基因工程乳酸菌的应用研究进展

随着分子生物学技术的不断发展,重组基因工程乳酸菌取得了较快的进展.本文主要从基因工程乳酸菌在食品、药品、保健品、饲料养殖领域中的应用进行综述,以便正确认识、了解和使用基因工程乳酸菌,对其进一步的研究以及开发应用具有深远的意义.     

抗肿瘤基因工程单链抗体导向药物

过去30年肿瘤治疗取得了极大的进步,基因工程技术推动了肿瘤免疫治疗的发展,以基因工程为基础的单链抗体导向药物成为肿瘤免疫治疗的新热点,其用于治疗肿瘤的药物研究取得了重大进展.研究表明,基因工程单链抗体导向药物能特异性结合肿瘤相关靶点,对肿瘤细胞有选择性的杀伤作用,并在动物实验中有显著的疗效.基因工程单链抗体导向药物在肿瘤治疗中将发挥重要作用,具有广阔的应用前景.综述了这一领域的发展,并对其前景进行了预测.     

基因工程抗体研究进展

基因工程抗体技术的发展十分迅速,其应用也极其广泛,本文将介绍核糖体展示、噬菌体表面展示等基因工程抗体技术及应用进展。     

纤维素降解菌的研究与应用进展

本文介绍了纤维素降解菌的研究进展和纤维素基因工程菌的开发,以及纤维素降解菌在农业和工业的应用进展,为探索和应用纤维素降解菌提供了新方向和思路.     

双特异性抗体药物应用进展

基因工程的飞速发展推动了新型双功能抗体药物的成功研制。目前双功能抗体药物主要应用于肿瘤的免疫治疗、自身免疫疾病和感染类疾病的治疗,在组织再生和临床诊断领域也有应用。就双特异性抗体的发展史进行了简要回顾,对其在免疫治疗、组织再生和临床诊断等领域中的应用进展进行了综述,并展望了未来的发展方向,以期为新型双特异性抗体药物的研制提供参考。     

新书介绍

<正>生物药物分析(第二版)化学工业出版社出版ISBN 978-7-122-19003-1主编:何华副主编:焦庆才戚雪勇定价:69.00元开本:16开出版日期:2014年3月本书围绕微生物药物、基因工程药物、动植物细胞组织提取的药物等生物药物的质量研究、监控等编写。以各种生物学检测方法的原理、基本知识和操作技术为主,同时介绍多种物理化学的分析方法。本书系统总结了当前各种生物药物分析方法的原理、技术及应用进展,内容包括生物药物分析的信息获取,药物分析方法的选择、建立和认证,光谱技术,酶法分析,电泳法分析,免疫分析法,高效液相色谱法,生物质谱法,生物核磁共振法,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白质类药品检验,酶类药品检验,糖类、脂类和核酸类药品检验,基因工程药物质量控制,生物药物研发和药物分析,生物药物分析进展和动态。     

基因工程在农作物育种上研发应用新进展

以文献调研结果为依据,概述了基因工程的基本概念与基本模式,外源DNA导入的方式与表达的条件;应用基因工程培育优质、高产、抗病、抗虫、抗除草剂与抗逆性强农作物品种的进展;预测并展望了基因工程在实现农业现代化目标中的作用、开发应用重点与前景。     

新型基因工程药物

本文主要介绍转基因植物基因工程生产的疫苗、转基因动物乳腺生物反应器生产的基因工程药物的基本生产方法以及应用研究进展,重点分析了这些新型基因工程药物的优点和存在的问题．概括了微生物发酵、动物细胞培养生产的基因工程药物的临床试验及投放市场的现状．     

基因工程药物在国内的开发情况

基因工程药物在国内的开发情况丁锡申（中国生物制品药品检定所１０００５０）随着生物技术日新月异的发展．给我国医药工业生产带来了巨大的变化。国内除国家和医药企业投入资金开发基因工程药物外,房地产商、电子工业和烟草工业的企业家们也纷纷投人大量资金研制基因工程药物．据不完全统计目前国内已有各类生物技术公司２００余家。这一形势对开发基因工程药物十分有利.     

浅谈基因工程在医学上的应用

基因工程是在生物学基础上发展起来的一门科学技术,在医学上的应用前景非常广阔,文章重点介绍了基因工程在新药物的研制、常见疾病的诊断和疾病治疗等方面的应用。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Comparison of BMI and percentage of body fat of Indian and German children and adolescents

Today, serious health problems as overweight and obesity are not just constricted to the developed world, but also increase in the developing countries (Prentice 2006, Ramachandram et al. 2002). Focusing on this issue, BMI and percentage of body fat were compared in 2094 schoolchildren from two cross-sectional studies from India and Germany investigated in 2008 and 2009. The German children are in all age groups significantly taller, whereas the Indian children show higher values in BMI (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 22 kg/m2; German: around 19 kg/m2) and in the percentage of body fat (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 27%; German: around 18-20%) in most of the investigated age groups. The Indian children have significantly higher BMI between 10 and 13 (boys) respectively 14 years (girls). Indian children showed significant higher percentage of body fat between 10 and 15 years (boys) and between 8 and 16 years (girls). The difference in overweight between Indian and German children was strongest at 11 (boys) and 12 (girls) years: 70% of the Indian but 20% of the German children were classified as overweight. In countries such as India that undergo nutritional transition, a rapid increase in obesity and overweight is observed. In contrast to the industrialized countries, the risk of overweight in developing countries is associated with high socioeconomic status. Other reasons of the rapid increase of overweight in the developing countries caused by different environmental or genetic factors are discussed.     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000