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1.
用DNA指纹图谱分析了甘薯(Ipomoea batatasLam.)徐薯18和AB78-1品系及它们的正反交子代叶绿体DNA,结果显示子代叶绿体DNA指纹均与母本相同,而未发现与父本或双亲相同的指纹图谱,因此在该杂交组合中质体遗传方式为母系遗传,这个结论与先前根据细胞学研究所推测的甘薯质体遗传试不同。表明旋花科植物可能并不存在一个一致的父系或双亲质体传递模式。DNA指纹图谱分析用于质体遗传的研究尚未见报道,本文对其优越性进行了讨论。 相似文献
2.
Genetic structure and mating system in the palila, an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, as assessed by DNA fingerprinting 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
We conducted DNA fingerprinting analyses to ascertain the mating system and population genetic structure of the palila, an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, which occupies a fragmented range on the Mauna Kea volcano of the island of Hawai'i. DNA fingerprinting of twelve complete families from the Pu'u La'au population revealed no evidence of extrapair fertilization or intraspecific brood parasitism. Band-sharing coefficients from fingerprints produced with two probes revealed that the large Pu'u La'au population on the southwest slope of Mauna Kea, and a smaller, geographically separate population on the east slope (at Kanakaleonui) had relatively high and virtually identical levels of minisatellite variability (mean S of 0.27 for each population based on combined data of M13 and Jeffreys 33.15 probes). The two populations also had nearly identical allele frequencies based on their mean corrected similarity, Sij , of 0.98. These data suggest that the two populations have not been fragmented long and/or have sufficient current gene flow to ameliorate any affects of genetic drift. We conclude that present levels of inbreeding are low within both populations, and that proposed translocations of individuals from Pu'u La'au to Kanakaleonui appear appropriate from a genetic standpoint. 相似文献
3.
利用ISSR分子标记对7种12居群的川产淫羊藿属植物进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析。结果发现23个ISSR随机引物共扩增194条清晰条带,其中169条具多态性,平均多态性位点比率为87.11%,有效等位基因数Ne=1.534 2,Nei基因多样性指数H=0.314 4,Shannon多样性指数I=0.469 7,表明物种间遗传多样性丰富。7种川产淫羊藿属植物间的遗传相似系数为0.653 2~0.748 9,聚类分析和主成分分析直观的显示出12份供试材料间的亲缘关系,并将其分为两类。表明ISSR分子标记技术可以用于川产淫羊藿属植物的遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。 相似文献
4.
The Swedish sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) is a relict species from the period of warmth following the last glacial episode and has a fragmented distribution in central Sweden and a more continuous distribution in the southern part of the country. We used this model system of colonization–extinction for a study of genetic variability within and among Swedish populations from different parts of the distribution range using multilocus DNA fingerprinting. The results from the Swedish populations are then contrasted with those from a large Hungarian population in the centre of the species geographical distribution range, which is likely to closely resemble the ancestral founding population of Sweden. Swedish populations have a low level of genetic variability compared with the Hungarian reference population, which showed a genetic variability within the range described for outbred populations. Within the Swedish populations, the average bandsharing was 0.61, the mean heterozygosity 0.45 and the estimated number of alleles 2.7. The figures for the Hungarian population were a bandsharing of 0.19, a heterozygosity of 0.89 and an estimated number of alleles of 9.8. A population bottleneck, common to all Swedish sand lizards, is indicated by less than 20% of the alleles in the Hungarian population being retained in the Swedish populations, and higher bandsharing similarity between different Swedish populations (0.33) as opposed to the Hungarian population (0.19). The limited variability found in Swedish sand lizards is strongly subdivided between populations, with an average FST of 0.32, indicating a very limited gene flow between the isolated populations, as well as between populations in the region where the sand lizard has a more or less continuous distribution (FST = 0.41). 相似文献
5.
The level and pattern of genetic variation was analyzed in four species of the fern genus Adiantum L., A. hispidulum Sw., A. incisum Forrsk., A. raddianum C.Presl, and A. zollingeri Mett. ex Kuhn, originating from South India, using the ISSR fingerprinting method. The populations of Adiantum possessed a considerable level of genetic variation, the diversity indices ranging from 0.284 to 0.464. Only 12% of the ISSR
markers found were restricted to one species only, and 54% were detected in all four species. The analysis of molecular variance
revealed that 71.1% of variation was present within populations. The proportion of variation detected among species was only
18.5% while the proportion of variation among populations within species equalled 10.4%. Despite the low level of intrageneric
differentiation, the discriminant analysis and clustering of genetic distances indicated that the four Adiantum species are genetically distinct. The FST values calculated for the species were low, varying from 0.089 to 0.179. No linkage disequilibrium was detected between the
loci. Such low level of differentiation among populations and the presence of linkage equilibrium reflect that the life history
of Adiantum ferns apparently involves common or relatively common sexuality, effective wind-dispersal of spores and outcrossing. 相似文献
6.
目的探讨用非放射性标记的寡聚核苷酸探针(GTG)5进行近交系小鼠的DNA指纹分析。方法用非放射性标记的寡聚核苷酸探针(GTG)5制作BALB/c、C57BL/6J、DBA/2、C3H近交系小鼠的DNA指纹图,对这四个品系的小鼠进行遗传检测,分析各品系内和品系间的遗传变异性。结果(GTG)5探针可产生具有良好多态性的DNA指纹图,平均图带数为8~12条。各品系内的DNA指纹图平均相似系数(-x)在0.96~1.00的范围内,具有相同指纹图的概率(P)均在3.1×10-1以上,极显著地高于品系间的相似系数(0.22~0.39)和相同指纹图的概率(P<1.07×10-4)。结论(GTG)5可用于制作近交系小鼠的DNA指纹图以对其进行遗传检测。 相似文献
7.
The Swedish, Finnish and Norwegian population of Canada geese (Branta canadensis), now amounting to some 30–50 000 birds, was founded by only five individuals. We used DNA fingerprinting to assess the level of genetic variability in minisatellite loci of Swedish Canada geese from two northern areas. For comparison, we estimated the minisatellite variability in lesser white-fronted geese (Anser erythropus), barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) and a reintroduced stock of Canadian giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima). The mean similarity between Swedish Canada geese was 0.76 ± 0.15, which is higher than recorded for any other natural bird population. The high similarity implies that a fourfold increase of homozygosity has taken place in this population. The probable cause for the loss of variation is the low number of birds originally introduced and a history of repeated translocations, leading to a sequence of founder events. As a consequence of the high similarity, it has not been possible to use DNA fingerprinting for determination of parenthood in the population studied. 相似文献
8.
Paulo Vieira Wolfgang Burgermeister Manuel Mota Kai Metge Gon?alo Silva 《Journal of nematology》2007,39(2):118-126
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) technique was used to assess the level of genetic variability and genetic relationships among 24 Portuguese isolates of pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The isolates represent the main infested areas of Portugal. Two additional isolates of B. xylophilus representing North America and East Asia were included, and B. mucronatus was used as out-group. Twenty-eight random primers generated a total of 640 DNA fragments. The Nei and Li similarity index revealed a high genetic similarity among the Portuguese isolates (above 90%). Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to illustrate the relatedness among the isolates. No indication for separate groups among the Portuguese isolates was obtained, and the low level of genetic diversity strongly suggests that they were dispersed recently from a single introduction. The lack of apparent relationship between the genetic and the geographic matrices of the Portuguese isolates limits the use of this technique for following recent pathways of distribution. Genetic distance of the Portuguese isolates towards an isolate from China was much lower as compared to an isolate from the USA. This confirmed previous results suggesting an East Asian origin of the Portuguese B. xylophilus. 相似文献
9.
Genetic Variation in Indian Populations of Scirpophaga incertulas as Revealed by RAPD-PCR Analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lalitha Sunil Kumar Arun S. Sawant Vidya S. Gupta Prabhakar K. Ranjekar 《Biochemical genetics》2001,39(1-2):43-57
Scirpophaga incertulas, commonly referred to as yellow stem borer, is a predominant pest of rice causing serious losses in its yield. Genetic variation among populations of Scirpophaga incertulas collected from 28 hotspot locations in India was examined using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). In all, 32 primers were used and 354 amplification products were observed. No RAPD-PCR bands diagnostic to the pest population from any specific region were identified. Cluster analysis using UPGMA showed that, with the exception of the pest population from Pattambi, all the populations cluster as one group with GD values in the range of 6–22%, suggesting that gene flow between populations is independent of geographic distance and appears to be unrestricted. The relatively high GD value of 48% exhibited by the pest population from Pattambi was the only exception. 相似文献
10.
11.
We compared the genetic diversity and distance among six German draught horse breeds to wild (Przewalski's Horse), primitive (Icelandic Horse, Sorraia Horse, Exmoor Pony) or riding horse breeds (Hanoverian Warmblood, Arabian) by means of genotypic information from 30 microsatellite loci. The draught horse breeds included the South German Coldblood, Rhenish German Draught Horse, Mecklenburg Coldblood, Saxon Thuringa Coldblood, Black Forest Horse and Schleswig Draught Horse. Despite large differences in population sizes, the average observed heterozygosity (H(o)) differed little among the heavy horse breeds (0.64-0.71), but was considerably lower than in the Hanoverian Warmblood or Icelandic Horse population. The mean number of alleles (N(A)) decreased more markedly with declining population sizes of German draught horse breeds (5.2-6.3) but did not reach the values of Hanoverian Warmblood (N(A) = 6.7). The coefficient of differentiation among the heavy horse breeds showed 11.6% of the diversity between the heavy horse breeds, as opposed to 21.2% between the other horse populations. The differentiation test revealed highly significant genetic differences among all draught horse breeds except the Mecklenburg and Saxon Thuringa Coldbloods. The Schleswig Draught Horse was the most distinct draught horse breed. In conclusion, the study demonstrated a clear distinction among the German draught horse breeds and even among breeds with a very short history of divergence like Rhenish German Draught Horse and its East German subpopulations Mecklenburg and Saxon Thuringa Coldblood. 相似文献
12.
Hilary C. Miller David M. Lambert Craig D. Millar Bruce C. Robertson Edward O. Minot 《Conservation Genetics》2003,4(3):265-274
An important goal of the conservationmanagement program of the critically endangeredground parrot, the New Zealand kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) is the determination ofparentage and levels of genetic diversitywithin the remaining population. Our previousmicrosatellite DNA studies have shown that allindividuals of this species except one arehomozygous at seven loci examined. Incontrast, we now show that a minisatellite DNAanalysis of kakapo provides sufficientvariation to conduct paternity analyses anddetect heterogeneity within the 86 livingkakapo. The sole remaining Fiordland kakapo,Richard Henry, is shown to be geneticallydivergent from individuals originating from theonly other remaining population on StewartIsland, suggesting that two lineages of kakapoare present in the extant population. This hasparticular significance for the conservationmanagement goal of maintenance of the maximumgenetic diversity in the species as a whole. The example of the kakapo illustrates thatminisatellite DNA markers can be useful incases where microsatellite DNA fails to showsufficient variation. 相似文献
13.
寡核苷酸探针进行DNA指纹分析在法医学上应用的评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文用自制的寡核苷酸探针(CAC)5/(GTG)5,对与法医学应用有关的问题进行了研究。从室温下放置三年的血痕得到不完全的DNA指纹图;从同一个体不同组织的DNA得到完全一致的结果;从混合斑中分离出精子DNA进行DNA指纹检验,并与同一供体的血液DNA指纹图进行比较;还仅有0.25μg的DNA获得了可分辨的DNA指纹图。此外,用限制性内切酶HaeⅢ代替Hinfl酶切入的基因组DNA,也获得了高度多 相似文献
14.
Genetic differentiation in Hippocrepis emerus (Leguminosae): allozyme and DNA fingerprint variation in disjunct Scandinavian populations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The structure of genetic variation in disjunct Scandinavian populations of Hippocrepis emerus was studied using allozymes and DNA fingerprinting. Variation in the three native regional populations in Scandinavia was compared with that in a recently introduced population in Sweden. In contrast to the recently introduced population, the native Scandinavian isolates of H. emerus showed high levels of allozyme fixation and low levels of DNA diversity. Variation in allozymes and at DNA fingerprint loci showed closely congruent patterns of geographic variation, with pronounced differentiation between the native Norwegian and Swedish isolates of the species. The structure of genetic variation in native Scandinavian H. emerus is interpreted in terms of historical population bottlenecks and founder events during the species' postglacial immigration into Scandinavia. 相似文献
15.
中国石榴栽培群体遗传多样性的荧光AFLP分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以中国山东、安徽、陕西、河南、云南和新疆6个栽培石榴群体的85个品种类型为试材,利用荧光标记AFLP对中国石榴群体遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明:8对引物组合在种级水平扩增的多态性位点数范围从135~185个不等,平均为158.25个,多态位点百分比范围为62.5%~86.11%,平均为73.26%,说明中国石榴品种遗传多样性较为丰富;石榴品种种级水平遗传多样性大于群体水平,6个群体的遗传多样性依次为河南群体〉新疆群体〉陕西群体〉安徽群体〉山东群体〉云南群体,并且具有显著性差异;群体间的遗传分化系数GST为0.2018,说明石榴遗传变异主要存在群体内,群体间的遗传变异占总变异的20.18%,根据基因分化系数,测得的基因流Nm为1.9027,说明中国石榴群体间存在适当的基因交流;UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,同一群体的大部分品种都聚在一起,但同时存在部分基因交流。所有遗传参数表明,中国石榴栽培品种遗传多样性较为丰富,其中河南群体遗传多样性显著高于其他群体,在中国石榴品种选育中具有更为广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
16.
The long-eared owl is a nocturnal predator which winters communally and breeds in the same areas in loose colonies during the spring. We tested the hypothesis that roosts, particularly stable roosts, are formed by close relatives, a condition under which group-related behaviours such as information sharing or helping at nest are more likely to be developed. DNA fingerprinting analysis was used to examine genetic similarity within and between two long-eared owl populations, one wintering in a traditional roost and the other in an unstable roost, and both breeding around their roosting sites. Although genetic similarity within roosts was higher than that between roosts, the difference was not significant. Observed genetic similarity within roosts was smaller than that reported in the bird species whose roosts work as information centres. On the other hand, the presence of some closely related individuals in the roost and behavioural observations suggest that co-operation between kin might have occurred, at least in one of the two study sites. 相似文献
17.
Genetic Diversity of Cattle in South China as Revealed by Blood Protein Electrophoresis 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Genetic variation of 31 blood protein loci in236 cattle from eight South China populations (includingmithan, Bos frontalis) and a Holstein population wasinvestigated by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Thirteen loci (ALB, CAR, Hb-b,Np, PGM, Amy-I, PEP-B, AKP, 6PGD, Cp, Pa, EsD, and TF)were found to be polymorphic. The comparison of averageheterozygosities (H) shows that all the native cattle embrace a rich genetic diversity. Ourresults on protein polymorphism suggest that cattle inChina originated mainly from Bos indicus and Bos taurus;Xuwen, Hainan, Wenshan, and Dehong cattle and the Dehong zebu are close to zebu-type cattle,and Diqing and Zhaotong cattle are close to the taurine.The mithan was very different from other native cattle,and we suggest that its origin was complicated and may be influenced by other cattlespecies. 相似文献
18.
Genomic DNA from tsetse flies (Diptera : Glossinidae: Glossina Wiedemann) was analyzed by hybridization using the whole M13 phage as a probe to reveal DNA fingerprinting (DNAfp) profiles. Intrapopulation variablity, measured by comparison of DNAfp profiles of tsetse flies from large colony of G. brevipalpis, showed a high degree of polymorphism similar to that found in other animal species. Different lines of G. m. morsitans, G. m. centralis, G. m. submorsitans, G. p. palpalis and G. p. gambiensis established from small colonies displayed less genetic variability than the G. brevipalpis population. The analysis of pedigree relationships within an inbred line of G. m. centralis conformed to a Mendelian inheritance pattern. In the pedigree presented no mutations were observed, one fragment was linked to the X chromosome, and three fragment sets were linked, but most fragments showed independent segregation. M13 revealed no characteristics DNAfp profile differences between the subgenus Glossina and the subgenus Nemorhina, but a conserved distribution pattern was found in the laboratory colonies within each subspecies. M13 also revealed line specific DNA fragments that may be useful as genetic markers to expand the present linkage map of G. m. morsitans. 相似文献
19.
Gambel oak is a short shrub to medium-sized tree of southwest North America for which the potential to grow in large clonal stands has been proposed. Here we use three different multilocus VNTR DNA probes (synthesized via PCR) to demonstrate that clones growing together can be identified, but individual clones exceeding 50 m in diameter do not commonly occur in the study population of Quercus gambelii . Further, using a hierarchical sampling scheme (three circular transects with diameters of 9, 1100, and 28 000 m), we estimate that for nonclonal individuals: (i) mean number of bands analysed per individual = 22.92; (ii) mean similarity (band sharing) between individuals = 0.322; (iii) mean probability that two randomly chosen individuals share all bands = 4.93 × 10–11 ; and (iv) mean estimated heterozygosity = 0.796. F ST calculated for the two nonclonal levels of the sampling hierarchy was 0.023, indicating that little genetic differentiation exists between them. These results support previous findings that, due to life-history traits of the genus and this species (out-crossing, wind-pollinated, animal-dispersed, long-lived woody perennials), gene flow is high and genetic subdivision of populations is low in oaks. At this study site, the clonal nature demonstrated for Gambel oak appears to have little detectable effect on these population genetic characteristics. 相似文献
20.
Dysosma pleiantha, an important threatened medicinal plant species, is restricted in distribution to southeastern China. The species is capable
of reproducing both sexually and asexually. In this study, inter-simple sequence repeat marker data were obtained and analyzed
with respect to genetic variation and genetic structure. The extent of clonality, together with the clonal and sexual reproductive
strategies, varied among sites, and the populations under harsh ecological conditions tended to have large clones with relatively
low clonal diversity caused by vegetative reproduction. The ramets sharing the same genotype show a clumped distribution.
Across all populations surveyed, average within-population diversity was remarkably low (e.g., 0.111 for Nei’s gene diversity),
with populations from the nature reserves maintaining relatively high amounts of genetic diversity. Among all populations,
high genetic differentiation (AMOVA: ΦST = 0.500; Nei’s genetic diversity: G
ST = 0.465, Bayesian analysis: ΦB = 0.436) was detected, together with an isolation-by-distance pattern. Low seedling recruitment due to inbreeding, restricted
gene flow, and genetic drift are proposed as determinant factors responsible for the low genetic diversity and high genetic
differentiation observed. 相似文献