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1.
E. Carvalho C. Sindt A. Verdier C. Galan L. O’Donoghue S. Parks M. Thibaudon 《Aerobiologia》2008,24(4):191-201
The Coriolis δ air sampler manufactured by Bertin Technologies (France) is a continuous air sampler, dedicated to outdoor monitoring of
airborne spores and pollen grains. This high-volume sampler is based on patented Coriolis technology delivering a liquid sample.
The air is drawn into a conical vial in a whirling type motion using suction; particles are pulled against the wall by centrifugal
force. Airborne particles are separated from the air and collected in a liquid medium. This innovative solution allows rapid
analysis by several techniques including PCR assay and serological assay in order to measure the antigenicity/allergenicity
of pollen grains and fungal spores. Also, traditional counting of pollen grains or taxa identification by optical microscopy
can be done. A study has been carried out by the Health Protection Agency (HPA), Porton Down, UK, to measure the physical
efficiency of the Coriolis air sampler. The physical efficiency of the sampler for collection of micro-organism-laden particles
of various sizes has been compared with that of membrane filter samplers using the techniques described by ISO 14698-1. The
Coriolis was operated simultaneously with membrane filter samplers in a controlled room where they were challenged with uniform-sized
particles of different diameters containing bacterial spores. For the larger particle sizes, it was found that the physical
efficiency of the Coriolis was 92% for 10-μm particles. The biological performance of the Coriolis in the collection of airborne
fungal spores and pollen grains was evaluated in comparison with a Hirst spore trap (one-week tape-on-drum type sampler) which
is one of the most frequently used traps in the measurement of outdoor pollen grain concentrations. The advantages and limitations
of both technologies are discussed. The Coriolis was operated simultaneously with a Hirst spore trap in the sampling station
of Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique, France (RNSA); the pollen grain and fungal spore counts were analysed by
optical microscopy. The pollen grain count m−3 collected was compared for both devices. The dispersion values were obtained and statistical analysis was carried out. This
study shows that the Coriolis air sampler provided equivalent recovery of pollen grain and fungal spores compared with the
volumetric trap standard method (not significantly different, W test, α = 0.05). Nowadays, the French-led project, acronym MONALISA, with financial support from the European Commission––Life-Environment
(LIFE05 ENV/F/000068), is testing this innovative air sampler in order to measure the antigenicity/allergenicity of the main
aeroallergen particles, i.e. Betula (birch), Poaceae (grasses), Parietaria (pellitory), Olea spp (olive tree), and Artemisia (mugwort) pollen grains, and Alternaria (fungal spores) to validate a new approach of monitoring instead of quantifying pollen grains by their morphology. The robustness
and efficiency of the MONALISA system is being demonstrated at a national level throughout Europe in eight different countries
with different bio-climatic and topography characteristics: France, UK, Finland, Poland, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, and
Italy. 相似文献
2.
An assessment of the Sartorius MD8 microbiological air sampler 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S.R. Parks A.M. Bennett S.E. Speight J.E. Benbough 《Journal of applied microbiology》1996,80(5):529-534
Tests described in this paper show that gelatine membrane filters used in the MD8 microbiological air sampling system collected monodispersed aerosols between 0·7 and 1·0 μm containing viable Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores, with an efficiency of 99·9995%. Gelatine membrane filters linked to the MD8 control pump system were as effective as the well established Casella slit-to-agar device for collecting some viable bacteria, nebulized under controlled experimental conditions and naturally occurring airborne micro-organisms in a pharmaceutical plant. By using a long flexible hose connection to the control pump, the head could be positioned where sampling was required in locations remote from the pump exhaust, making it suitable for microbiological monitoring in critical locations such as laminar flow stations and isolators. 相似文献
3.
The Biotest RCS Plus air sampler was compared with the well-established Casella slit sampler for the quantitative analysis of the microbiological content of air. The results of the tests reported here show that the RCS Plus sampling efficiency is similar to that of the Casella sampler over the range of particles likely to be encountered in the environment. For particles less than 4 μm down to the sub-micronic sizes the efficiency of sampling falls off only gradually so that the efficiency of sampling for 1·0 μm particles is only reduced to about 50%. The ability to pre-select 10 different volumes (from 1 to 1000 1) enables the samplers to be used for measuring a wide range of concentrations of airborne micro-organisms in a variety of locations. 相似文献
4.
Summary Air and surface sampling to quantify and identify fungi were conducted over a 10-year period in 130 Belgian homes, including
flats and houses. Homes were selected based on the medical files of allergic, mostly asthmatic patients to assess possible
mould responsibility in the aetiology of the disease. Air sampling was done with Reuter centrifugal air sampler using different
sampling times and incubation temperatures to detect mesophilic and thermotolerant or thermophilic fungi. More than 50 genera
were detected, withCladosporium, Penicillium andAspergillus being the most common. The main species detected wereAspergillus versicolor, several species ofPenicillium, Cladosporium sphaerospermum andCladosporium herbarum. Surface sampling was conducted concomitant with air sampling. Surfaces with and without visible mould growth were tested
equally by Rodac contact plates or swabs. AlthoughCladosporium herbarum was shown to be a common species in indoor environments by air sampling, it was not detected by surface sampling from visible
mould growth. This finding suggests that its presence in dwellings is from an outdoor origin and not indicative of indoor
proliferation.Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium sphaerospermun, andPenicillium chrysogenum were the most common species isolated from surfaces showing visible mould growth. 相似文献
5.
Airborne Fungal Colony-Forming Units in Outdoor and Indoor Environments in Yokohama,Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The fungal concentration and flora in indoor and outdoor air in Yokohama, Japan were analyzed with a Reuter centrifugal air
sampler and dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18), and compared with the levels assessed with potato dextrose agar (PDA). The
number of fungal colony-forming units (CFU) in outdoor air was < 13–2750/m3; Cladosporium spp. predominated, followed by Alternaria spp. and Penicillium spp. The fungal concentration in outdoor air
peaked in September. The concentrations of fungi in outdoor air (n = 288) were significantly correlated with the maximum temperature
of the day, minimum temperature of the day, average temperature of the day, average velocity of wind of the day, average temperature
of the month, average relative humidity of the month and precipitation of the month. In indoor air, the fungal CFU was < 13–3750/m3. Cladosporium spp. predominated, followed by the xerophilic fungi such as the Aspergillus restrictus group, Wallemia sebi,
the A. glaucus group, and Penicillium spp. The fungal concentration in indoor air peaked in October. The concentrations of
fungi in indoor air (n = 288) were significantly correlated with the indoor temperature, indoor relative humidity and the
outdoor climatic factors mentioned above, except for the average velocity of wind of the day.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Experiments for microbiological evaluation of airborne particles were led in two haemodialysis rooms at the beginning and at the end of activity time (6 h). The efficiency of a new personal and portable aerobiological sampler in comparison with a fixed sampler and a traditional sedimetric method was evaluate. The personal and portable sampler allowed a good evaluation of concentration of bacteria and fungi per cubic metres of sampled air. Since its aspiration flow is equal to Minute Ventilation of an adult; this device provides a quantification of inhaled particles. We propose this device for evaluating the risk for patients and sanitary operators, for monitoring air quality and in implementing adequate environmental prophylaxis and for other applications, e.g. environmental applications. 相似文献
7.
Andrea Fiorina 《Aerobiologia》1998,14(2-3):299-301
Aerobiological studies are important in many fields, specifically in medicine as they enable the identification of those airborne
particles of biological origin coming into contact with man. These data are useful to evaluate the cause-effect ratio, to
prevent allergy, to adjust the dose of drugs. A personal sampler for aerobiological particles (PARTRAP FA 52) was handed over
to eleven atopic patients for a monitoring day. The sampling room was placed at about 15 cm from nose and mouth. The patients
also underwent the Prick test and RAST test. The personal sampler for aerobiological particles enables a qualitative and quantitative
sampling of the air close to the patient. More allergenic particles were found with the aerobiological personal sampling as
compared to the sensitisation shown by Prick test and RAST in the same patient. This sampling method can be useful to demonstrate
the cause-effect ratio directly near the patient and, moreover and can be indicative for further clinical and immunological
investigations. 相似文献
8.
INGGARD ARNE BLAKAR 《Freshwater Biology》1978,8(6):533-537
SUMMARY. A lightweight, free-flushing water and plankton sampler constructed of readily available, inexpensive material is described. Easily interchangeable tubes of varying volumes allow sampling flexibility. The sampler is activated by a messenger and is shut by two plastic funnels. For analyses in highly stratified waters, the sampler can be adjusted into the horizontal position. Several samplers may be tripped in series. The sampler has proved a versatile and reliable instrument in ecological studies.
The tripping mechanism may also be used to release reversing thermometers and closing nets. 相似文献
The tripping mechanism may also be used to release reversing thermometers and closing nets. 相似文献
9.
SUMMARY. Details are presented for the construction and operation of a cheap simple volume sampler for Zooplankton and water. This sampler has been used in waters up to 45 m deep over a number of years and proved to be reliable and effective. 相似文献
10.
Marta Gómez-Domenech Herminia García-Mozo Pura Alcázar Rui Brandao Elsa Caeiro Vinicius Munhoz Carmen Galán 《Aerobiologia》2010,26(2):149-155
The Coriolis δ air sampler is a new volumetric air sampler, dedicated to outdoor monitoring of airborne biological particles,
including pollen and spores. In the present work, the performance of the Coriolis in the collection of pollen grains was evaluated
in comparison with a Hirst spore trap, the most frequently used trap in aerobiological studies, in two cities of South Europe,
Evora (Portugal) and Córdoba (Spain). Both concentration values are compared, and statistical analysis was carried out. The
present study indicated that, in general, pollen counts for all taxa detected with the Hirst trap were higher than those detected
with the Coriolis δ in both cities. In Córdoba, significant differences were detected for all taxa except for Cupressus, Olea and Pinus, while in Evora significant differences were noted for all except Pinus and Poaceae. Differences were particularly marked in species flowering during April and May. In spite of theses differences,
Spearman correlation test results showed that the relationship between Hirst and Coriolis curves was always positive and significant
(p > 0.01). Regards to the number of detected taxa, the results showed greater diversity for the Hirst sampler in both cities. 相似文献
11.
A modified one-metre Friedinger sampler 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. E. IRISH 《Freshwater Biology》1980,10(2):135-139
SUMMARY. A 1-m water sampler is described together with results obtained from sampling a vertically stratified phytoplankton population of Ceratium hirundinella . These results were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance to partition the total variance into two components. Population estimates from 1-m sections taken sequentially from the surface waters to 5-m depth and integrated, were not significantly different ( P > 0.05) from those obtained using a 5-m vertical tube sampler: replicate sampling units taken with both samplers showed that Ceratium was contagiouly distributed in the vertical water column. 相似文献
12.
Pyankov OV Agranovski IE Pyankova O Mokhonova E Mokhonov V Safatov AS Khromykh AA 《Environmental microbiology》2007,9(4):992-1000
We have recently developed a new personal sampler and demonstrated its feasibility for detection of viable airborne microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and viruses. To accelerate the time-consuming analytical procedure involving 2-5 days of biological testing, we employed a real-time PCR protocol in conjunction with the personal sampler for collection of airborne viruses. The advantage of this approach is that if the presence of a particular pathogen in the air is detected by the PCR, the remaining collecting liquid can be further analysed by more time-consuming biological methods to estimate the number of airborne infectious/live microorganisms. As sampling of bioaerosols in natural environments is likely to be associated with substantial contamination by a range of microorganisms commonly existing in an ambient air, an investigation of the specificity of detection by targeted PCR analysis is required. Here we present the results of the study on the detection of Influenza virus in the ambient air contaminated with high concentrations of bacteria and fungi using real-time PCR protocol. The combined sampling PCR detection method was found to be fully feasible for the rapid ( approximately 2.5 h) and highly specific (no cross-reactivity) identification of the labile airborne virus in the air containing elevated concentrations of other microorganisms. 相似文献
13.
The construction and operation of a hand-operated box sampler is described. The sampler covers an area of 25 × 25 cm and penetrates into the sediment to the depth of 15 cm. It was successfully operated on a sandy bottom, and on sand mixed with gravel up to a water depth of 1 meter.IAEC, Yavne 70600, Israel 相似文献
14.
A moorable, automated plankton sampler is described, designed to obtain series of plankton samples over extended time periods in the absence of a surface vessel. The sampler consists of one or more net-containing boxes, a unit for generating as well as measuring water flow through the net boxes, a programmeable control unit, and a frame. Each net box contains several nets on a vinyl strip, used to move the nets from the storage chamber into the fishing position and then into the preservative chamber. Preservation of samples is in a formalin-brine mixture.Net boxes can be added and the number of nets per box changed; the prototype is described with 1 net box with 10 nets. Volume of water to be filtered, time between sample collections, number of net boxes and the number of nets in each box is programmed into the control unit before sampler deployment. Collections made with the sampler are compared with those made with a SCOR net and a pump. 相似文献
15.
A quantitative sampler for air-breathing aquatic insects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SUMMARY. A quantitative funnel-trap sampler for air-breathing aquatic insects is described. Performance tests with special reference to adult Glaenocorisa propinqua are presented. Abundance was calculated from pilot surveys with the funnel-trap sampler during 1976 and compared with results from a trial with the capture-recapture method. The influence of temperature on the frequency with which adult Glaenocorisa propinqua renews the bubble gilt was measured. 相似文献
16.
This note describes a portable, low-cost, pump-based, multi-purpose,surfacesubsurface, phytoplankton and zooplankton sampler.It is self-powered by a small 12 V DC battery, and is portableand ideal for use from a small boat in a river, estuary, orsea. The sampler is equipped with a very sensitive microprocessor-controlledflow sensor for precise determination of the volume of waterprocessed by the sampler. A study was carried out to evaluatethe performance of this sampler in comparison to the conventionaltowed plankton net. The results of this study suggest that thispump-based sampler is as efficient in collecting plankton asusing conventional plankton nets, with little damage to theorganisms. 相似文献
17.
Mobile slit sampler for pollen and spore sampling on motorways 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Harry Morrow Brown 《Aerobiologia》1991,7(1):69-72
Summary Pollen allergic patients often develop severe symptoms during or after driving on English motorways, suggesting very high
counts due to turbulence from vehicles disturbing the wayside grass which is usually allowed to pollenate. To investigate
this hypothesis the author made a slit sampler which is mounted on the vehicle, and indicates directly in litres the amount
of air sampled on to a vaseline coated slide. Grass pollen counts as high as 10,000/m3 have been found at the seasonal peak, and high concentrations of spores and pollution from particles of carbon from vehicle
exhausts have been observed. The device can take serial samples and may prove useful in the study of the epidemiology of plant
pathogens or air pollution with particulate matter. 相似文献
18.
The generalized Gibbs sampler (GGS) is a recently developed Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique that enables Gibbs-like sampling of state spaces that lack a convenient representation in terms of a fixed coordinate system. This paper describes a new sampler, called the tree sampler, which uses the GGS to sample from a state space consisting of phylogenetic trees. The tree sampler is useful for a wide range of phylogenetic applications, including Bayesian, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony methods. A fast new algorithm to search for a maximum parsimony phylogeny is presented, using the tree sampler in the context of simulated annealing. The mathematics underlying the algorithm is explained and its time complexity is analyzed. The method is tested on two large data sets consisting of 123 sequences and 500 sequences, respectively. The new algorithm is shown to compare very favorably in terms of speed and accuracy to the program DNAPARS from the PHYLIP package. 相似文献
19.
Masahiro Sakaguchi Sakae Inouye Yuichi Takahashi Susumu Kutagiri Hiroshi Yasueda 《Aerobiologia》1995,11(4):265-268
We examined the kinetics of airborne levels of mite allergen particles in a house by combined use of an indoor Burkard air
sampler and immunoblotting. Airborne mite allergens collected on the Burkard sampling tape were transferred onto a nitrocellulose
membrane, reacted with mouse monoclonal anti-mite allergen (Der pI) antibody, then treated with alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-mouse IgG. Finally, the blotted allergen on the membrane
was reacted with BCIP/NBT phosphatase, and purple spots visible by the naked eye were produced. The shape of the spots was
observed under a microscope, and the spot area was measured by an image processor. This technique might be useful for analyzing
the behavior of airborne allergen particles in indoor environments. 相似文献
20.
S. I. HEANEY 《Freshwater Biology》1974,4(2):103-106
A pneumatically-operated sampler for collecting water samples at close intervals of depth in lakes is described. The sampler uses plastic disposable syringes and may be operated at various depths and at the mud-water interface. Examples of results obtained with the sampler are given. 相似文献