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1.
Hiroyuki Motomura Carl D. Struthers Mark A. McGrouther Andrew L. Stewart 《Ichthyological Research》2011,58(4):315-332
The Scorpaena cardinalis complex, including S. cardinalis, S. jacksoniensis and S. orgila, is defined. The genus Ruboralga (type species: S. jacksoniensis) is regarded as a junior synonym of Scorpaena. Scorpaena jacksoniensis Steindachner 1866, previously treated as a junior synonym of Scorpaena cardinalis Solander and Richardson 1842, is regarded here as a valid species. Scorpaena cookii Günther 1874, previously treated as a valid species, is regarded here as a junior synonym of S. cardinalis. Thus, recent recognition of the two Australasian scorpionfishes, i.e., S. cardinalis and S. cookii, are re-identified in this study as S. jacksoniensis and S. cardinalis, respectively. Scorpaena plebeia Solander 1842 is regarded as a junior synonym of S. cardinalis. Scorpaena jacksoniensis is distributed along the east coast of Australia from southern Queensland to eastern Victoria, whereas S. cardinalis occurs around northern New Zealand, the Kermadec Islands and offshore islands of the Tasman Sea. A neotype is designated
for S. cardinalis. Morphological changes with growth in the two species are described in detail. 相似文献
2.
The warty cabbage Bunias orientalis is an invasive pest in much of central Europe, including much of Germany since the 1980s, whereas in other countries, such
as The Netherlands, it is a less common exotic species. Here, healthy larvae of Mamestra brassicae, which has been found feeding on B. orientalis plants in Germany, and larvae parasitized by one of its major larval endoparasitoids Microplitis mediator, were reared on both herbivore-induced and noninduced leaves of B. orientalis originating from single large populations growing in The Netherlands and central Germany. Herbivore performance was less
negatively affected than parasitoid performance by differences in plant quality. Development times in both M. brassicae and Mi. mediator were shorter on Dutch than German plants and also shorter on noninduced than induced plants. Moreover, survival and body
size of the parasitoid was more strongly affected by plant population and induction than survival of healthy M. brassicae. Chemical analyses of defensive secondary metabolites [glucosinolates (GS)] revealed that concentrations of the major GS sinalbin
were constitutively expressed in German plants whereas they were induced in Dutch plants. However, in separate feeding bioassays
in which preference for induced and noninduced leaves was compared separately, L3 instars of M. brassicae preferred noninduced German plants over Dutch plants but induced Dutch plants over German plants, revealing that changes
in primary metabolites or an unidentified non-GS compound mediates population-related differences in plant quality. The results
reveal asymmetric effects of plant quality in exotic plants on organisms in the second and third trophic level. 相似文献
3.
Aneta Kostadinova 《Systematic parasitology》2009,73(2):141-150
Sarabeev & Balbuena (2003) considered Dicrogaster perpusilla Looss, 1902 and D. contracta Looss, 1902 (Digenea: Haploporidae) synonymous. They designated a neotype for the type-species, D. perpusilla, from a sample of specimens ex Chelon labrosus off West Thurrock, UK. The morphology of the material (three specimen lots) studied by these authors was re-examined in detail
and compared with their data. The material labelled ‘D. perpusilla’ from off West Thurrock, from which the neotype specimen was selected, consists of 14 specimens; of these one might belong
to Haploporus Looss, 1902 and one to Haplosplanchnus Looss 1902. A well-developed genital atrium was observed in 11 of the 12 remaining specimens, and they all possess large
saccular caeca and a vitellarium consisting of two groups of loosely coalesced follicles rather than two compact masses. These
features suggest that the 12 specimens of this lot may belong to Saccocoelium Looss, 1902, but the state of the material does not permit its reliable identification. The specimen designated by Sarabeev
& Balbuena (2003) as the neotype of D. perpusilla represents a neogravid dorso-laterally mounted specimen and is unrecognisable. Although five of the six voucher specimens
of these authors may represent Dicrogaster spp., the poor state of this material does not allow its accurate identification. The metrical data obtained from this voucher
material indicate that juvenile and laterally mounted specimens have been used in the comparisons upon which the synonymy
of D. perpusilla and D. contracta was suggested. The overall conclusion of the study is that the synonymy of D. contracta and D.
perpusilla proposed by Sarabeev & Balbuena (2003) is based on questionable material. Since the neotype of D. perpusilla is unrecognisable, and a number of qualifying conditions of the ICZN in its designation were not met, the usage of the original
conception of the type-species of Dicrogaster given by Looss (1902) is recommended. 相似文献
4.
Kazuo Hoshino Yusuke Hibino Seishi Kimura Yoshihiko Machida 《Ichthyological Research》2011,58(2):184-187
5.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) is the preferred technique for gene transfer into crops. A major disadvantage of the technology
remains the complexity of the patent landscape that surrounds ATMT which restricts its use for commercial applications. An
alternative system has been described (Broothaerts et al. in Nature 433:629-633, 2005) detailing the propensity of three rhizobia to transform the model crop Arabidopsis thaliana, the non-food crop Nicotiana tabacum and, at a very low frequency, the monocotyledonous crop Oryza sativa. In this report we describe for the first time the genetic transformation of Solanum
tuberosum using the non-Agrobacterium species Sinorhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium sp. NGR234 and Mesorhizobium
loti. This was achieved by combining an optimal bacterium and host co-cultivation period with a low antibiotic regime during the
callus and shoot induction stages. Using this optimized protocol the transformation frequency (calculated as % of shoots equipped
with root systems with the ability to grow in rooting media supplemented with 25 μg/ml hygromycin) of the rhizobia strains
was calculated at 4.72, 5.85 and 1.86% for S. meliloti, R. sp. NGR234 and M. loti respectively, compared to 47.6% for the A. tumefaciens control. Stable transgene integration and expression was confirmed via southern hybridisation, quantitative PCR analysis
and histochemical screening of both leaf and/or tuber tissue. In light of the rapid advances in potato genomics, combined
with the sequencing of the potato genome, the ability of alternative bacteria species to genetically transform this major
food crop will provide a novel resource to the Solanaceae community as it continues to develop potato as both a food and non-food crop. 相似文献
6.
In Arabidopsis, NPR1 (non-expressor of pathogenesis related genes 1, AtNPR1) functions downstream of salicylic acid (SA) and modulates the SA mediated systemic acquired resistance. It is also involved
in a cross talk with the jasmonate pathway that is essential for resistance against herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens.
Overexpression of AtNPR1 in transgenic plants resulted in enhanced disease resistance. Recently, tobacco transgenic plants expressing AtNPR1 were shown to be tolerant to the early instars of Spodoptera litura (Meur et al., Physiol Plant 133:765–775, 2008). In this communication, we show that the heterologous expression of AtNPR1 in tobacco has also enhanced the oxidative stress tolerance. The transgenic plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to the treatment
with methyl viologen. This tolerance was associated with the constitutive upregulation of PR1, PR2 (glucanase), PR5 (thaumatin like protein), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and Cu2+/Zn2+ superoxide dismutase (SOD). This is the first demonstration of the novel function of heterologous expression of AtNPR1 in oxidative stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. 相似文献
7.
Tshering Penjor Toyoaki Anai Yukio Nagano Ryoji Matsumoto Masashi Yamamoto 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2010,6(6):931-939
We sequenced the rbcL genes of 64 accessions from 24 genera of Citrus relatives and analyzed them by neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. Both trees supported Swingle and Reece’s (1967) treatment of the subfamily Aurantioideae as monophyletic. However, the trees did not support Swingle and Reece’s treatment
of tribes and subtribes. The subgenera Citrus and Papeda were not clustered clearly. The analysis associated the Fortunella group with mandarin, Poncirus with Citrus ichangensis, Severinia buxifolia with Atalantia ceylanica, Microcitrus with Eremocitrus and Citrus micrantha, and Hesperethusa crenulata with Citropsis. Furthermore, Atalantia species showed polytomy. The classification of Swingle and Reece should be reviewed. 相似文献
8.
Two new taxa of Scolopia from the Andaman Islands are described and illustrated: Scolopia parkinsonii, a new species based on a recent collection and S. kermodei C. E. C. Fisch. var. minor, a new variety based on an old collection. 相似文献
9.
Hisashi Imamura 《Ichthyological Research》2008,55(4):399-406
The type specimens of platycephalid Platycephalus endrachtensis Quoy and Gaimard 1825 are regarded as being conspecific with Platycephalus arenarius Ramsay and Ogilby 1886, so the latter becomes a junior synonym. This species is characterized as having a caudal fin with four or more longitudinal
dark bands and lacking a yellow blotch. It is also found that Platycephalus westraliae (Whitley 1938), which had been considered to be a junior synonym of Platycephalus bassensis Cuvier 1829, is a valid species. Specimens that recently had been mistakenly identified as “P. endrachtensis,” having the caudal fin with three or four longitudinal dark bands and a yellow blotch on the upper lobe, should be referred
to P. westraliae. 相似文献
10.
11.
Pascal Montoro Sébastien Lagier Christelle Baptiste Benjamin Marteaux Valérie Pujade-Renaud Julie Leclercq Laurence Alemanno 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,94(1):55-63
In this article we describe the identification of endophytic bacteria belonging to three groups isolated from shoot tip cultures
of banana cv. Grand Naine in a recent study (Thomas et al. 2008) based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequence homology analysis. The first group included banana stocks that displayed obvious
colony growth on MS based tissue culture medium during the first in vitro passage. The second group constituted stocks that
were tissue index-negative for cultivable bacteria initially but turned index-positive after a few to several (4–8) in vitro
passages while the third group formed one sub-stock that turned index-positive after about 18 passages. The organisms belonged
to about 20 different genera comprising of α, β, γ-proteobacteria, Gram-positive firmicutes and actinobacteria. Visibly expressing easily cultured organisms during the first
in vitro passage included Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Ochrobactrum, Pantoea, Staphylococcus and Bacillus spp. Organisms of second group that were not detected or non-culturable originally constituted Brevundimonas, Methylobacterium, Alcaligenes, Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Microbacterium, Staphylococcus, Oceanobacillus and Bacillus spp. while the third group that turned cultivable after extended in vitro culturing included mostly non-filamentous actinobacteria
(Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Kocuria and Tetrasphaera spp.). The identification results suggested that the endophytes of second and third groups were not strictly obligate or
fastidious microbes but those surviving in viable but-non-culturable (VBNC) state and displaying gradual activation to cultivable
form during continuous tissue culturing. Several of the organisms isolated are known as beneficial ones in agriculture while
some organisms have possible implications in human health. The use of tissue cultures for isolating uncommon endophytes is
discussed.
Supply of live bacterial cultures or genetic material for research purpose is subject to their revival from glycerol stocks
(as some of the organisms showed poor tolerance) and the requestor obtaining written permission from the Director General,
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi-110001. 相似文献
12.
Hans de Bruijn 《Pal?ontologische Zeitschrift》2009,83(1):77-83
A large sample of Eumyarion cheek teeth (N = 569) from the Early/Middle Miocene boundary locality Sandelzhausen (MN5, Southern Germany), type locality E. bifidus Fahlbusch, 1964, is studied. It is concluded that this collection contains two species: E. bifidus and E. weinfurteri Schaub and Zapfe, 1953. The similarity in size and morphology of the cheek teeth of these two species is so great that only
the M1 and M2 can be recognised with certainty. Eumyarion bifidus seems to be a descendant of E. orhani de Bruijn et al., 2006 from the Early Miocene (MN3) of Southwestern Anatolia and is therefore considered to be an immigrant
into Central Europe.
相似文献
13.
Zhengfang Zhang Yanming Sheng Keyi Jiang Zhao Wang Yuguo Zheng Qing Zhu 《Biotechnology letters》2010,32(4):513-516
A newly isolated Bacillus megaterium with epoxide hydrolase activity resolved racemic glycidyl (o, m, p)-methylphenyl ethers to give enantiopure epoxides in 84–99% enantiomeric excess and with 21–73 enantiomeric ratios. The (S)-enantiomer was obtained from rac-glycidyl (o or m)-methylphenyl ether while the (R)-epoxides was obtained from glycidyl p-methylphenyl ether. The observations are explained at the level by enzyme-substrate docking studies. 相似文献
14.
Junko Kitagawa Takeshi Nakagawa Masaaki Okuda Masaharu Fukuoka Yoshinori Yasuda 《Economic botany》2008,62(4):594-603
Correcting Misperceptions about the History of
Castanea
Stands in
Satoyama
in Japan. Mistaken ideas about the naturalness of past and present landscapes are widespread in diverse cultures and in the scientific
literature, and many of these ideas are only now being seriously challenged by current research (e.g., Erickson 2006; Fairhead and Leach 1996; Hall 1998; Ramankutty and Foley 1999; Willis et al. 2004). For example, the chestnut, Castanea crenata, has long been an important tree in Japanese culture, which has been cultivated, among other things, for its much loved edible
nut and its valuable timber. Today, the widely-held view in Japan, which also appears in the scholarly and popular literature,
is that in the past Castanea stands covered a large area throughout Japan, and these stands only disappeared because of economic development, especially
in association with railway construction. Otaru, Hokkaido, is one of the places where people believe Castanea stands covered a large area and were deforested only recently. Local people in Otaru believe that the stand in Temiya Park
has existed since the Jomon Period. For a more accurate historical perspective on Japanese forestation, we have performed
pollen analysis to clarify the timing of the introduction of the Castanea tree into Otaru region and to reveal the history of this specific Castanea stand in Temiya Park. The results indicate that Castanea was first found in Otaru region 7100 B.P., but that it was not cultivated extensively until recently. Based on our study,
and on data from this area dating to the late 19th century, we concluded instead that the Castanea stand we studied in Temiya Park, Otaru, was established after the mid-20th century. We believe the results of this study
are applicable to Castanea stands in other parts of Japan as well. 相似文献
15.
Endophytic fungi are rich in orchids and have great impacts on their host plants. 53 endophytes (30 isolates from Dendrobium devonianum and 23 endophytic fungi from D. thyrsiflorum) were isolated, respectively, from roots and stems of Dendrobium species. All the fungi were identified by way of morphological and/or molecular biological methods. 30 endophytic fungi in
D. devonianum were categorized into 11 taxa and 23 fungal endophytes in D. thyrsiflorum were grouped into 11 genera, respectively. Fusarium was the dominant species of the two Dendrobium species in common. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of fermentation broth of these fungi was explored using agar
diffusion test. 10 endophytic fungi in D. devonianum and 11 in D. thyrsiflorum exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus among 6 pathogenic microbes (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus). Out of the fungal endophytes isolated from D. devonianum and D. thyrsiflorum, Phoma displayed strong inhibitory activity (inhibition zones in diameter >20 mm) against pathogens. Epicoccum nigrum from D. thyrsiflorum exhibited antibacterial activity even stronger than ampicillin sodium. Fusarium isolated from the two Dendrobium species was effective against the pathogenic bacterial as well as fungal pathogens. The study reinforced the assumption that
endophytic fungi isolated from different Dendrobium species could be of potential antibacterial or antifungal resource. 相似文献
16.
F. F. Mendonça C. Oliveira G. Burgess R. Coelho A. Piercy O. B. F. Gadig F. Foresti 《Conservation Genetics》2011,12(1):193-200
Despite Springer’s (1964) revision of the sharpnose sharks (genus Rhizoprionodon), the taxonomic definition and ranges of Rhizoprionodon in the western Atlantic Ocean remains problematic. In particular, the distinction between Rhizoprionodon terraenovae and R. porosus, and the occurrence of R. terraenovae in South American waters are unresolved issues involving common and ecologically important species in need of fishery management
in Caribbean and southwest Atlantic waters. In recent years, molecular markers have been used as efficient tools for the detection
of cryptic species and to address controversial taxonomic issues. In this study 415 samples of the genus Rhizoprionodon captured in the western Atlantic Ocean from Florida to southern Brazil were examined for sequences of the COI gene and the
D-loop and evaluated for nucleotide differences. The results on nucleotide composition, AMOVA tests, and relationship distances
using Bayesian-likelihood method and haplotypes network, corroborates Springer’s (1964) morphometric and meristic finding and provide strong evidence that supports consideration of R. terraenovae and R. porosus as distinct species. 相似文献
17.
18.
P. Tizzani M. G. Gallo A. Peano A. Molinar Min C. Martínez-Carrasco Pleite P. G. Meneguz 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2007,53(3):238-240
Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus, fam. Leporidae) has previously been shown to be a potential healthy carrier of dermatophyte fungi both geophilic (Microsporum gypseum, M. cookei, Trichophyton ajelloi, T. terrestre) and zoophilic (M. canis, T. mentagrophytes). In this communication, the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of a symptomatic dermatophyte infection in S. floridanus is described. 相似文献
19.
Neolebouria blatta n. sp. is described from Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus (Valenciennes) and Etelis carbunculus Cuvier in waters off New Caledonia. It differs from all other species of Neolebouria Gibson, 1976 but one, N. georgenascimentoi Bray, 2002, in the extension of the cirrus-sac to the ovary or nearly so. It differs from N. georgenascimentoi in its continuous, rather than interrupted, vitelline distribution. N. blatta belongs to a small group of similar Neolebouria species reported in deep-water lutjanids, which includes N. longisacculus (Yamaguti, 1970) n. comb., N. rooseveltiae (Yamaguti, 1970) n. comb. and N. ulaula (Yamaguti, 1970). 相似文献
20.
Seishi Kimura Daniel Golani Yukio Iwatsuki Motohiko Tabuchi Tetsuo Yoshino 《Ichthyological Research》2007,54(2):145-159
The Indo-Pacific marine atherinid fishes Atherinomorus forskalii (Rüppell, 1838), Atherinomorus lacunosus (Forster, 1801), and Atherinomorus pinguis (Lacepède, 1803) are redescribed as valid species based on the types and non-type specimens collected throughout the Indo-Pacific.
They are similar to each other chiefly in having a wide midlateral band (almost the same or greater than the midlateral scale
width), large mouth (posterior tip of upper jaw reaching to or beyond a vertical through anterior margin of pupil), and no
distinct tubercle at the posterior end of the dentary. All three species are distinguishable from congeners by those characters.
The three species have long been confused with each other or synonymized erroneously as a single species. Atherinomorus forskalii, known from the Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean, differs from Atherinomorus lacunosus and Atherinomorus pinguis in having conspicuous, large endopterygoid teeth, forming obvious tooth ridges. Atherinomorus lacunosus, widely distributed in almost the entire Indo-Pacific, from East Africa to Tonga, north to southern Japan, and south to northern
Australia, differs from Atherinomorus pinguis in having a wider midlateral band (the lower margin reaching to almost the center of the fourth scale row at level of the
anal fin origin vs. the lower margin reaching to the ventral end of the third scale row in Atherinomorus pinguis) and more numerous midlateral scales (40–44 vs. 38–41 in Atherinomorus pinguis). Atherina morrisi Jordan and Starks, 1906, Hepsetia pinguis mineri Nichols and Roemhild, 1951, Pranesus capricornensis Woodland, 1961, Pranesus maculatus Taylor, 1964, and Pranesus pinguis ruppelli Smith, 1965, are regarded as junior synonyms of Atherinomorus lacunosus. Atherinomorus pinguis is also widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, from East Africa to northern Australia and north to southern Japan.
Atherina pectoralis Valenciennes, 1835, is considered a junior synonym of Atherinomorus pinguis.
Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic format at 相似文献