红腹锦鸡和丽纹龙蜥视网膜的组织学观察

为了进一步探讨动物视网膜结构与机能的关系,利用光镜和扫描电镜比较观察了红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)、丽纹龙蜥(Jspalura splendida)视网膜的结构。结果表明,红腹锦鸡、丽纹龙蜥的视网膜均由四层细胞构成,在光镜下均可分为十层结构。红腹锦鸡视网膜平均厚225·2μm,视细胞与节细胞数比约为2:1;丽纹龙蜥视网膜平均厚156.2μm,视细胞与节细胞数比为1:1。红腹锦鸡、丽纹龙蜥视网膜视细胞的平均密度分别为(124828±24404)个/mm2和(33165±7034)个/mm2。显示了红腹锦鸡和丽纹龙蜥均具有昼行性动物视网膜的结构特征。     

太白山自然保护区的红腹锦鸡

1982—1985年在陕西省林业厅的组织下,对秦岭主峰(高达3767米)太白山自然保护区进行综合科学考察,收集了红腹锦鸡部分生态资料,现整理报道如下。1栖息地红腹锦鸡生活于太白山保护区的落叶阔叶林和针阔叶混交林地带,分布高度为海拔800—2200米。主要优势树种有辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)、太白杨(Populus purdomii)、华山松、油松、栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)、刺柏、懈树(Q.dentata)、锐齿栎、山杨、漆树和侧柏等。林下灌木及草本植物的种类繁多,食物丰富,是红腹锦鸡良好的栖息环境。通过观察,红腹锦鸡在太白山主要生活在以下二个林…     

四川大邑县发现的白腹锦鸡和红腹锦鸡自然杂种的记述

1992年1—4月,在四川大邑县双河乡山区海拔1600—1700m处,先后获得5只雉科雄鸟标本。(第1号标本存四川大学生物系,其余4号标本存大邑县林业局)。经鉴定,确认属白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae)和红腹锦鸡(C.pictus)的杂种。其形态如下: No.1:外形和羽色大体似红腹锦鸡雄鸟。尾长750mm,比一般金鸡稍长。上嘴基部铅褐,跗蹠淡褐,与白腹锦鸡相似。额、头顶和枕冠淡黄,枕冠羽端沾红。枕冠长70mm,介于红腹锦鸡(1,100mm)和白腹锦鸡(1,52mm)之间。披肩羽端呈截状,似红腹锦鸡;各羽乳白,羽端和近端的黑色横斑有绿色反光,与白腹锦鸡相似,较长的披肩羽片基部渲染葡萄红色。下颈和肩间部亮绿,并有铜黄色反光,羽端较宽而略呈弧形与     

利用无线电遥测位点分析红腹锦鸡的生境利用

为了解红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)的生境利用及其季节变化以及对距森林边缘不同距离的生境的利用情况，我们于1996年1月-8月、1998年11月-1999年9月分别在陕西佛坪和贵州宽阔水自然保护区，采用无线电遥测位点与随机点相比较的方法，从不同时空尺度定量分析了红腹锦鸡的生境利用。两研究区共遥测24只红腹锦鸡个体(亚成体和成体，6♂，15♀，3亚♂)，其遥测位点分布与随机点比较，冬、春和夏季3季节中均有极显著差异，落入各区域的活动位点与其期望位点数之间也存在着极显著差异。这说明红腹锦鸡对生境的利用不是随机的，而是有选择地利用。红腹锦鸡对距森林边缘不同距离的生境的利用有选择性，并存在着明显的季节变化。分析结果表明，红腹锦鸡在冬、春季对森林边缘和林缘开阔区的利用较多，有一定偏好。红腹锦鸡在两研究区的生境利用模式相似，但在对森林边缘和林缘开阔区的利用强度上，宽阔水研究区显著大于佛坪研究区[动物学报49(2)：179一184，2003]。     

红腹锦鸡肺的组织结构与微血管构筑

为了了解红腹锦鸡(Chroysolophus pictus)肺的微细结构和微血管构筑特征,为呼吸生物学研究提供形态学依据,用组织学方法和微血管铸型技术在光镜和扫描电镜下观察研究了红腹锦鸡肺的组织结构与微血管构筑情况。结果表明,红腹锦鸡肺主要由各级支气管构成,从三级支气管上呈辅射状分出许多呼吸毛细管(微气管),并相互吻合成网状,呼吸毛细管外面包围有丰富的毛细血管;红腹锦鸡肺毛细血管垂直围绕在各微气管外,并相互吻合成密集的立体微血管网;毛细血管管径4.5~7.0μm,微气管直径11~50μm。并对肺微血管构筑情况与呼吸效率的关系作了探讨。     

长光照诱导红腹锦鸡当年雌鸡冬季繁殖效果的实验研究

红腹锦鸡 (Ｃｈｒｙｓｏｌｏｐｈｕｓｐｉｃｔｕｓ)属鸡形目 ,锦鸡属 ,俗称锦鸡、金鸡 ,分布于我国北起宁夏固源 ,南到广西贺县 ,西至四川宝兴 ,东到湖北宜昌 ,即 :东经 10 2°40′～111°2 0′,北纬 2 4°39′～ 36°0 0′范围内 (余志刚等 ,1997)。红腹锦鸡为我国特产珍禽 ,国家Ⅱ级保护动物 ,因其羽色绚丽多姿、雍容华贵而著称于世 ,具有重要的经济价值 ,也是具有开发前景的特禽养殖新品种。已有的记述表明 ,红腹锦鸡雏鸡在第 2年 4～ 5月开始产卵 ,但是对此期间红腹锦鸡 1龄雌鸡的解剖观察发现 ,其卵巢尚未充分发育(吴至康 ,1991) ,还不…     

红腹锦鸡血细胞的光镜和扫描电镜观察

为了探讨红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)血细胞的形态特征,为生理学研究提供生物学基础资料,利用光镜和扫描电镜观察了红腹锦鸡血细胞的形态特征。结果表明,红腹锦鸡红细胞呈椭圆形或扁圆形,表面光滑,具核;白细胞为球形,体大,淋巴细胞表面有绒毛状突起,嗜中性粒细胞核一般分2~5叶,嗜酸性粒细胞核一般分2叶,嗜碱性粒细胞核分2~3叶,单核细胞表面粗糙不平,核大,呈肾形或圆形;凝血细胞呈球形或不规则形。     

山西省鸟类新记录——红腹锦鸡

2006年冬季,在山西省夏县泗交林场(111°19′～111°30′E,34°58′～35°13′N)进行野外鸟类调查时,于11月18日下午17时,在柳仙洞七里峪一带捕获一只成年雄性红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus),同时发现一群集群活动的红腹锦鸡,雌雄混群,数量大约30～40只,生境为典型的暖温带阔叶昆交林,主要树种为辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis),灌木有黄刺玫(Rosa xanthina)、忍冬(Lonicere feridinandii)、荆条(Vitex neguneo)等.     

红腹锦鸡和红腹角雉活动节律——基于红外相机监测数据

红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)和红腹角雉(Tragopan temmminckii)均为国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类。作为两种同域分布的物种,其生态位重叠程度及竞争机制尚不明确。为了探究上述问题我们从2012年7月至2014年11月,在陕西省佛坪国家级自然保护区的9条样线上布设52台红外相机对这两种雉类的集群现象、日活动节律、季节性活动规律和最适活动温区进行研究。研究结果表明:(1)红腹锦鸡和红腹角雉每年8月下旬开始集群,到第二年的3、4月份集群结束,冬季集群最为频繁,而夏季则分散在其各自活动区单独活动。(2)二者皆为昼行性鸟类,活动高峰均出现在清晨和傍晚,但时间生态位存在明显分化:红腹锦鸡有两个活动高峰,分别为7:00时和17:00时;红腹角雉活动高峰为6:00时、9:00时和18:00时。(3)对两种雉类活动频次的季节性差异分析发现,春季活动最频繁,其后依次是秋季、夏季和冬季。(4)红腹锦鸡和红腹角雉选择在接近当月平均气温的时间段出来活动,红腹锦鸡活动的温度范围在﹣4℃到19℃,红腹角雉的活动温度范围是﹣1℃到22℃;但不同季节间略有差异,两种雉类在秋冬季大多选择在高于当月平均气温的时间段出来活动,而在夏季的活动温度则要略低于当月平均气温。观测数据证实了两种雉雉类有通过错峰活动减少生态位重叠导致的竞争的现象,但并未见到二者间有明显的适应性温区分化。     

红腹锦鸡研究现状

红腹锦鸡（Chrysolophus pictus）是国家二级保护动物。对红腹锦鸡的求偶行为、繁殖情况、种群密度、越冬生态、栖息地植被类型、生境利用及其季节变化等生态学研究较多;在解剖学方面,对红腹锦鸡胃血管、消化道和肝脏显微结构、肺微血管构筑、肾小球微血管构筑进行了研究;对人工养殖的红腹锦鸡的卵、肌肉及羽毛的营养组成进行了测定,发现红腹锦鸡卵的必需氨基酸（essential amino acid,EAA）组成模型与NRC（Narional Research Council of USA）蛋鸡理想氨基酸模型最接近;红腹锦鸡的人工养殖及疾病防治也做过一些研究。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.