吸入M3受体拮抗剂对稳定期COPD肺功能的影响

目的:评价噻托溴铵干粉剂对中、重度稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能的影响。方法:采用随机对照研究140例COPD患者,噻托溴铵组使用噻托溴铵干粉剂,对照组使用氨茶碱片,总观察时间12周,治疗前后测定肺功能。结果:治疗后噻托溴铵组深吸气量、第1秒用力肺活量和用力肺活量明显改善,分别增加了102mL,256mL和154mL,对照组改善不明显,仅分别增加了10mL,08mL,15mL。结论:噻托溴铵能改善中、重度稳定期COPD患者的肺功能,可提高患者的生活质量。     

吸入M3受体拮抗剂对稳定期COPD肺功能的影响

目的：评价噻托溴铵干粉剂对中、重度稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者肺功能的影响。方法：采用随机对照研究140例COPD患者,噻托溴铵组使用噻托溴铵干粉剂,对照组使用氨茶碱片,总观察时间12周,治疗前后测定肺功能。结果：治疗后噻托溴铵组深吸气量、第1秒用力肺活量和用力肺活量明显改善,分别增加了102mL,256mL和154mL,对照组改善不明显,仅分别增加了10mL,08mL,15mL。结论：噻托溴铵能改善中、重度稳定期COPD患者的肺功能,可提高患者的生活质量。     

顺铂对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞水通道蛋白5表达的影响及调控

应用噻唑蓝法、蛋白质印迹和RT-PCR法研究顺铂对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞水通道蛋白5(AQP5)表达的影响及其调控.结果显示顺铂浓度增加,SKOV3细胞AQP5、胞浆和胞核NF-kB p65以及胞核IkBα表达均逐渐减少(P=0.001,0.000,0.000,0.000);10 μg/ml顺铂与SKOV3细胞温育6-12 h,AQP5、胞浆和胞核NF-kB p65以及胞浆IkBα表达均明显增加达峰值,24 h后急剧下降到低值,并维持至72 h后(P=0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000).随着核转录因子阻断剂PDTC浓度增加、作用时间延长,AQP5表达及mRNA量均逐渐减少(P=0.000,0.000);顺铂对细胞抑制率与AQP5呈负相关(r=-0.598;P=0.009),PDTC对细胞抑制率与AQP5和mRNA呈负相关(r=-0.983,-0.905;P=0.000,0.000).AQP5表达与NF-kB p65和IkBα呈正相关(r=0.894,0.857;P=0.000,0.000).提示AQP5与SKOV3细胞生长有关,顺铂下调AQP5表达,其过程可能受NF-kB调控,为AQP5成为卵巢癌治疗的靶目标提供了一定的理论基础.     

4－甲基组胺和三氟啦嗪对WEHI_3细胞增殖的影响

用体外细胞液体培养法研究组胺Ｈ＿２受体激动剂４－甲基组胺（４－ＭＨ）、Ｈ＿２受体拮抗剂西咪替丁和钙调素拮抗剂三氟啦嗪（ＴＦＰ）对小鼠粒单白血病ＷＥＨＩ＿３细胞增殖的影响。结果表明：４－ＭＨ呈剂量依赖性抑制ＷＥＨＩ＿３细胞增殖。１０￣（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ西咪替丁可阻断这种效应。１０￣（－５）─１０￣（－４）ｍｏｌ／ＬＴＦＰ阻断ＷＥＨＩ＿３细胞增殖,１０￣（－６）ｍｏｌ／ＬＴＦＰ对细胞影响不大,但与高浓度４－ＭＨ合用有协同抑制效应。     

灵芝多糖对AD模型大鼠海马组织Caspase-3和FasL表达的影响

目的研究灵芝多糖（GLP）对阿尔茨海默病（AD）大鼠海马组织半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异性蛋白静3（caspase-3）和FasL基因以及空间学习记忆能力的影响。方法双侧海马内一次性注射淀粉样多肽25-35片段（Aβ25—35）制作大鼠AD模型,治疗组24h后腹腔注射灵芝多糖水溶液,1周后进行Morris水迷宫检测大鼠空间学习记忆能力变化。采用免疫组织化学法和逆转录-聚合酶链式反应法（RT-PCR）分别检测大鼠海马组织caspase-3蛋白的表达量和FasL基因的表达,以及灵芝多糖对上述各指标的影响。结果灵芝多糖能明显改善AD模型大鼠低下的空间学习记忆能力。显著降低模型大鼠海马组织caspase-3和FasL的表达,而且灵芝多糖能明显改善模型大鼠脑组织海马CAI区神经元的退行性变化。结论灵芝多糖能降低海马组织内FasL和caspase-3表达量,改善海马CAI区神经元的退行性变化。对老年性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力可能有增强和提高作用。     

miR-425-5p调节PTEN/PI3K/AKT轴对卵巢癌细胞顺铂敏感性的影响

该文探究微小RNA-425-5p(miR-425-5p)调节磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因(phosphatase and tensin homolog, PTEN)/磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B, AKT)轴对卵巢癌(ovarian cancer, OC)细胞顺铂(cisplatin, DDP)敏感性的影响。将人OC耐药细胞A2780/DDP随机分为DDP组、DDP+miR-425-5p抑制剂(inhibitor)组、DDP+阴性对照(NC) inhibitor组、DDP+miR-425-5p inhibitor+过氧钒(PIC, PTEN抑制剂)组,另设A2780细胞为对照组(Control组)。CCK-8法检测各组细胞的增殖能力。细胞划痕实验检测各组细胞的迁移能力。Transwell实验检测各组细胞的侵袭能力。流式细胞术测定各组细胞的凋亡率。荧光实时定量PCR法测定各组细胞中miR-425-5p以及PTEN、PI3K和AKT mRNA的表达情况。Western blot法测定...     

Ru-486、安宫黄体酮、环孢菌素、维拉帕米对非P-g介导的卵巢癌耐顺铂细胞株COC 1/DDP耐药性的逆转

目的 在同一实验系统中比较Ru-486、MPA、VP、CsA对非P-g介导的卵巢癌耐顺铂细胞株COC1/DDP耐药性的逆转作用并对其作用机制进行探讨,为临床克服耐药提供参考依据.方法 采用MTT法从细胞代谢,DNA凝胶电泳从细胞凋亡方面系统观察比较DDP、Ru-486、MPA、VP、CsA 5种药物对卵巢癌多药耐药细胞系COC1/DDP的影响及相互关系,检测上述5种药物与COC1/DDP作用时细胞内GSH-ST和GSH-Px活性的变化,并采用westernblotting以Bcl-2抗体为分子探针对上述5种药物与COC1/DDP作用时细胞内Bcl-2基因的表达进行测定对其逆转机制进行探讨.结果 1)Ku-486、CsA、MPA对COC1/DDP有直接抑制作用,其抑制率随浓度增高进行性升高,、而VP对COC1/DD,P没有直接抑制作用.和DDP联用时,Ru-486、MPA、VP、CsA都能显著增强COC1/DDP对DDP的敏感性,达到一定浓度后,可以完全逆转COC1/DDP对DDP的耐药性.这种逆转是通过抑制细胞代谢、诱导细胞凋亡的结果.2)单纯2.5μg/ml的DDP能使GSH-Px及GST活力上升,除VP外,Ru-486等药物可降低GSH-Px和GST活力,与DDP联用时亦如此.提示,Ru-486、CsA、MPA可以通过抑制GSH转移酶系统阻止对细胞损伤的修复而达到对耐药性的逆转.3)单独的DDP、Ru-486等药物非但对Bcl-2的表达没有抑制作用,反而促进了其表达,以MPA最甚.与DDP联用时,却出现了一个有趣的现象,即可以抑制Bcl-2的表达,Ru-486与DDP联用时Bcl-2的表达几乎完全被阻截.结论 :VP、Ru-486、CsA和MPA对卵巢癌多药耐药细胞系COC1/DDP的耐药性有确切逆转作用.其逆转机制可能与降低GSH转移酶系统活性有关.当与DDP联用时可以通过降低Bcl-2蛋白表达来逆转耐药.     

The Binding of Palonosetron and Other Antiemetic Drugs to the Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor

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两个赤芝子实体多糖的理化特性分析及结构鉴定

赤芝子实体多糖P32A分子量为506,322,P32B分子量为287,389,两种多糖均以己糖为主构成。P32A由鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖组成,四种单糖的摩尔比为：4．3：2．6：6．3：11．4;P32B亦由鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖组成,摩尔比为：1．2：1．0：2．1：9．2。该结果显示,P32A与P32B具有较类似的糖组成,且都以葡萄糖和甘露糖为主要单糖组分。根据^13C NMR和甲基化的结果分析知P32A可能含有l→4连接的葡萄糖构成的主链,非还原末端均由葡萄糖构成,此外P32A中还有l,4-连接的甘露糖和l,3—连接的鼠李糖。P32B可能以l→3连接形成主链,部分l,3-连接葡萄糖的6位有分支,该多糖也含有由葡萄糖构成的非还原末端,与P32A类似,P32B中还含有l,4-连接的甘露糖,不同的是不含l,3—连接的鼠李糖。     

灵芝发酵液多糖提取物对荷瘤小鼠细胞免疫的动态观察

目的:观察灵芝发酵液多糖提取物对S180荷瘤小鼠部分免疫指标的动态调节作用,探讨其抗肿瘤机制.方法:S180瘤细胞荷瘤昆明小鼠80只建立动物模型,生理盐水组(NS组)与灵芝发酵液多糖组(GFG组)各40只,分别于荷瘤后第4,7,10,13,16天每组各处死8只小鼠,检测GFG对NK细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率的影响.结果:GFG能显著提高荷瘤小鼠NK细胞活性和淋巴细胞转化率.随荷瘤时间延长,GFG组较NS组能维持较高水平(P＜0.01),但总体呈下降趋势.结论:灵芝发酵液多糖提取物能显著提高NK细胞活性和淋巴细胞转化率,并维持一定水平.     

Mechanism of the antiulcerogenic effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on indomethacin-induced lesions in the rat

Many cytokines, in particular tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha have been known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesions caused by various factors such as drugs and Helicobacter pylori infection. Our previous studies have shown that the polysaccharide fractions isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum (GLPS) prevented indomethacin- and acetic acid-induced gastric mucosal lesions in the rat. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether GLPS had a direct mucosal healing effect in the indomethacin-treated rat, and to explore the possible mechanisms by determining the gastric mucosal mRNA and protein levels of TNF-alpha and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. In addition, the effects of GLPS on the cellular proliferation, ODC and c-Myc protein expression and mucus synthesis in the rat gastric cell culture (RGM-1) were examined. The present study demonstrated that GLPS at 250 and 500 mg/kg by intragastric input caused ulcer-healing effect in the rat; this was accompanied with a significant suppression of TNF-alpha gene expression, but with an increased ODC activity. In RGM-1 cells, GLPS at 0.05, 0.25 and 1.0 mg/ml significantly enhanced [3H]thymidine incorporation and ODC activity in a concentration-dependent manner. However, these effects were abrogated by the addition of the ODC inhibitor, DL-alpha-difluoromethyl-ornithine (DFMO). GLPS at 0.25-1.0 mg/ml also increased mucus synthesis, as indicated by the increased D-[6-3H]glucosamine incorporation in RGM-1 cells. Furthermore, GLPS at 0.05-1.0 mg/ml increased the c-Myc protein expression. These findings indicated that GLPS produced a mucosal healing effect in the rat model, perhaps due partly to the suppression of TNF-alpha and induction of c-myc and ODC gene.     

Effects of Conformationally Restrained Analogues of Serotonin on Its Uptake and Binding in Rat Brain

Abstract: Two series of serotonin analogues, in which the side chain amino group is constrained in the gauche or trans conformation, were utilized to study the preferred conformation of serotonin for interaction with two different neuronal sites. 6-Hydroxytetrahydro-β-carboline and 6-hydroxy-3-aminotetrahydrocarbazole were found to be potent inhibitors of serotonin uptake into hypothalamic synaptosomes, with IC₅₀ values of 0.13 μM for each analogue. The type of inhibition, as determined by Dixon plots, was found to be competitive, with K_i's of 3.0 × 10⁻⁸ M and 4.6 × 10⁻⁸ M for the β-carboline and carbazole derivatives, respectively. Methoxylation or lack of a hydroxy group at the 6 position of the carbazole derivative did not alter inhibitory potency, while methoxy or benzyloxy substitution decreased potency 22- to 326-fold. The serotonin analogues were 20 to 30 times less potent in inhibiting the synaptosomal transport of the catecholamines. With regard to [³H]serotonin binding to membranes obtained from brain homogenates, both analogues exhibited poor affinity compared with the transmitter. However, the β-carboline derivative was three times as potent as the carbazole analogue. These findings and earlier ones with regard to the effect of the serotonin analogues on brain monoamine oxidase activity support the idea that serotonin analogues interact differentially with the three different serotonergic sites examined.     

5-HT1A受体阻断剂对乙醇引起大鼠低体温和行为性体温调节反应的影响

目的：观察5-羟色胺1A （5-HT_1A）受体阻断剂p-MPPI对乙醇引起大鼠低体温和行为性体温调节反应的影响。方法：用无线遥控测温技术记录成年雄性SD大鼠体核温度和活动的变化。用无线遥测温度梯度仪监测大鼠体核温度和行为性体温调节活动,将大鼠置于15℃~40℃的温度梯度箱内,并允许动物自由选择箱内温度,观察乙醇（3 g/kg）引起低体温和行为性体温调节的反应以及5-HT_1A受体阻断剂p-MPPI （1 mg/kg）对其效应的影响。结果：①乙醇能引起大鼠快速的体温降低反应,同时动物选择较低的环境温度。②5-HT_1A受体阻断剂p-MPPI能明显阻断乙醇引起的低体温和行为性体温调节变化。结论：①乙醇能使体温调定点降低,因为乙醇引起低体温时,大鼠选择较冷环境温度区;②5-HT可能参与乙醇引起低体温与行为性体温调节活动。     

Identification of Serotonin Receptors Recognized by Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies

Anti-idiotypic antibodies were generated by immunizing rabbits with affinity-purified antibodies to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT). Anti-5-HT activity was removed from the resulting antisera by chromatography through a 5-HT affinity column. The anti-idiotypic antibodies were demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to bind to affinity-purified whole anti-5-HT antibodies and their Fab fragments. Anti-idiotypic antibodies, purified by affinity chromatography on columns to which antibodies to 5-HT were coupled, competed with 5-HT (covalently bound to protein) for the binding sites on anti-5-HT antibodies and serotonin binding protein. The anti-idiotypic antibodies antagonized the binding of [3H]5-HT to membranes isolated from the cerebral cortex, striatum, and raphe area more than to membranes from hippocampus or cerebellum. The anti-idiotypic antibodies also blocked the binding of the 5-HT1B-selective ligand (-)-[125I]iodocyanopindolol (in the presence of 30 microM isoproterenol) to cortical membranes. In contrast, anti-idiotypic antibodies failed to inhibit binding of the 5-HT1A-selective ligand 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-[3H]propylamino)-tetralin [( 3H]8-OH-DPAT) to raphe area membranes or hippocampal membranes. These observations suggested that the anti-idiotypic antibodies may recognize some 5-HT receptor subtypes but not others. This hypothesis was tested by ascertaining the ability of anti-idiotypic antibodies to immunostain cells transfected in vitro with cDNA encoding the 5-HT1C or 5-HT2 receptor or with a genomic clone encoding the 5-HT1A receptor. Punctate sites of immunofluorescence were found on the surfaces of fibroblasts that expressed 5-HT1C and 5-HT2 receptors, but not on the surfaces of HeLa cells that expressed 5-HT1A receptors. Immunostaining of cells by the anti-idiotypic antibodies was inhibited by appropriate pharmacological agents: immunostaining of cells expressing 5-HT1C receptors was blocked by mesulergine (but not ketanserin, 8-OH-DPAT, or spiperone), whereas that of cells expressing 5-HT2 receptors was blocked by ketanserin or spiperone (but not mesulergine or 8-OH-DPAT). The anti-idiotypic antibodies failed to inhibit the uptake of [3H]5-HT by serotonergic neurons. It is concluded that the anti-idiotypic antibodies generated with anti-5-HT serum recognize the 5-HT1B, 5-HT1C, and 5-HT2 receptor subtypes; however, neither 5-HT1A receptors nor 5-HT uptake sites appear to react with these antibodies.     

Influence of exercise on serotonergic neuromodulation in the brain

Summary. Implications of exercise on serotonergic neuromodulation in the brain have been investigated in two studies. Acute paroxetine (selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor) administration to endurance athletes, who performed a cycle ergometer test to exhaustion at moderate intensity, reduced time to exhaustion and post exercise cognitive performance in comparison to trials with placebo or BCAA administration. Furthermore, during a 3-week moderate endurance training of sedentary males basaline values of B_max of 5-HT transporters (5-HTT) and 5-HT_2A receptors (5-HT_2AR) on isolated platelet membranes increased while plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations decreased as well as mood and physical efficiency improved. In contrast, after an excessive training program over four weeks, well-trained endurance athletes showed no change of B_max of 5-HTT, but a decline of 5-HT_2AR density and an increase in basal plasma PRL concentration. Mood was impaired and central fatigue increased. Thus, the impact of exercise on 5-HT neurotransmission may depend on training state of athletes and extent of exertion. The theoretical background of the implication of exercise and the effect of long lasting exhaustive exercise in athletes on mental and physical efficiency or central fatigue are evaluated. The significance of the primary disturbance of central neuromodulation and dysfunction of 5-HTT, 5-HT receptor subtypes and the phosphoinositol signal transduction as well as the limited modulation capacity of the 5-HT system in overstrain are also addressed. Received December 1, 1999 / Accepted February 1, 2000     

Tropisetron modulation of the glycine receptor: femtomolar potentiation and a molecular determinant of inhibition

The 5-hydroxytryptamine type-3 receptor antagonist tropisetron is in clinical use as an anti-emetic drug. This compound also exerts both potentiating and inhibitory effects on the glycine receptor chloride channel. The inhibitory effects occur at micromolar concentrations, whereas the potentiating effects are shown here to occur at femtomolar concentrations at the homomeric alpha1 receptor. Potentiation occurred only when tropisetron was applied in the presence of glycine. We also sought to identify molecular determinants of tropisetron inhibition at the alpha1 glycine receptor by serially mutating residues located in or near known ligand-binding sites. We discovered that conservative mutations to N102 ablated tropisetron inhibition without affecting the magnitude or sensitivity of tropisetron potentiation. Several lines of evidence, including a structure-activity analysis of tropisetron, atropine and SB203186, suggest that N102 may bind to the tropisetron tropane nitrogen via H-bonding. Mutation of the N125 residue in the beta subunit, which corresponds to N102 in the alpha1 subunit, had little effect on tropisetron inhibitory potency. These results show that N102 is required for tropisetron inhibition but not potentiation and that inhibitory tropisetron binds in different orientations at different subunit interfaces. To our knowledge, tropisetron is the most exquisitely sensitive modulator yet identified for a cys-loop receptor.     

药用昆虫蜣螂对灵芝多糖生物合成的影响

采用液体深层发酵方式,研究了几种药用昆虫对灵芝多糖生物合成的影响。结果表明,药用昆虫蜣螂在添加量为5g/L时能显著促进灵芝胞内多糖(IPS)和胞外多糖(EPS)的形成(P<0.05)。胞内多糖和胞外多糖的产量分别由对照的(1.93±0.09)g/L和(520.3±20.2)mg/L提高到(2.41±0.12)g/L和(608.9±20.2)mg/L。灵芝胞内多糖和胞外多糖在DEAE纤维素柱上都可分离得到5种主要组分,其中IPS-1和EPS-1分别为2类多糖的主要组分。进一步用凝胶柱分离显示,IPS-1由3个单个的组分组成,EPS-1由2个单个的组分组成。添加蜣螂发酵后,灵芝胞内多糖和胞外多糖中没有出现新的组分,且各组分的相对含量也没有显著变化(P>0.05),提示添加蜣螂发酵后,灵芝胞内多糖和胞外多糖主要组分的合成途径并未改变。