白魔芋和花魔芋葡甘露聚糖研究

从白魔芋和花魔芋的块茎中分离纯化出两种魔芋葡甘露聚糖(Konjac Glucomannan,简称KGM),分别名为白魔芋葡甘露聚糖(aKGM)和花魔芋葡甘露聚糖(rKGM)。通过超离心、玻璃纤维纸电泳和凝胶过沪证明aKGM和rKGM都是均一的多糖。这两种多糖都由甘露糖(M)和葡萄糖(G)组成,其克分子比G/M:aKGM为1:1.69,rKGM为1:1.60,分子量前者为8.09×10~5,后者为7.37×10~5。酶水解实验和红外光谱分析说明aKGM和rKGM都是由甘露糖和葡萄糖以β-1,4-糖苷键连接的杂多糖;有O-乙酰基的特征吸收峰,说明在某些糖残基上可能有乙酰基团。     

魔芋精粉的加工工艺与设备

魔芋精粉的加工工艺与设备蒋建新（总社南京野生植物研究设计所,南京２１００４２）１魔芋简介魔芋属天南星科魔芋属多年生宿根草本植物。我国魔芋资源十分丰富,种植历史已达２０００年之久,且种类繁多。主产区分布在四川、云南、贵州、广西、广东、湖南、湖北、安徽等...     

不同光照强度下花魔芋（Amorphophallus konjac）与谢君魔芋（Amorphophallus xiei）光合特性及光保护机制研究

为探讨不同耐光性植物光合特性及光保护机制,本研究以耐高光的喜阴植物花魔芋（Amorphophallus konjac K.Coch）和典型的喜阴植物谢君魔芋（Amorphophallus xiei H.Li & Z.L.Dao）为材料,测定与分析在透光率为100%、15%及2%光照条件下两种魔芋的光合能力、抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化物和光合色素组分的含量。结果表明,花魔芋最大光合速率和气孔导度随着生长环境光照强度降低而显著降低（P<0.05）,谢君魔芋在透光率为15%时最大光合速率达最大值。大部分情况下,花魔芋的超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶活性比谢君魔芋高（P<0.05）,而谢君魔芋具有较高的过氧化物酶活性（P<0.05）。总的来看,在中高光照环境下两种植物的抗氧化酶活性较高（P<0.05）。在透光率15%时,花魔芋谷胱甘肽和抗坏血酸显著比谢君魔芋高（P<0.05）。谢君魔芋的光合色素含量在透光率为15%时最高（P<0.05）;相应地,花魔芋的光合色素含量在透光率为2%时含量最低（P<0.05）;在不同光照强度下花魔芋光合色素含量基本上显著高于谢君魔芋（P<0.01）。本研究结果暗示,喜阴植物花魔芋耐受高光可能源于相对较高的光合作用能力和有效的光保护机制。     

魔芋及魔芋多糖

魔芋是天南星科魔芋属(Amorphophallus)植物的泛称,种类很多,主要产于东半球热带、亚热带。魔芋属中的一些种类块茎富含人类需要的魔芋多糖(KGM),在食品、化工、医药等领域,用途广泛。中国魔芋资源丰富,含魔芋多糖多的种类主要有花魔芋(A.rivieri)和白魔芋(A.albus)两种,常年产魔芋精粉(主要含魔芋多糖)约7000吨,四川省的产量占50％以上。     

云南省花魔芋葡甘露聚糖提取方法的优化及测定

为探索云南省魔芋栽培现状,为魔芋葡甘露聚糖相关产品的开发提供技术支持,采集不同栽培地的花魔芋球茎,利用醇沉法设计正交实验提取魔芋球茎中葡甘露聚糖,优化提取方法并比较其含量差异。结果发现,四个因素对魔芋葡甘露聚糖的提取结果有不同程度的影响,其中因素A浸提温度对提取率影响最大,在魔芋葡甘露聚糖提取过程中,88℃提取率最高;醇沉时间及浸提时间对提取结果的影响次之;乙醇浓度相对于其他3个因素来说对实验的影响最小,各个因素对于提取结果影响的主次顺序为浸提温度(A)>醇沉时间(C)>浸提时间(B)>乙醇浓度(D)。魔芋葡甘露聚糖最佳的提取方法组合为A₂B₃C₁D₂,即88℃浸提0.5 h,85%乙醇醇沉6 h;此外,通过对比发现,不同产地的魔芋葡甘露聚糖提取率有差异,曲靖富源大河的花魔芋样品提取率最高,为12.87%,云南省昆明市禄劝县撒永山山区生产的魔芋葡甘露聚糖提取率为9.955%;其它地区如云南省曲靖市马龙县纳章方郎山区、云南省曲靖市马龙县大庄宜良山区的魔芋中粗葡甘露聚糖提取率分别为5....     

魔芋凉皮感官质量影响因素分析

以综合品质感官评分为考察指标,研究了鲜魔芋、食用碱和水的最佳配比,考察了不同处理条件对魔芋凉皮最终品质的影响,得出了最佳工艺参数：鲜魔芋、碱以及纯水的比例为1∶0.06∶6;水煮、蒸制和冷冻时间分别为10min、25min、8h。按这样的配方与工艺制作的魔芋凉皮色泽光亮,软硬适中,有嚼劲,而且富有弹性。     

不同品种魔芋精粉中氨基酸含量分析研究

花魔芋和白魔芋精粉中均含有 18种水解氨基酸和 18种游离氨基酸 ,前者水解氨基酸的总量为 2 .4 4 % ,其中必须氨基酸质量分数为 0 .6 2 % ,游离氨基酸总量为 1.10 % ,其中游离必须氨基酸质量分数为 0 .33% ;后者水解氨基酸总量为 2 .0 1% ,其中必须水解氨基酸质量分数为 0 .5 6 % ,游离氨基酸总量为 0 .4 1% ,其中必须游离氨基酸质量分数为 0 .13%。提示白魔芋和花魔芋精粉中氨基酸含量略有差异 ,但此差异不大 ,其品质 ,营养价值及特性等主要取决于魔芋精粉中主要成分葡甘聚糖的含量     

魔芋珍珠奶茶加工工艺研究

以魔芋精粉、红茶粉、乳粉、木糖醇、木薯淀粉等为主要原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验,得到了魔芋奶茶较优配方为魔芋精粉7g、红茶粉9g、乳粉50g、木糖醇25g;魔芋珍珠较优配方为木薯淀粉90g、魔芋精粉8g、海藻酸钠2g、碳酸钙0.15g。在该条件下制成的魔芋珍珠奶茶冲饮时口感丝滑、奶香浓郁。     

枸杞子糖蛋白的分离纯化,物化性质及糖肽键特征

从宁夏枸杞子提取得到的粗多糖,经ＤＥＡＥ－Ｃｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅ和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００柱层析,得到均一的枸杞子糖蛋白ＬｂＧＰ。分子量由ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定为８８ｋｄ,糖含量为７０％,糖组成为Ａｒａ：Ｇａｌ：Ｇｌｃ＝２．５：１．０：１．０,并含有其他１８种天然氨基酸。初步分析表明ＬｂＧＰ是Ｏ－连接的糖蛋白。     

GL—7—ACA酰化酶在大肠杆菌中的分泌表达

利用来自假单胞菌的ＧＬ－７－ＡＣＡ酰化酶的信号肽和表达元件基因片段构建了ＧＬ－０７－ＡＣＡ酰化酶的分泌型高表达质粒ｐＴｒｃＣＡ１Ｓ和ｐＫＫＣＡ１Ｓ,其中ｐＴｒｃＣＡ１Ｓ为ＩＰＴＧ诱导型质粒,ｐＫＫＣＡ１Ｓ为组成型质粒。ｐＴｒｃＣＡ１Ｓ和ｐＫＫＣＡ１Ｓ转入受体菌ＴＧ１中都可高表达ＧＬ－７－ＡＣＡ酰化酶基因并将表达产物转运到周质空间,完整细胞酰楷酶比活力分别为２３．９单位每克菌体和１８．３单位每克菌体     

魔芋无土栽培营养液配方研究初报

分别采用全MS、1/2MS、1/5MS、1/10MS(含大量元素、微量元素和铁盐)、1/10MS大量元素营养液(不含微量元素和铁盐)定期浇灌用蛭石栽培的不同级别的魔芋,前50d生长状况没有差异,50-80d以1/2MS-1/10MS营养液为佳,80-110d时1-5MS-1/10MS生长较好;魔芋在缺乏微量元素的营养液中后期生长不良,提前倒苗;产量分析结果表明:35g以上的种芋以1/2MS最高,35g以下的种芋以1/10MS最高,魔芋的耐盐浓度在2.25‰以下,高盐浓度对块茎的形成有毒害作用,造成产量大幅度下降,添加微量元素和铁有较好的增产作用。     

Elevated atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide and dry matter production of konjak (Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch)

Konjak (Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch) was grown under normal (350 bar) or enriched (700 bar) CO₂ partial pressure in glasshouses kept at 33/26 °C. Doubling the CO₂ partial pressure resulted in twice the yield of corm because the net CO₂ assimilation rate doubled and, due to the simple source-sink relationship, the increased production was partitioned to the corm. The response to CO₂ of assimilation by konjak is discussed in relation to its original habitat in the tropics.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.