盐胁迫对金牌美达丽和猎狗种子萌发的影响

用不同浓度的NaCl、KCl、MgSO₄和3种盐的复合溶液胁迫金牌美达丽和猎狗种子,观察其发芽率和萌发后子叶及胚根生长情况,对其进行生态阈限分析。结果表明:金牌美达丽和猎狗种子萌发对盐生境的适应性均很强。低浓度NaCl、KCl及复合盐溶液对猎狗种子萌发有促进作用。随盐胁迫强度上升,发芽率呈逐渐下降趋势,高浓度盐明显延缓种子的初始萌发时间,抑制幼苗正常生长。高浓度盐显著降低种子发芽率,但不同盐分对种子发芽率影响不显著。MgSO₄溶液对种子发芽率没有显著抑制现象,但对金牌美达丽胚根的生长有明显抑制作用。     

混合盐碱胁迫对小白菜种子萌发的影响

用不同浓度的NaCl、Na₂SO₄、NaHCO₃和Na₂CO₃混合液对小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)种子进行种子萌发试验,观察小白菜种子在不同浓度盐碱胁迫下的发芽率和发芽指数。结果表明,在混合盐碱胁迫下,小白菜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均随pH值增大和盐浓度的升高呈下降趋势,且各萌发指标与盐浓度的相关系数明显大于pH值,可见小白菜种子发芽受盐浓度的影响更大。低浓度(50mmol·L^-1)盐碱胁迫对小白菜种子萌发影响不大,高浓度(200mmol·L^-1)盐碱胁迫下小白菜的种子萌发受到严重影响。     

NaCl胁迫对藜麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

为探讨盐胁迫下两类不同地区藜麦品种幼苗的耐盐机制,该文利用不同浓度的NaCl溶液,对来自青海省海东市乐都区的'LD-13'(低盐地区)和来自青海省海西州乌兰县的'WL-192'(高盐地区)的2个藜麦品种的种子和幼苗进行盐胁迫处理,研究了种子萌发指标(发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数),生长指标(鲜重、根长、茎长)及生理指标(M...     

菜用黄麻种质萌发期耐盐性评价北大核心CSCD

为明确不同盐胁迫对菜用黄麻种子萌发的影响,并综合评价菜用黄麻种质的耐盐性,本研究以13份菜用黄麻种质为试验材料,以2份纤用黄麻为参照种质,分别测定在不同浓度(0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L)的两种单盐NaCl、Na2SO4处理下种子的发芽率、发芽势、胚芽长度、胚根长度,采用隶属函数法和系统聚类分析法对其耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明,不同种类和不同浓度的盐胁迫对菜用黄麻发芽势、发芽率、胚根长度、胚芽长度存在不同程度的影响。随着盐浓度的增加菜用黄麻各指标均在盐浓度为200 mmol/L显著低于对照。NaCl胁迫对菜用黄麻萌发期各指标的抑制作用由大到小依次为胚根长>发芽势>胚芽长>发芽率,Na2SO4胁迫对菜用黄麻萌发期各指标的抑制作用由大到小依次为胚根长>胚芽长>发芽势>发芽率。Na2SO4对菜用黄麻种子萌发的抑制作用高于Na Cl。根据对13份菜用黄麻种质以及2份参照种质的综合评价及聚类分析,将15份黄麻种质划分为高耐盐、中度耐盐、盐敏感3种类型,筛选出高耐Na Cl的菜用黄麻4份分别为14MCB-1、粤引2号、埃及麻菜、福农1号,高耐Na2SO4种质1份为桂麻菜2号及对2种单盐均表现敏感的菜用黄麻种质平果麻菜。     

NaCl胁迫对四种禾本科牧草种子萌发的影响

研究了4种多年生根茎型耐旱植物——羊草、高冰草、苇状羊茅和俄罗斯新麦草种子的萌发和根芽生长对不同浓度（0、50、100、150、200、300、400和500 mmol·L^-1 ）NaCl胁迫的响应。结果表明,4种牧草种子的发芽率随着盐浓度的增加呈下降趋势。其中,羊草种子耐盐性最差,300 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理的种子发芽率仅为1.5%,浓度超过300 mmol·L^-1时,没有种子萌发;高冰草、苇状羊茅和俄罗斯新麦草耐盐性较强,在500 mmol·L^-1 NaCl时发芽率分别为17.3%、20.0%和18.1%。4种牧草的根长和芽长均与NaCl浓度呈极显著的负相关,但表现不同：随着NaCl浓度的增加,俄罗斯新麦草的根长下降速率最快,高冰草最慢;羊草芽长下降速率最快,高冰草最慢;羊草的根/冠比值呈上升趋势,而其他3种牧草则呈下降趋势。说明NaCl胁迫对羊草抑制表现为胚根<胚芽,而后三者则为胚根>胚芽。从种子发芽率和胚生长状况看,在种子萌发期内,羊草种子萌发和苗期的耐盐能力最差,而高冰草、苇状羊茅和俄罗斯新麦草的种子萌发和苗期生长均有较强的耐盐能力。     

NaHS对NaHCO3胁迫下黑籽南瓜种子萌发及生理特性的影响

以黑籽南瓜(Cucurbita ficifolia)种子为试材, 研究了外施不同浓度的NaHS对NaHCO₃胁迫下种子萌发及生理特性的影响。结果表明, NaHCO₃胁迫显著抑制了黑籽南瓜种子的发芽率、胚轴长和胚根长, 降低了种子萌发过程中的可溶性糖含量, 抑制了α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、SOD及POD活性。而外施不同浓度的NaHS显著促进了NaHCO₃胁迫下黑籽南瓜萌发种子胚轴和胚根的生长, 提高了可溶性糖含量及α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、SOD和POD活性, 降低了MDA含量; 外施其它盐类(Na₂S、Na₂SO4、NaHSO₄和NaHSO₃)及不同pH值(pH5.8–7.8)的Na₂HPO₄-NaH₂PO₄缓冲液对NaHCO₃胁迫下黑籽南瓜种子的萌发则无影响。外施NaHS可有效缓解NaHCO₃胁迫对黑籽南瓜种子萌发的抑制作用, 其缓解效应可能与其释放的H₂S有关。     

菜用黄麻种质萌发期耐盐性评价

为明确不同盐胁迫对菜用黄麻种子萌发的影响,并综合评价菜用黄麻种质的耐盐性,本研究以13份菜用黄麻种质为试验材料,以2份纤用黄麻为参照种质,分别测定在不同浓度(0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L)的两种单盐NaCl、Na2SO4处理下种子的发芽率、发芽势、胚芽长度、胚根长度,采用隶属函数法和系统聚类分析法对其耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明,不同种类和不同浓度的盐胁迫对菜用黄麻发芽势、发芽率、胚根长度、胚芽长度存在不同程度的影响。随着盐浓度的增加菜用黄麻各指标均在盐浓度为200 mmol/L显著低于对照。NaCl胁迫对菜用黄麻萌发期各指标的抑制作用由大到小依次为胚根长发芽势胚芽长发芽率,Na2SO4胁迫对菜用黄麻萌发期各指标的抑制作用由大到小依次为胚根长胚芽长发芽势发芽率。Na2SO4对菜用黄麻种子萌发的抑制作用高于Na Cl。根据对13份菜用黄麻种质以及2份参照种质的综合评价及聚类分析,将15份黄麻种质划分为高耐盐、中度耐盐、盐敏感3种类型,筛选出高耐Na Cl的菜用黄麻4份分别为14MCB-1、粤引2号、埃及麻菜、福农1号,高耐Na2SO4种质1份为桂麻菜2号及对2种单盐均表现敏感的菜用黄麻种质平果麻菜。     

扁蓿豆和苜蓿种子萌发期抗旱性和耐盐性比较

为明晰扁蓿豆[Medicago ruthenica(Linn.)Trautv.]和苜蓿(Medicago varia Martin.)种子萌发期的抗旱性和耐盐性强弱,以不同浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)和Na Cl溶液模拟干旱和盐胁迫,研究了不同程度干旱和盐浓度对采自甘肃景泰的扁蓿豆和苜蓿品种阿尔冈金(M.varia Martin.cv."Algonquin")种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫和盐胁迫降低了扁蓿豆和苜蓿种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,抑制了胚芽和胚根的生长。-0.3~-0.9 MPa和-1.5 MPa的PEG处理下苜蓿和扁蓿豆种子的相对发芽率间无显著差异,-1.2 MPa的PEG胁迫下苜蓿种子的相对发芽率显著高于扁蓿豆。-0.3~-1.2MPa的PEG胁迫下苜蓿种子的相对发芽指数均显著高于扁蓿豆,其相对芽长无显著差异。Na Cl渗透势为-0.9~-1.5 MPa时,苜蓿种子的相对发芽率显著高于扁蓿豆;-0.3~-1.2 MPa的Na Cl胁迫下苜蓿种子的相对发芽指数和相对活力指数均显著高于扁蓿豆。通过种子萌发期的相对发芽率、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数、相对胚根长和相对胚芽长5项指标,应用隶属函数法对参试材料种子萌发期抗旱性和耐盐性进行综合评价的结果表明,苜蓿品种阿尔冈金种子萌发期的抗旱性、耐盐性均强于来自景泰的扁蓿豆。此结果和人们以往对扁蓿豆和苜蓿的认识"扁蓿豆的抗旱性和耐盐性优于苜蓿"不一致。     

松嫩平原退化草地羊草种子萌发对环境因子的响应

研究了温度(恒温和变温)、水分(含水量2.5%-40.0%)和干旱胁迫、土壤类型(盐碱土和非盐碱土)和盐碱胁迫(NaCl和Na₂CO₃)等环境因子对羊草(Leymus chinensis)种子萌发的影响。恒温下未经打破休眠处理的羊草种子发芽率不足2%, 变温下羊草种子发芽率可达85.3%, 表明温度是影响羊草种子萌发的关键因素之一。羊草种子萌发的适宜土壤含水量为2.5%-15.0%, 随着含水量继续增加, 发芽率呈下降趋势。松嫩平原盐碱化土壤对羊草种子萌发具有显著的抑制作用, 羊草种子在重度盐碱土(pH 10.24)中发芽率仅为6.0%, 而在非盐碱土中发芽率可达61.3%。羊草种子在萌发阶段的耐盐碱能力差, 随着NaCl和Na₂CO₃浓度增加, 发芽率呈显著下降趋势, 且Na₂CO₃的抑制作用更强。松嫩平原盐碱环境下羊草种子萌发受到抑制是该地区羊草草地退化的原因之一。     

盐胁迫及外源钙处理对盐肤木种子萌发的影响

为研究盐肤木种子萌发的盐胁迫机制和外源钙对盐胁迫下种子萌发的影响,实施不同浓度的NaCl、Na_2SO_4、CaCl_2+NaCl、CaCl_2+Na_2SO_4溶液胁迫处理盐肤木(Rhus chinensis)种子的萌发试验,分析其发芽指标、活力参数和幼苗生长的变化。结果表明:随着盐胁迫溶液NaCl和Na_2SO_4浓度的升高,盐肤木种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗胚芽及胚根长均表现为不同程度减少的趋势,其中100 mmol/L NaCl、75 mmol/L Na_2SO_4胁迫对盐肤木种子的萌发及幼苗的生长有显著的抑制作用;同胁迫溶液NaCl相比,盐肤木种子萌发过程中对Na_2SO_4危害敏感的浓度范围较小。不同浓度的CaCl_2浸种处理时,盐肤木的盐害缓解作用呈现先升高后降低的趋势,30 mmol/L CaCl_2+100 mmol/L Na Cl和15 mmol/L CaCl_2+75 mmol/L Na_2SO_4浓度下盐胁迫处理的缓解能力最强。该研究结果有利于缓解盐胁迫对于盐肤木种子萌发的盐害。     

NaCl和Na2CO3胁迫对栓皮栎种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为了阐明栓皮栎种子萌发期对盐碱胁迫的耐受性,研究了不同浓度(0、50、100、200和400 mmol/L)NaCl和Na2CO3胁迫对其种子萌发、生长、保护酶活性和有机渗透调节物质等的影响,结果表明:(1)盐碱胁迫对栓皮栎种子的萌发率和发芽指数均没有显著影响;随着Na+浓度的升高,NaCl和Na2CO3处理下的胚根长度、胚根生长速率、胚根鲜重均受到抑制,呈现下降趋势;活力指数和耐盐指数在NaCl胁迫下表现为较低浓度(50 mmol/L)促进,较高浓度(100,200,400 mmol/L)抑制,而在Na2CO3处理下则不断下降;相对盐害率在两种处理下均表现波动趋势。(2)通过建立活力指数、胚根长度等与Na+浓度的回归方程,发现在NaCl胁迫下栓皮栎种子活力指数、胚根鲜重、胚根长度和胚根生长速率的临界值分别为300.0、300.0、333.6、369.6 mmol/L。(3)在NaCl和Na2CO3胁迫下,随Na+浓度的增加,丙二醛含量增幅显著;NaCl处理下的SOD(superoxide dismutase)活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,而Na2CO3处理下则均低于对照;POD(peroxidase)活性变化不显著;CAT(catalase)活性均表现为先降低后升高;脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量均随着Na+浓度的升高而呈现不同程度上升趋势。(4)等Na+浓度时,NaCl处理下的各项生长指标均高于Na2CO3处理,丙二醛、保护酶活性及渗透调节物质含量均低于Na2CO3处理,说明Na2CO3对栓皮栎种子的影响比NaCl更为显著。     

Salt tolerance of two differently drought-tolerant wheat genotypes during germination and early seedling growth

Summary Osmotic and specific ion effect are the most frequently mentioned mechanisms by which saline substrates reduce plant growth. However, the relative importance of osmotic and specific ion effect on plant growth seems to vary depending on the drought and/or salt tolerance of the plant under study. We studied the effects of several single salts of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺−NaCl, NaNO₃, Na₂SO₄, NaHCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and Ca(NO₃)₂—on the germination and root and coleoptile growth of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, TAM W-101 and Sturdy, the former being more drought tolerant than the latter. The concentrations used were: 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 mol L⁻¹. Significant two- and three-way interactions were observed between cultivar, kind of salt, and salt concentration for germination, growth of coleoptile and root, and root/coleoptile ratio. Salts differed significantly (P<0.001) in their effect on seed germination, coleoptile and root growth of both cultivars. Germination of TAM W-101 seeds was consistently more tolerant than that of Sturdy to NaCl, CaCl₂, Ca(NO₃)₂, and NaHCO₃ salts at concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 mol L⁻¹. The osmotic potential, at which the germination of wheat seeds was reduced to 50% of that of the control, was different depending on the kind of salt used in the germination medium. NaCl at low concentrations (0.02 and 0.04 mol L⁻¹) stimulated the germination of both wheat cultivars. At concentrations of 0.02 to 0.16 mol L⁻¹, Ca²⁺ salts (CaCl₂ and Ca(NO₃)₂) were consistently more inhibitory than the respective Na⁺ salts (NaCl and NaNO₃) for germination of Sturdy. This did not consistently hold true for TAM W-101. Among the Na⁺ salts, NaCl was the least toxic and NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃ were the most toxic for seed germination. Root and coleoptile (in both wheat cultivars) differed in their response to salts. This differential response of coleoptile and root to each salt resulted in seedlings with a wide range of root/coleoptile ratios. For example, the root/coleoptile ratio of cultivar TAM W-101 changed from 2.09 (in the control) to 3.77, 3.19, 2.8, 2.44, 1.31, 0.32, and 0.0 when subjected to 0.08 mol L⁻¹ of Na₂SO₄, NaCl, CaCl₂, NaNO₃, Ca(NO₃)₂, NaHCO₃, and Na₂CO₃, respectively. Na₂CO₃ at 0.08 mol L⁻¹ inhibited root growth to such an extent that germinated wheat seeds contained coleoptile but no roots. The data indicate that, apart from the clear and more toxic effects of NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃ and lesser toxic effect of NaCl on germination and seedling growth, any toxicity-ranking of other salts done at a given concentration and for a given tissue growth may not hold true for other salt concentrations, other tissues and/or other cultivars. The more drought-tolerant TAM W-101, when compared to the less drought tolerant Sturdy, showed higher tolerance (at most concentrations) to NaCl, CaCl₂, Ca(NO₃)₂ and NaHCO₃ during its seed germination and to Na₂SO₄ and CaCl₂ for its root growth. This supports other reports that some drought-tolerant wheat cultivars are more tolerant to NaCl. In contrast, the coleoptile growth of drought-sensitive Sturdy was noticeably more tolerant to NaNO₃, Ca(NO₃)₂ and NaHCO₃ than that of drought-tolerant TAM W-101. Based on the above and the different root/coleoptile ratios observed in the presence of various salts, it is concluded that in these wheat cultivars: a) coleoptile and root tissues are differently sensitive to various salts, and b) at the germination stage, tolerance to certain salts is higher in the more drought-tolerant cultivar.     

牛叠肚幼苗对盐碱胁迫的生理响应及其耐盐阈值

以盆栽牛叠肚组培苗为试材,比较研究了不同浓度中性盐(NaCl、Na2SO4)和碱性盐(NaHCO3、Na2CO3)胁迫对其生长和生理指标的影响。结果显示:(1)牛叠肚幼苗生长在碱性盐(NaHCO3、Na2CO3)处理下表现出"低促高抑"现象,而在中性盐(NaCl、Na2SO4)处理下均受到不同程度的抑制。(2)随着盐碱胁迫浓度的升高,牛叠肚叶片的相对电导率呈增加趋势,丙二醛(MDA)积累波动变化;Na2SO4和NaHCO3处理下二者之间的变化趋势相似,而NaCl和Na2CO3处理下二者之间变化趋势则不同。(3)牛叠肚叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随胁迫浓度增加先升高后下降,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈先下降后升高趋势,说明牛叠肚主要通过SOD和POD的互补作用来降低氧化伤害。(4)以相对株高生长量下降50%为标准,求得牛叠肚幼苗对NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3、Na2CO34种单盐的耐受阈值分别为85.18(0.50%,W/V)、40.77(0.58%,W/V)、171.00(1.44%,W/V)、114.20(1.21%,W/V)mmol·L-1。研究表明,各盐碱胁迫使牛叠肚幼苗的生长受到不同程度的抑制,但其在一定浓度范围内通过提高抗氧化酶(SOD、POD)活性来减轻盐碱伤害,维持植株的正常生理代谢;牛叠肚幼苗对碱性盐(NaHCO3、Na2CO3)的耐受能力强于中性盐(NaCl、Na2SO4)。     

Effects of four types of sodium salt stress on plant growth and photosynthetic apparatus in sorghum leaves

Sorghum variety Longza 17 was used as the experimental organism in a study of the effects of different types of sodium salt (two neutral salts, NaCl and Na₂SO₄; and two alkaline salts, NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃), at an equivalent Na⁺ concentration (100?mmol·L^?1) on leaf growth parameters and PSII and PSI function by using the Fast Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction Dynamics technique and 820?nm light reflectance curves. The results showed that at Na⁺ concentration of 100?mmol·L^?1, different types of sodium salt stress significantly inhibited the growth of sorghum plants. Different types of sodium salt stress showed significant inhibition on the activities of PSII and PSI in sorghum leaves, the impact of different types of sodium salt on the activities of PSII and PSI in sorghum leaves was consistent, listed from greatest to least impact as Na₂CO₃ > NaHCO₃ > Na₂SO₄ > NaCl. The effects of alkaline salt stress on the growth and photosynthetic properties of sorghum were greater than those under the neutral salt stress, therefore, in addition to considering the impact of Na⁺ concentration in the sorghum planting area, emphasis should also be given to the influence of the degree of alkalization, especially the higher alkalinity of Na₂CO₃.     

Gibberellin-mediated changes in carbohydrate metabolism during flower stalk elongation in tulips

We tested the effects of cold stratification, temperature, light and NaCl on seed germination and germination recovery and of NaCl on radicle growth and radicle elongation recovery of Kalidium caspicum, a small leafy succulent shrub dominant in saline deserts in northwest China. In all conditions of temperature and light/darkness, germination percentages and rates of cold-stratified seeds were significantly higher than those of nonstratified seeds. Germination of a high percentage of both nonstratified and stratified seeds was inhibited by 0.2 M NaCl, and 0.6 M NaCl completely inhibited germination. Nongerminated seeds germinated after they were transferred from NaCl solutions to distilled water. Radicle elongation significantly decreased with increase in salinity, and it was completely inhibited by ≥1.0 M NaCl; radicle elongation recovered in young seedlings pretreated by 10 days of incubation in ≤0.4 M NaCl. Results show that seed germination and early seedling growth of K. caspicum are salt tolerant, and these characteristics help explain why this species can survive and dominate salt habitats, such as those in the Junggar desert in Xinjiang, northwest China.     

四翅滨藜生理生化特征对盐胁迫的响应

采用温室盆栽试验研究四翅滨藜(Atriplex canescens)幼苗株高、地径、生物量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量对不同浓度NaCl和Na_2SO_4(0、100、200、300和400mmol·L~(-1))胁迫的响应,以探讨四翅滨藜对不同种类及不同浓度盐渍环境的适应机制及其耐盐机理。结果显示:(1)随着盐分浓度的升高,四翅滨藜幼苗的株高、地径及生物量增量呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,低盐浓度下2种盐均促进幼苗生长,盐浓度超过400mmol·L~(-1)时,NaCl对幼苗生长具有明显抑制作用。(2)2种盐处理下,四翅滨藜幼苗净光合速率(Pn)和叶绿素含量(Chl)随盐浓度增大而升高,即2种盐均对幼苗Pn和Chl含量具有促进作用,且Na_2SO_4的促进效果大于NaCl;而幼苗蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)随盐浓度升高呈先增大后减小的趋势,且Na_2SO_4的促进作用强于NaCl。(3)与对照相比,四翅滨藜幼苗的丙二醛、SOD、POD酶活性在NaCl和Na_2SO_42种盐处理下,随着盐浓度的升高均呈现出不同程度的增大,且增大幅度总体表现为NaClNa_2SO_4。研究表明,四翅滨藜在NaCl和Na_2SO_4胁迫下,叶绿素的分解速率以及发挥作用的渗透调节物质均有差异,使得幼苗叶片健康程度不同,导致叶片光合能力大小的差异,最终表现为植株的生长差异;四翅滨藜具有较强的耐盐能力,而且对Na_2SO_4的适应能力强于NaCl。     

Salinity and salt composition effects on seed germination and root length of four sugar beet cultivars

Salinization is one of the most important factors affecting agricultural land in the world. Salinization occurs naturally in arid and semiarid regions where evaporation is higher than rainfall. Sugar beet yield declines with an increase in salinity, but the sensitivity to salts varies with salt composition in water and sugar beet growth stage. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water salinity levels and salt composition on germination and seedling root length of four sugar beet cultivars (PP22, IC2, PP36, and 7233). The experiments were undertaken with irrigation water with two salt compositions (NaCl alone and mixture of MgSO₄ + NaCl + Na₂SO₄ + CaCl₂) in three replicates. Thirteen salinity levels with electrical conductivity (EC) of the irrigation water ranging from 0 to 30 dS/m were applied to each cultivar in both experiments. Seed germination percentage and seedling root length growth were determined in 13 days. Statistical analysis revealed that germination and root length were significantly affected by salt composition, cultivars and salinity levels. Regardless of salt composition, seed germination and seedling root length were significantly affected by the irrigation water with EC up to 8 dS/m and 4 dS/m, respectively. Except for cultivar PP22, the adverse effect of salinity of the irrigation water on seed germination and seedling root length was higher for NaCl alone than for the salt mixture, which refers to lower salt stress in field conditions with natural salt composition. Presented at the International Conference on Bioclimatology and Natural Hazards, Poľana nad Detvou, Slovakia, 17–20 September 2007.     

燕麦对松嫩草地三种主要盐分胁迫的生理适应策略

为明确燕麦幼苗对松嫩盐碱草地3种主要盐分Na Cl、Na HCO_3和Na_2CO_3的适应机制,设定不同浓度梯度(48—144 mmol/L)的胁迫处理液,测定燕麦幼苗的生长与生理指标变化。结果表明,尽管试验设定的Na Cl浓度并不影响幼苗的存活率,但在各组胁迫处理下,随着浓度的增加,燕麦幼苗的分蘖数、植株高度、茎叶与根系的生物量均呈下降趋势,下降幅度为Na_2CO_3Na HCO_3Na Cl。另外,与Na Cl胁迫相比,Na_2CO_3与Na HCO_3胁迫下茎叶与根中积累了更多的有毒Na~+,同时K~+下降幅度也更大,并且根系中含有更高的Na~+与更低的K~+以及更高的Na~+/K~+。在Na Cl胁迫下,燕麦幼苗积累大量的无机Cl~-和脯氨酸来维持细胞内的渗透与离子平衡,而Na HCO_3与Na_2CO_3胁迫造成了燕麦幼苗体内阴离子的亏缺,此时幼苗主要通过积累大量的有机酸和更多的脯氨酸来维持渗透与离子平衡。上述结果表明,碱性盐Na_2CO_3与Na HCO_3对植物的胁迫伤害程度大于中性盐Na Cl,并且Na_2CO_3的毒害效应最强,而燕麦幼苗对不同的盐分胁迫伤害也有会产生不同的生理适应策略。     

不同盐胁迫对柳枝稷生物量、品质和光合生理的影响

为明确不同盐胁迫对柳枝稷生物量、品质及光合生理的影响,以无盐胁迫作为对照(CK),选取0.40%Na Cl、0.80%Na2SO4和0.80%Na HCO3进行了土柱试验。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,Na Cl、Na2SO4、Na HCO3胁迫下柳枝稷地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量、籽粒产量及根冠比均显著降低(P0.05),总生物量分别降低49.39%、60.52%、76.45%,Na HCO3对柳枝稷的生长抑制作用最强,Na Cl最弱;(2)Na Cl胁迫下柳枝稷地上生物质灰分含量显著增高14.89%,Na2SO4胁迫下硫(S)含量显著增高262.32%,纤维素含量显著降低13.71%,Na HCO3胁迫下钾(K)含量显著增高54.95%,半纤维素含量显著增高10.87%,灰分和S含量的增高不利于柳枝稷地上生物质的燃烧利用,纤维素含量的降低和半纤维素含量的增高不利于其转化利用;(3)Na Cl、Na2SO4、Na HCO3胁迫下柳枝稷叶片净光合速率(Pn)分别显著降低21.89%、29.54%和24.59%,气孔限制因素可能是其光合作用受到抑制、生物量下降的关键因素。