Oxidative stress and inflammation in the normal airways and blood of patients with lung cancer and COPD

Respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with a greater risk for lung cancer (LC). Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in LC pathophysiology. Studies conducted so far have focused solely on lung tumor parenchyma and not the airways. We explored levels of local and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation within normal bronchial epithelium and blood of patients with lung cancer (n=52), with and without COPD, and in control subjects (COPD and non-COPD, n=21). In normal bronchial epithelium specimens (bronchoscopy) and blood from patients with similar smoking history (LC–COPD and LC) and control subjects (both COPD and non-COPD), redox balance and inflammatory markers were measured (ELISA and immunoblotting). All subjects were clinically evaluated. Absence of malignant cells within the bronchial specimens was always pathologically confirmed. Bronchial levels of protein carbonylation, MDA–protein adducts, antioxidants, TNF-α, interferon-γ, TGF-β, and VEGF and blood levels of superoxide anion, oxidatively damaged DNA and proteins, TNF-α, interferon-γ, TGF-β, VEGF, and neutrophils were significantly greater in all LC patients compared to control subjects. Systemic levels of oxidatively damaged DNA, superoxide anion, and TNF-α and bronchial levels of TGF-β and TNF-α showed high sensitivity and specificity for LC among patients. Regardless of the presence of an underlying respiratory condition (COPD), protein oxidation, oxidatively damaged DNA, and inflammation were remarkably increased in the normal airways and blood of patients with LC. Furthermore, the potential predictive value for LC development of these molecular events warrants attention and should be explored in future larger longitudinal studies.     

香菇多糖对老年进展期肺癌患者同步放化疗效果及呼吸道菌群的影响

目的探讨香菇多糖对老年进展期肺癌患者同步放化疗治疗效果及呼吸道菌群的影响,为后续研究提供参考。方法选取2016年6月至2018年10月我院收治的86例老年进展期肺癌患者为研究对象,将其随机分为研究组与常规组,各43例。常规组患者给予基础治疗联合同步放化疗,研究组在常规组基础上给予香菇多糖治疗。比较两组患者治疗后细胞免疫功能指标水平变化,呼吸道菌群结构变化,患者疗效及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后研究组患者CD3⁺细胞、CD4⁺细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平均提高,常规组水平均降低(均P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者CD3⁺细胞、CD4⁺细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者CD8⁺细胞水平均降低,且研究组低于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者呼吸道中优势菌属丰度差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组患者近期疗效分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中研究组患者临床有效率为58.14%,高于常规组的34.88%(P<0.05)。两组患者药物不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论香菇多糖可显著提高老年进展期肺癌同步放化疗患者免疫能力,改善患者呼吸道菌群结构,提高治疗效果且安全性较高。     

肺癌患者血清CEA、CYFRA21-1和NSE的检测及临床意义

目的探讨外周血癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的检测对肺癌的诊断、病理分型和疗效判断的临床用价值。方法采用化学发光法检测了62例肺癌患者、54例良性肺部疾病患者、36例健康人、40例肺癌患者手术前后血清CEA、CYFRA21-1和NSE的水平。结果肺癌患者手术前血清CEA、CYFRA21-1和NSE的含量明显高于良性肺部疾病组及正常对照组(P0.01)。鳞癌组、腺癌组和小细胞癌组之间肿瘤标志物CEA、CYFRA21-1和NSE水平差异有统计学意义。CEA阳性率以腺癌组最高(84%),CYFRA21-1阳性率以鳞癌组最高(85.2%),NSE阳性率以小细胞癌组最高(80.0%)。手术治疗后未复发转移组CEA、CYFRA21-1和NSE水平低于术前,而复发转移组与术前比变化不显著(P0.05)。结论血清CEA、CYFRA21-1和NSE的检测对不同病理类型肺癌患者的诊断、病情检测及疗效判断有较好的临床参考价值。     

Clinical significance of the expression of miRNA-21, miRNA-31 and miRNA-let7 in patients with lung cancer

ObjectiveTo explore the expression differences of miRNA-21, miRNA-31 and miRNA-let7 between lung cancer patient and healthy people, thereby providing reference for early diagnosis of lung cancer.MethodReal-time PCR was employed to determine the expression difference between lung cancer patients (50 cases) and healthy people (24 cases). The clinical data of lung cancer patients were analyzed to explore the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and expression level of miRNA-21, miRNA-31, miRNA-let7.ResultsThe relative expression levels of miRNA-21 and miRNA-31 in lung cancer group were obviously higher than those in healthy control group, and the relative expression level of miRNA-let7 in lung cancer group was slightly higher than that in healthy control group. Lung cancer patients with lymph node metastasis had higher expression level than those without lymph node metastasis. The ROC curve showed that the three miRNAs had clinical diagnosis efficiency for lung cancer, and the combined detection of the three miRNAs were more efficient in diagnosing lung cancer. Survival curve analysis suggested that the median survival times of patients in the miRNA-21 and miRNA-31 high expression groups were shorter than those in the low expression groups, and the median survival time of patients in miRNA-let7 high expression group was longer than that in the low expression group.ConclusionPlasma miRNA-21, miRNA-31 and miRNA-let7 may be diagnostic marker for lung cancer.