灌木亚菊挥发油化学成分研究

利用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术,结合标准谱库,对甘肃产灌木亚菊的挥发油成分进行了研究,共鉴定出44种成分,占挥发油成分总量的90．49％,其中单萜、倍半萜类成分较多,这两类化合物分别占挥发油成分总量的42．39％和27．09％。含量居前三位的成分分别是1,7,7-三甲基-双环庚-2-酮（12．83％）,桉叶油素（9．94％）和十氢-α,α,4α-三甲基-8-亚甲基-2-甲醇萘（6．46％）。     

燕山山脉一种香料型乳菇的香味成分分析

利用固相微萃取技术（SPME）偶联气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析燕山山脉一种香料型乳菇——香亚环乳菇Lactarius subzonarius的挥发性成分。共检出25种挥发性成分,其中氧杂环化合物3种、醛类1种、酯类13种、烯烃类3种、芳香族化合物2种和烷烃类3种。具有葫芦巴感官气味的挥发性组分3-羟基-4,5-二甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮的相对含量35.76%,该成分是其近缘种Lactarius helvus的主要香味化合物,故推测3-羟基-4,5-二甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮是其关键香味成分。     

动态吸附与气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用分析密蒙花（醉鱼草科）的挥发性花香成分

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对动态吸附法收集的密蒙花（Buddleja officinalis）花香成分进行了分析,并用气相色谱面积归-化法对各成分进行了定量。从密蒙花中分离出16个挥发性成分,定性定量出其中的11个,占挥发性成分总量的95．44％。其中丁基醋酸乙酯（81．57％）、苯甲醛（4．92％）、3-已烯-1-醇（3．26％）、欧洲丁香醛（2．34％）和芳樟醇（1．05％）为主要成分。该研究阐明了自然条件下密蒙花的花香成分及组成,其结果为今后定向创新醉鱼草属新香型观赏品种提供了科学依据。     

凤尾蕨挥发性成分的GC—MS分析北大核心CSCD

分析凤尾蕨的挥发性成分,为其开发利用提供实验依据。利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取凤尾蕨（PterisCreticaL）挥发油,采用气相色谱．质谱联用（GC-MS）技术对挥发油进行分析。共分离出85个化学成分,鉴别出68个化学成分,占挥发油总量的81．40％,其中相对百分含量大于2％的分别确定为庚醛（5．480％）,,壬醛（4．470％）,甲基丁香酚（3．880％）,柏木脑（3．797％）,正己烷（3．607％）,2-己烯醛（3．061％）,3,5-二甲氧基甲苯（2．822％）,（＋）．香橙烯（2．624％）,芳樟醇（2．539％）,异黄樟脑（2．312％）,3-辛醇（2．243％）,丹皮酚（2．165％）,2-正戊基呋喃（2．119％）。本文首次采用GC—MS联用技术对凤尾蕨的挥发性成分进行研究。     

花椒挥发油的超临界CO2萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的比较

采用超临界萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法从花椒中提取花椒挥发油,用GC—MS方法测定各种提取方法得到挥发油的化学成分及相对含量。结果表明,水蒸气提取挥发得率为3．8％（W／W）,主要成分为柠檬烯（22．75％）、沉香醇（21．70％）、罗勒烯（3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-辛三烯）（14．27％）等。超临界CO2萃取法挥发油得率为5．9％（W／W）,主要成分为柠檬烯（14．01％）、沉香醇（13．18％）、罗勒烯（3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-辛三烯）（26．23％）等。两种方法所得到的挥发进行比较,水蒸气蒸馏法分离法得到的挥发油中分离出78个峰,其中含量和相似度高的成分有31种,占86．31％。超临界CO2萃取法提取的花椒挥发油中分离出了152个峰,含量和相似度高的成分有36种,占74．72％。两种提取方法所得到的主要挥发油中有27种成分相同。     

忍冬藤挥发性成分研究

目的：研究忍冬藤中的挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取忍冬藤（Loruicera japonica Thunb）挥发油,用GC-MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：鉴定出89个化学成分,其中相对百分含量大于2％的分别确定为芳樟醇（Linalool L）7．98％,丹皮酚（Paeonal）3．73％,苯甲醛（BenzaJ-dehyde）3．46％,壬醛（Nonanal（CAS））3．19％,3-乙烯基吡啶（Pyridine,3-Ethenyl）3．11％,正庚醛（N-Heptanal）2．56％,3-羟基-1-辛烯（1-Octen-3-ol（CAS））2．02％。结论：89个挥发性成分均为首次从该植物中得到。     

海南木莲叶挥发油化学成分研究

目的：分析海南木莲叶的挥发油成分。方法：采用水蒸气法提取挥发油,气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术分析。结果：共鉴定出49种化合物,占挥发油总量的99．99％,其中主要成分是橙花叔醇（16．44％）;3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇（5.27％）;3,7-二甲基1,6-辛二烯-3-醇（5．12％）;α-丁香烯（4．97％）和丁香烯（4．48％）。     

两面针药材挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用方法对广西产两面针药材的挥发油成分进行分析,共分离出80余个组份,通过质谱数据库检索和图谱分析,并参考相应的保留时间确定了其中的58个组分,总相对含量占挥发油的91．4％。其中含量最大的是斯杷土烯醇（55．21％）,其次有异斯杷土烯醇（6．35％）、异香树素环氧化物（3．88％）、2-十三烷酮（3．28％）和α-香附酮（2．14％）等。     

巴戟天挥发性成分研究

目的：研究巴戟天中的挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取巴戟天（Radix morindae offtcinalis）挥发油,用GC—MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：鉴定出34个化学成分,其中相对百分含量大于2％的分别确定为L-龙脑（Bomeol L）29．28％,α-姜烯（Alpha—Zingiberene）4．88％,2-甲基-6-对甲基苯基-2-庚烯（Ar-Cureumene）4．49％,1-己醇（1-Hexanol）3．40％,β-倍半水芹烯（beta—sesquiphellandrene）3．34％,2-戊基呋喃（2-Amylfuran）3．32％,正壬醛（n—nonanal）2．17％,樟脑（L—camphor）2．07％,β-没药烯（bete—Bisabolene）2．06％。结论：34个挥发性成分均为首次从该植物中得到。     

不同干燥方法对灰毡毛忍冬花蕾中活性成分含量的影响

目的:比较不同干燥方法对灰毡毛忍冬花蕾中4种活性成分含量的影响.方法:采用生晒法、烘干法、蒸制生晒法和蒸制烘干法对灰毡毛忍冬花蕾进行干燥处理.参照《中国药典》,利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)-紫外扫描(UV)法测定干燥样品中绿原酸和木犀草苷的含量;利用HPLC-蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)法测定干燥样品中灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙和川续断皂苷乙的含量.结果:蒸制烘干法处理的灰毡毛忍冬花蕾中绿原酸含量和皂苷总量最高,分别为3.705％和11.834％,木犀草苷含量为0.103％,均高于《中国药典》对山银花和金银花指标物质含量的规定.结论:不同干燥方法对灰毡毛忍冬花蕾中活性成分的含量有较大影响,以蒸制烘干法最优.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.