cDNA-AFLP技术在植物耐盐基因鉴定上的应用

cDNA-AFLP技术是近年来广泛应用于植物基因分离与表达研究的mRNA指纹图谱技术,在分离植物特异性基因等生物技术研究中发挥了巨大作用.在植物耐盐基因鉴定方面,该技术的应用处于新兴初始阶段,但已取得了诸多成效.本文在概述植物耐盐响应机制的基础上,着重对利用cDNA-AFLP技术鉴定的植物耐盐相关基因及其相应作用机制进行了阐述,并对其在植物耐盐分子生物学研究上的应用前景进行了展望.     

cDNA-AFLP和cDNA-SRAP技术在植物基因差异表达上的应用及其分析比较

对cDNA-AFLP和cDNA-SRAP技术在植物上的应用研究进行了介绍,指出cDNA-AFLP和cDNA-SRAP技术已逐渐成为基因表达研究的重要工具,是构建转录图谱、定位目标性状位点、研究差异基因表达等研究的主要手段,具有广泛广阔的应用前景.但是cDNA-AFLP和cDNA-SRAP技术均具有一定的缺限,主要表现在获得的差异片段还不够全面丰富.cDNA-AFLP可以扩增到扩增较多的带,但试验程序比较繁琐、昂贵而且耗时较长、操作较困难;而cDNA-SRAP相对比较简便、便宜而耗时较短,较易操作.因而将cDNA-AFLP与cDNA-SRAP技术结合起来,可望得到更全面丰富的差异片段,从而在植物基因差异表达、新基因发现、抗逆性分子机理研究等方面发挥更大的作用.     

用cDNA-AFLP及其改进的方法分析茶树花发育过程中的基因表达

利用cDNA-AFLP及其改进的cDNA-AFLP方法,分析茶树花发育过程中的基因表达。其发育过程中的基因表达可以分为3类:未成熟阶段发育特异基因;成熟阶段发育特异基因;茶树花发育过程中均表达的基因。利用改进的cDNA-AFLP方法,我们获得编码花药发育特异基因:pollen coat protein(Pcp)。用cDNA-AFLP方法,我们获得7个已知功能基因分别编码Cytchrome(P450),beta-primeverosidase,Dnaj-like protein,anthranilate phosphoribosyl transferase(AnPRT),Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenasesmall subunit(RubpS),alpha-tubulin和Carbonic anhydrase。用RACE方法获得pollen coat protein(Pcp),DnaJ-like protein和Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit等3个基因的全长,并已提交GenBank。     

cDNA-AFLP技术及其在植物基因表达研究中的应用

cDNA-AFLP技术是一种新的研究基因表达的技术,具有重复性好、稳定、可靠的特点,可对生物体转录组进行全面、系统的分析,广泛应用于基因表达特性研究、植物遗传标记分析和分离植物基因等方面.近年来随着技术的不断进步,设备的不断改进,许多新的研究方法不断的产生,该技术取得了迅速的发展.本文就cDNA-AFLP技术的原理、技术特点及其在植物基因表达研究中的应用进行了综述.     

鲤鱼cDNA-AFLP技术反应体系的建立

将cDNA扩增片段长度多态性(cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism)技术应用在鲤鱼基因的转录表达研究中,本文通过对cDNA-AFLP主要步骤的优化和改进,建立起鲤鱼cDNA-AFLP反应体系.结果表明,采用MseⅠ和 BstYⅠ酶切鲤鱼cDNA 100 ng,分别处理2 h和3 h后,以接头浓度分别为2 pmol/μL和0.2 pmol/μL、T4连接酶浓度为0.12 U/μL的反应体系进行连接.以稀释50倍的预扩增产物为模板、BstYⅠ和MseⅠ比例为1:4的引物配比进行选择扩增可得到稳定的扩增结果.本研究建立的cDNA-AFLP技术将为鲤鱼转录组研究建立基础和技术支持.     

小麦抗黄矮病相关基因cDNA-AFLP差异表达片段的验证

cDNA-AFLP技术是研究基因差异表达的有利工具,广泛用于植物抗病、抗逆和生长发育等研究领域.本研究以cDNA-AFLP技术分离的抗黄矮病小麦与感黄矮病小麦间差异表达片段为对象,利用反向Northern方法,从cDNA-AFLP技术筛选的46个候选抗黄矮病防御基因差异表达片段中,筛选出抗黄矮病相关防御基因片段6个;采用对回收的差异片段进行再扩增(延伸引物再扩增),再与原选扩产物一起进行PAGE电泳分析法,并结合半定量RT-PCR分析法,又验证了候选抗黄矮病相关基因表达片段3个.反向Northern方法以及对回收的差异片段进行再扩增(PAGE再分析法),结合(半)定量RT-PCR分析方法,可以比较准确地验证cDNA-AFLP所筛选出的基因差异表达片段.     

棉花细胞核雄性不育两用系差异表达基因分析

应用cDNA-AFLP对棉花ms5ms6双隐性核雄性不育两用系的不育株和可育株花粉发育的3个时期—造孢细胞时期、花粉母细胞时期和花粉粒时期进行对比分析,共得到17个差异表达片段,它们分别属于11种表达模式,其中14个片段可以在NCBI数据库中找到同源序列,功能分析表明这些片段所编码的基因可能参与了信号转导、转录、能量代谢、细胞壁发育等相关过程。Northern杂交结果证明检测片段的表达模式与cDNA-AFLP结果吻合。同时还在可育花药中发现了与玉米T型细胞质雄性不育恢复因子RF2基因高度同源的育性恢复因子类基因。     

乙烯利调控甘蔗生长前期基因表达初报

在甘蔗(Saccharum of ficinarum L.)生长前期分别叶面喷施200mg L-1乙烯利和清水,利用cDNA-AFLP技术分析甘蔗经不同处理后体内基因表达的差异情况,以期通过对差异表达基因进行序列分析和功能分析,探讨乙烯利调控甘蔗生长的分子机理。结果表明:经乙烯利处理后的甘蔗叶片,cDNA-AFLP的扩增产物多态性丰富,基因表达差异显著;部分差异片断序列与抗病、抗逆及促进光合作用等相关基因具有较高的同源性。     

利用单酶切cDNA—AFLP技术分离玉米对生性状相关基因差异表达片段

为了深入地研究对生玉米这一珍贵的高产育种种质资源和植物形态发育突变材料形成的分子机理和调控机制,通过构建合适的玉米对生、互生近等基因系总RNA池,首次采用改进的单酶切cDNA-AFLP技术,对扩增的玉米对生性状相关基因的差异表达片段进行筛选、分离和生物信息学分析.结果共获得29条差异表达片段:对生玉米增强表达23条、抑制表达6条.选取其中5条(STT-TT、STT-TC、STT-CC、STT-GC、SCT-TG)增强表达片段进行克隆和测序,序列同源性分析表明:STT-GC与烟草细胞色素b5基因有80%的同源性、SCT-TC与玉米、牛筋草、大麦、狗尾草、水稻等的α-微管蛋白基因有90%以上的同源性.实验证明:单酶切cDNA-AFLP技术是一种研究玉米基因差异表达的实用方法.     

cDNA-AFLP比较当归早薹基因转录差异反应体系的建立

建立了利用cDNA-AFLP技术对当归早薹相关的差异表达基因进行筛选的方法,优化了影响cDNA-AFLP试验结果的关键因子,包括选择性扩增模板量、酶离子浓度、dNTP浓度。结果表明,以1μL稀释10倍的预扩增产物作为模板、1.5 mmol/LMgCl2、0.6 mmol/L dNTP,进行的选择性扩增反应获得DNA片段分子量范围较广,在100-1 000 bp长度范围中均有扩增片段,是较为理想的选择性扩增的结果。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳验证了试验结果,在优化条件下利用部分引物组合可以较好地比较早薹当归在基因转录水平发生的差异。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism