共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
树突状细胞是体内最重要的抗原提呈细胞,它表面表达多种Toll样受体。Toll样受体可通过多条途径来激活树突细胞,介导树突细胞对抗原的摄取,递呈及生存与凋亡,促进T细胞增值和分化并参与免疫反应。 相似文献
2.
Treg细胞具有维持自身免疫耐受,调节免疫应答的作用。Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)家族可识别病原相关分子模式或内源性配体,启动固有和适应性免疫应答。Treg细胞选择性表达某些TLRs,TLRs活化可能直接增强或降低Treg的免疫抑制功能,这种调节可以影响对感染和肿瘤的免疫监视、移植免疫排斥和自身免疫病发生的进程。因此,了解两者的关系对发现新的治疗靶点和对策有重要的作用。简要综述TLRs对Treg细胞抑制功能直接调节作用的研究进展。 相似文献
3.
树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)表面所表达的腺苷受体A2B亚型(ADOR-A2B)可促进DC对辅助性T淋巴细胞(T helper cell,Th)的激活,导致自身免疫性疾病的发生或加重.本文旨在研究作为免疫反应的诱导分子Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)是否可调节ADOR-A2B在DC中的表达并籍此影响其功能.体外诱导小鼠骨髓细胞分化为树突状细胞(BM-DC),以多种TLRs的配体,Pam3csk4、polyIC、LPS及CpG进行干预.提取细胞总RNA,real-time PCR测定ador-a2a、ador-a2b的表达;放射性配体结合实验测定BM-DC对3H-腺苷结合能力的变化.以LPS及选择性ADOR-A2B激动剂BAY 60-6583协同干预BM-DC,ELISA测定培养基中IL-1、IL-6及IL-12的含量.以干预后的BM-DC刺激naive CD4细胞,ELISA测定培养基中IL-17A、IFNγ的含量,荧光抗体染色及流式细胞仪分析检测CD4细胞的分化.结果显示,TLR-4的配体LPS可显著提高BM-DC中ador-a2b的表达及对腺苷的结合能力.BAY 60-6583与LPS相协同可刺激BM-DC分泌多种致炎因子,并增加其诱导CD4细胞向Th1及Th17分化的能力.由此可见,Toll样受体可上调adora2b在DC中的表达,并可籍此增加DC分泌促炎因子的能力及对CD4细胞的刺激作用. 相似文献
4.
模式识别受体Toll样受体(Toll like receptors,TLRs)是固有免疫中免疫受体的代表,进化上十分保守,对生物体的生存极为重要。TLRs通过内源或外源的配体启动信号转导,激活下游一系列重要的基因表达与活化。研究表明调节性T细胞(Regulatory T cell,Treg)在维持机体外周免疫耐受和阻止移植排斥反应等方面发挥核心作用。Treg细胞表达某些TLRs,包括TLR2、TLR4、TLR5、TLR7、TLR8、TLR9等。TLRs的活化可能直接或间接地影响(主要是活化) Treg的增殖和免疫抑制功能,这种调节与感染、自身免疫病和癌症的发生密切相关。其中热休克蛋白作为TLRs配体分子对于Treg的调节发挥了重要的作用。因此,了解TLRs通路对研究Treg免疫调控机制、新药物研发和靶向治疗有重大意义。文中简要介绍了TLRs通路调节Treg免疫功能的相关研究进展。 相似文献
5.
树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)表面所表达的腺苷受体A2B亚型(ADOR-A2B)可促进DC对辅助性T淋巴细胞(T helper cell,Th)的激活,导致自身免疫性疾病的发生或加重. 本文旨在研究作为免疫反应的诱导分子Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors, TLRs)是否可调节ADOR-A2B在DC中的表达并籍此影响其功能. 体外诱导小鼠骨髓细胞分化为树突状细胞(BM-DC),以多种TLRs的配体,Pam3csk4、polyIC、LPS及CpG进行干预. 提取细胞总RNA,real-time PCR测定ador-a2a、ador-a2b的表达;放射性配体结合实验测定BM-DC对3H 腺苷结合能力的变化.以LPS及选择性ADOR-A2B激动剂BAY 60-6583协同干预BM-DC,ELISA测定培养基中IL-1、IL-6及IL-12的含量. 以干预后的BM DC刺激naive CD4细胞,ELISA测定培养基中IL-17A、IFNγ的含量,荧光抗体染色及流式细胞仪分析检测CD4细胞的分化. 结果显示, TLR 4的配体LPS可显著提高BM DC中ador-a2b的表达及对腺苷的结合能力. BAY 60-6583与LPS相协同可刺激BM DC分泌多种致炎因子,并增加其诱导CD4细胞向Th1及Th17分化的能力. 由此可见,Toll样受体可上调ador-a2b在DC中的表达,并可籍此增加DC分泌促炎因子的能力及对CD4细胞的刺激作用. 相似文献
6.
Toll最早在果蝇中被发现。Toll受体蛋白(dToll)不仅参与果蝇胚胎发育时背腹的形成,而且参与成蝇对病原体侵袭的先天性免疫应答,是微生物诱导成年果蝇产生抗菌肽的信号转导通道的门户。Toll样受体是先天性模式识别受体,在细胞活化信号的转导中起重要作用。它作为联系先天性与获得性免疫系统的桥梁,备受人们关注。 相似文献
7.
Toll样受体是近几年发现的天然免疫受体,它们不仅能特异性地识别病原微生物的结构成分,激活天然免疫,同时也为激活获得性免疫提供共刺激信号。Toll样受体是天然免疫与获得性免疫之间的连接点。 相似文献
8.
烟曲霉侵染宿主细胞时伴有明显的细胞肌动蛋白骨架重排,而重要模式识别受体PRRs(pattern recognition receptors)之一,Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLR)参与调节病原细菌诱导的宿主细胞肌动蛋白骨架重排,其中TLR2和TLR4两亚型可以识别烟曲霉的病原相关分子模式PAMP(pathogen-assosiated molecular patterns),并诱发炎症因子表达等一系列效应信号,在宿主细胞抗烟曲霉天然免疫中发挥重要作用,但在烟曲霉内化侵入过程中TLR能否特异性介导细胞肌动蛋白骨架重排尚不清楚。因此,研究揭示TLR激活在烟曲霉侵入宿主细胞的调控作用,对寻找可能的抗真菌药物作用靶点具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
Toll 样受体研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)是新近发现的先天性免疫系统中的细胞跨膜受体及病原模式识别受体之一,在急性炎症反应细胞吞噬作用的调节和细胞信号转导及细胞凋亡中起重要作用,简要综述了Toll样受体的发现、分布、基因定位与结构特点、配体特异性及其介导的信号通路,并对其研究意义与前景作了简述。 相似文献
10.
Toll样受体与树突状细胞介导的天然免疫和获得性免疫 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)作为迄今所发现的抗原提呈功能最强的一类抗原提呈细胞,是联结天然免疫和获得性免疫的桥梁。Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)是一类进化保守的胚系编码的模式识别受体,在DCs的抗原识别、递呈及激活T细胞等方面具有重要作用,是机体受外来抗原入侵后作出适当免疫反应的调控点。现就TLRs在不同DCs亚群中的分布、与DCs介导的天然免疫和获得性免疫的关系及DCs功能可塑性的分子基础作一综述。 相似文献
11.
Infective factors cause the perpetuation of inflammation as a result of the permanent exposure of the immune system to exogenous or endogenous products of virus or bacteria. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be exposed to this infective environment, which may change the characteristics and therapeutic potency of these MSCs. MSCs have the ability to repair damaged and inflamed tissues and regulate immune responses. In this study, we demonstrated that MSCs express functional Toll‐like receptors (TLR) 3 and 4, the Toll‐like receptor families that recognize the signals of viral and bacterial mimics, respectively. The specific stimulations did not affect the self‐renewal and apoptosis capabilities of MSCs but instead promoted their differentiation into the adipocytes and osteoblasts with the TLR3 ligand. The reverse of these results were obtained with the TLR4 ligand. The migration of the MSCs to stimulate either of the two specific ligands was inhibited at different times, whereas the immunogenicity and immunosuppressive properties of the MSCs were not weakened unlike in the MSCs group. These results suggest that TLR3 and TLR4 stimulation affect the characterization of MSCs. 相似文献
12.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent activator of cells of the immune and inflammatory systems, including macrophages, monocytes, and endothelial cells (EC). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been identified as the primary receptor for LPS. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) likely contribute significantly to the inflammation induced by low-level LPS in patients who are at risk for atherosclerosis. Previous study indicated that functional TLR4 was present in VSMCs. However, it remains unclear whether low levels of commercial LPS preparations can affect TLR4 expression in early stage. Here Real-time quantitative PCR analysis was used to detect TLR4 mRNA expression; Immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis and flow cytometry were used to examine TLR4 protein expression. It was shown that TLR4 was present in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (HASMCs). LPS can up-regulate TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in HASMCs in dose- and time-dependent manner. These data indicate that LPS regulate TLR4 expression in HASMCs. 相似文献
13.
The innate immune system in the intestine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The innate immune system provides the first line of host defense against invading pathogens. Innate immune responses are initiated by germline-encoded PRR, which recognize specific structures expressed by microorganisms. TLR are a family of PRR which sense a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. TLR are also expressed in the intestine and are critical for intestinal homeostasis. Recently, cytoplasmic PRR, such as NLR and RLR, have been shown to detect pathogens that have invaded the cytosol. One of the NLR, NOD2, is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. This review focuses on the innate immune responses triggered by PRR in the intestine. 相似文献
14.
Tae‐ho Jang Hyun Ho Park 《Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology Communications》2014,70(8):1053-1055
Toll‐like receptor (TLR) proteins have been identified and shown to play a role in the innate immune response. TLR6 associated with TLR2 can recognize diacylated lipoprotein. In this study, the human TLR6 TIR domain corresponding to amino acids 640–796 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli using engineered C‐terminal His tags. The TLR6 TIR domain was then purified to homogeneity and crystallized at 20°C. Finally, X‐ray diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 2.2 Å from a crystal belonging to space group C2, with unit‐cell parameters a = 127.60, b = 44.20, c = 75.72 Å, β = 118.89° 相似文献
15.
动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)是多种细胞、炎性介质参与形成的慢性炎症性疾病。Toll样受体家族(Toll like receptors,TLRs)中的TLR4是机体重要的诱导分泌多种炎性因子的模式识别受体。现有证据表明,TLR4不仅产生多种炎性因子诱发血管炎症反应,而且促进AS斑块形成和发展,造成斑块不稳定,甚至破裂,对AS的发生、发展具有重要作用。因此,了解TLR4对AS的影响有助于发现新的治疗靶点和对策。主要对TLR4在AS发病机制和易损斑块发展中的作用进行综述。 相似文献
16.
17.
The survival and death rates of inflammatory cells directly control their number and are substantially associated with the degree of inflammation. Microglia, key players in neuroinflammation, often cause excessive reactions implicated in neurological diseases. However, the mechanisms that determine microglial fate under pathological conditions remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a Toll-like receptor 4 ligand), an inflammation inducer, primarily promotes survival of microglia, but as its concentration is increased it induces cell death, resulting in decreased cell number. Moreover, extracellular ATP, which is released upon tissue damage, further enhanced the survival induced by a low LPS concentration and the death induced by a high LPS concentration. The survival-promoting effect of ATP was mimicked by non-hydrolyzable ATP analog, adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), and also by the P2X(7) receptor agonist, 2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and was suppressed by the P2X(7) antagonists, Brilliant Blue G and A 438079. On the contrary, the death of LPS-activated microglia was not affected by adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), but enhanced by adenosine, ATP breakdown product. Thus, extracellular ATP modulates microglial survival and death in different ways involving P2X(7) receptor activation and ATP degradation to adenosine, respectively. Such Toll-like receptor 4/purinergic signaling may provide a fine regulatory system of neuroinflammation through modulating the microglial cell number. 相似文献
18.
In this study, the role of Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) in immune responses of murine peritoneal mesothelial cells against Bacteroides fragilis was investigated. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure cytokines and chemokines. Activation of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB‐α) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) was investigated by western blot analysis. B. fragilis induced production of interleukin‐6, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in wild type peritoneal mesothelial cells; this was impaired in TLR2‐deficient cells. In addition, in response to B. fragilis, phosphorylation of inhibitory NF‐κB‐α and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) was induced in wild type mesothelial cells, but not in TLR2‐deficient cells,. Inhibitor assay revealed that NF‐κB and MAPKs are essential for B. fragilis‐induced production of CXCL1 and CCL2 in mesothelial cells. These findings suggest that TLR2 mediates immune responses in peritoneal mesothelial cells in response to B. fragilis. 相似文献
19.
Toll样受体4(Toll like receptor 4,TLR4)是广泛表达于哺乳动物的跨膜受体,由于TLR4在人体的高表达与各种炎症反应相关联,抑制过高的TLR4表达可能是控制机体炎症损伤的新途径.目前的研究主要是针对TLR4的直接阻断与对TLR4的信号转导通路的抑制.由于TLR4的信号转导通路已经较为明确,从而研究对TLR4信号转导通路的抑制可能会对机体过强的炎症反应及损伤的控制产生有益作用.本文就当前针对抑制TLR4信号转导通路的研究作一综述. 相似文献
20.
慢性炎症与恶性肿瘤密切相关,Toll样受体4(TLR4)在肿瘤中的广泛表达提示其在慢性炎症致瘤机制中发挥重要作用。活化肿瘤细胞TLR4不仅促进肿瘤的生成和转移,而且参与肿瘤的免疫逃逸。另一方面,免疫佐剂又通过激活免疫细胞的TLR4信号产生抗肿瘤免疫。因此,TLR4在肿瘤中起着双刃剑的作用。 相似文献