考察。共访问了六个州的十二个高等院校和科研单位。其中高等学校有加里福尼亚大学伯克利总校及戴维斯分校;华盛顿州立大学,爱达荷大学;明尼苏达大学,康乃尔大学及马里兰大学。科研单位有ARCO植物细胞研究中心(加州);生物化学研究所(华盛顿州立大学内设立);Boyce thompson研究所(纽约州康乃尔大学内设立);生物技术研究所(同前);环境研究中心(马里兰州)及USDA研究中心(华盛顿市郊区)。     

植物采集家——刘继孟

刘继孟(1909—1993)是我国早期植物学工作者,中国科学院植物研究所高级工程师。1929年考入北平研究院植物研究所,在刘慎谔先生指导下担任植物标本采集和分类研究工作。先后到太行山、恒山、伏牛山采集。抗战期间,他在西北各省区,到深山野林采集、考察。1948年西北解放后即参加革命工作。1951—1952年参加了榆林一带的固沙造林树种的考察工作。1956年回到中国科学院植物研究所工作。     

中苏科学家的互访活动

应苏联科学院N. I.瓦威洛夫遗传研究所邀请,中国科学院武汉植物研究所遗传室副主任柯善强和分类室钟扬两同志于1990年9月5日至9月23日在苏联科学院进行了访问交流活动。在苏期间,他们参观访问了位于莫斯科市的科学院遗传研究所、植物生理研究所、主植物园和莫斯科大学,以及位于列宁格勒市的科学院植物研究所和植物园。     

贵州省举办植物生理学学术报告会

为使植物生理学更好地为经济建设服务,贵州省自然科学讲座委员会、贵州省科学技术协会和贵州省植物生理学会,联合邀请了中国科学院上海植物生理研究所和北京农业大学的七位同志,于1982年10月27～31日在贵阳作了内容丰富的学术报告,并且在科研和生产上提出了很多宝贵的意见。报告内容有:一、殷宏章生物的四固     

第一届“植物器官发生的信号转导”学术研讨会

第一届“植物器官发生的信号转导”学术研讨会将于2008年7月4—5日在北京中国科学院植物研究所召开。本届会议由中国科学院植物研究所光合作用与分子生理学重点实验室和中国细胞学会植物分子细胞生物学分会主办,中国科学院植物研究所文献与信息管理中心学术交流与培训部承办。     

民主德国的高等植物组织培养遗传工程及生物技术

自1984年9月I1日至30日我们赴民主德国进 行了高等植物组织培养、遗传工程及生物技术在作物 改良中应用的考察。在这三周中共考察了四个城镇五 个单位,即Gatersleben的遗传及栽培植物中心研究所 (Zentralinstitut fur Genetik uod Kulturpflanzenforschung der Akadcmie der Wissenschaften), Quedlinburg的农业科 学院栽培研究所(Institut fur Zuchtungsforschung Akademie der Land wiftschaft-swissei2schaften), Hall。的植物生 物化学研究所(Institut fur Biochemie der Pflanzen Akademie der Wissenschaften）与马丁一芦色大学（Martin- Luther Universitat),以及Berlin的分子生物学研究所 (Zentralinstitut fur Molekularbiologie der Akademie der Wissenschaften。共访问-r 30多位学者,收到文献抽 印本10。多篇。     

Serology and systematics of the Ebenales and the Theales

The systematic position ofthe Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Ochnaceae, Stachyuraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae has been investigated using serological comparisons of sets of antigenic determinants. The results show that the Sytracaceae and Sapotaceae are undoubtedly more closely associated with the Actinidiaeceae and Theaceae, respectively, than with each other. We found no corresponding determinants betnween antigen systems from the Ebenaceae and systems from any other family whose relations to this family have been proposed. As discovered previously, investigations of antigen systems from the Ochnaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Stachyuraceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae are against the idea of a natural order “Theales” in which these families, or at least some of them, are combined with the Theaceae and Actinidiaceae. This paper completes our previous investigations which largely support a superorder Ericanae sensu Ehrendorfer and Takhtajan. We propose to include the Actinidiaceae and Theaceae in this superorder, assigning them a central position laong with the Sapotaceae and Sytracaeae on one side and the Primulales and Ericales on the other. Another most interesting finding is that there are corresponding determinants between antigen systems from the members of the Ericanae and representatives of the Polemoniaceae and Loasaceae.     

On the structure and dynamics of the complex of the nucleosome and the linker histone

Several different models of the linker histone (LH)–nucleosome complex have been proposed, but none of them has unambiguously revealed the position and binding sites of the LH on the nucleosome. Using Brownian dynamics-based docking together with normal mode analysis of the nucleosome to account for the flexibility of two flanking 10 bp long linker DNAs (L-DNA), we identified binding modes of the H5-LH globular domain (GH5) to the nucleosome. For a wide range of nucleosomal conformations with the L-DNA ends less than 65 Å apart, one dominant binding mode was identified for GH5 and found to be consistent with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. GH5 binds asymmetrically with respect to the nucleosomal dyad axis, fitting between the nucleosomal DNA and one of the L-DNAs. For greater distances between L-DNA ends, docking of GH5 to the L-DNA that is more restrained and less open becomes favored. These results suggest a selection mechanism by which GH5 preferentially binds one of the L-DNAs and thereby affects DNA dynamics and accessibility and contributes to formation of a particular chromatin fiber structure. The two binding modes identified would, respectively, favor a tight zigzag chromatin structure or a loose solenoid chromatin fiber.     

Biophysics and Structure of the Patch and the Gigaseal

Interpreting channel behavior in patches requires an understanding of patch structure and dynamics, especially in studies of mechanosensitive channels. High resolution optical studies show that patch formation occurs via blebbing that disrupts normal membrane structure and redistributes in situ components including ion channels. There is a 1-2 μm region of the seal below the patch where proteins are excluded and this may consist of extracted lipids that form the gigaseal. Patch domes often have complex geometries with inhomogeneous stresses due to the membrane-glass adhesion energy (E_a), cytoskeletal forces, and possible lipid subdomains. The resting tension in the patch dome ranges from 1-4 mN/m, a significant fraction of the lytic tension of a bilayer (∼10 mN/m). Thus, all patch experiments are conducted under substantial, and uneven, resting tension that may alter the kinetics of many channels. E_a seems dominated by van der Waals attraction overlaid with a normally repulsive Coulombic force. High ionic strength pipette saline increased E_a and, surprisingly, increased cytoskeletal rigidity in cell-attached patches. Low pH pipette saline also increased E_a and reduced the seal selectivity for cations, presumably by neutralizing the membrane surface charge. The seal is a negatively charged, cation selective, space with a resistance of ∼7 gigohm/μm in 100 mM KCl, and the high resistivity of the space may result from the presence of high viscosity glycoproteins. Patches creep up the pipette over time with voltage independent and voltage dependent components. Voltage-independent creep is expected from the capillary attraction of E_a and the flow of fresh lipids from the cell. Voltage-dependent creep seems to arise from electroosmosis in the seal. Neutralization of negative charges on the seal membrane with low pH decreased the creep rate and reversed the direction of creep at positive pipette potentials.     

Epigenetics and aging: the targets and the marks

'Aging epigenetics' is an emerging field that promises exciting revelations in the near future. Here we focus on the functional and biological significance of the epigenetic alterations that accumulate during aging and are important in tumorigenesis. Paradigmatic examples are provided by the global loss of DNA methylation in aging and cancer and by the promoter hypermethylation of genes with a dual role in tumor suppression and progeria, such as the Werner syndrome (WRN) and lamin A/C genes. Another twist is provided by sirtuins, a family of NAD-dependent deacetylases that act on Lys16 of histone H4, which are emerging as a link between cellular transformation and lifespan.     

Phymosomatoid echinoids from the campanian and the maastrichtian of Belgium and the Netherlands

Phymosomatoid echinoids from the Campanian and the Maastrichtian of Belgium and the Netherlands are systematically revised. Ten species, belonging to four genera are identified and described. One new species is introduced:Gauthieria?mosae sp. nov.     

Metamorphosis in the Cirripedia Rhizocephala and the homology of the kentrogon and trichogon

The Rhizocephala are considered to be monophyletic due to several synapomorphies in the ontogeny of the cndoparasitic phase. The various types of metamorphosis described in the Rhizocephala are discussed and compared to metamorphosis in the Cirripedia Thoracica and Acrothoracica. In males and females of the suborder Kentrogonida. the cyprid settles and metamorphoses into a new instar, in males the trichogen and in females the infective kentrogon. The kentrogon goes through yet another. incomplete moult associated with the development of the stylet. Within the three kentrogonidan families. the Iernaeodiscid-peltogastrid type of kentrogon differs from the sacculinid type in the mode of attachment to the host. in the complexity of internal anatomy. in the position and penetration of the stylet, and in whether or not the cyprid carapace must be shed prior to penetration of the stylet. In the Akentrogonida metamorphosis never results in a new instar. Where observed (Clistosaccidae and Thompsoniidae). both male and female cyprids settle and penetrate into their substrate (female parasite or new host) with one of the antennules. Using the antennule as a syringe. male cyprids inject spermatogonia while female cyprids injects embryonic cells developing into an endoparasite. By comparison with metamorphosis in the Cirripedia Thoracica and Acrothoracica it is concluded that the presence of a metamorphic moult leading to a post-cyprid instar is plesiomorphic and that the trichogon and kentrogon are homologous with the first metamorphosed juvenile in these outgroups. The abbreviated ontogeny in the Akentrogonida without metamorphic moult and post-cyprid larval instars is considered apomorphic. This contradicts the long-held supposition that the Akentrogonida are the most‘primitive’Rhizocephala and dovetails with new information that this suborder contains many advanced traits. Within the Kentrogonida. the lernacodiseid-peltogastrid type of kentrogon is considered more plesiomorphic than the sacculinid type, which resembles the clistosaccidthompsoniid type in having the antennules involved in the penetration process. The homologization of the kentrogon with a juvenile barnacle indicates that presence of a kentrogon is plesiomorphic within the Rhizocephala and that the Kentrogonida is paraphyletic.     

Connections between the globus pallidus and putamen and the hypothalamus and subthalamus

In 16 adult cats with electrolytically destructed external and internal parts of the globus pallidus and in 8 cats with destructed putamen direct strio-pallido-hypothalamic and strio-pallido-subthalamic pathways have been studied. Degeneration of the axonal preterminals and terminals have been examined in preparations treated after Nauta--Gygax, Nauta--Laidlow, Finck--Heimer with simultaneous additional staining of the nuclei with cresyl violet after Kawamura--Niimi. Direct pallido- and putamen-hypothalamic pathways to nuclei of the grey tubercle, posterior and lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus were stated. Direct pathways from the putamen to the subthalamic nucleus have been revealed, however, these pathways are represented in less degree than those of pallido-subthalamic connections. Direct pathways from the external portion of the globus pallidus and putamen to the subthalamic nucleus are more pronounced and represented by greater numbers of projections than those of strio-pallido-hypothalamic origin.