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高血压病是常见病,但其发病机制却不很明确,目前较多研究认为[1~4]:胰岛素抵抗(ISK)是引起高血压的一个重要因素。ISR是指胰岛素(IS)在促进葡萄糖摄取和利用方面受损,机体代偿性分泌过多的IS,使血糖维持在正常水平。ISR引起高血压的机制可能与... 相似文献
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胰岛素信号转导障碍与胰岛素抵抗的形成 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
胰岛素生理作用的发挥,起始于胰岛素与其受体的结合,并由此引起细胞内一系列信号转导,最终到达各效应器产生各种生理效应。胰岛素信号转导在胰岛素生理作用的发挥中起着至关重要的作用。胰岛素信号转导减弱或受阻,使得胰岛素生理作用减弱,导致胰岛素抵抗形成。本文综述了胰岛素信号转导失调在胰岛素抵抗形成中的作用。 相似文献
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在人体白细胞培养基质中加入不同浓度的胰岛素,3h 和24h 后以[~3H]标记的地塞米松([~3H] Dex)特异结合力为指标,研究了胰岛素对糖皮质激素受体(GR)的抑制作用。在基质中分别加入 20mU/L(生理浓度),200mU/L(生理调节时最高血浓度)及2000mU/L(药理浓度),3h 后和不含胰岛素的对照值比,[~3H] Dex 的特异结合力分别减少23.3±10.0,32.2±13.2及54.3±9.2%(P>0.05,P>0.05及P<0.01;24h 后,和对照值相比,特异结合力分别减少43.5±19.0,56.1±20.7和80.2±15.5(P<0.05,P7<0.01,P<0.01)。胰岛素对 GR 特异结合力的抑制效应呈剂量和时间依赖性,它提示了胰岛素浓度在生理条件下对 GR 有紧张性调控作用。 相似文献
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阿司匹林增加胰岛素抵抗大鼠胰岛素敏感性的实验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的 观察阿司匹林对高脂饮食大鼠胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法 灌服阿司匹林前后采用腹腔注射胰岛素耐量试验 (IITT)观察大鼠胰岛素的敏感性 ,并测定空服胰岛素、血糖和血脂等。结果 高脂饮食 4月、阿司匹林治疗 4周后 ,IITT发现高脂组腹腔注射胰岛素后 1h、1 5h和 2h的血糖及空腹胰岛素和甘油三酯水平显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1 ) ;而阿司匹林治疗组腹腔注射胰岛素后 1h、1 5h和 2h的血糖及空腹胰岛素和甘油三酯水平显著低于高脂组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1 ) ,与正常对照组差异无显著性。结论 大剂量阿司匹林有增加胰岛素敏感性和改善脂代谢紊乱的作用 相似文献
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邓幼平 《国外医学:分子生物学分册》2003,25(1):9-11
脂肪细胞补体相关蛋白30是仅在脂肪细胞合成并分泌的一种激素,一些动物和人体实验证实,Acrp30能够减少餐后游离脂肪酸升高和加强胰岛素抑制肝葡萄糖输出的作用。已经明确建立了Acrp30血浆水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系,其抗动脉粥样硬化的特性是防止和改善动脉粥样硬化病变的因素。 相似文献
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Tanis与胰岛素抵抗 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tanis是新发现的由189个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质,在肝脏、脂肪和骨骼肌等组织都有其基因表达.可能作为血清淀粉样蛋白A受体参与糖代谢,并与胰岛素抵抗、Ⅱ型糖尿病的发生与发展密切相关。Tanis在胰岛素抵抗、Ⅱ型糖尿病和代谢综合征动物模型的肝脏中表达水平与血糖及胰岛素浓度呈负相关.与血浆甘油三酯浓度呈正相关。Tanis的基因表达在禁食24h后的糖尿病动物模型中显增加,说明受葡萄糖调节。从目前的研究资料看,Tanis有可能成为治疗胰岛素抵抗、Ⅱ型糖尿病的新靶点而受到重视。 相似文献
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Steven K. Malin Corey A. Rynders Judy Y. Weltman Eugene J. Barrett Arthur Weltman 《PloS one》2016,11(4)
Little is known about the effects of exercise intensity on compensatory changes in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) when adjusted for adipose, liver and skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR). Fifteen participants (8F, Age: 49.9±3.6yr; BMI: 31.0±1.5kg/m2; VO2peak: 23.2±1.2mg/kg/min) with prediabetes (ADA criteria, 75g OGTT and/or HbA1c) underwent a time-course matched Control, and isocaloric (200kcal) exercise at moderate (MIE; at lactate threshold (LT)), and high-intensity (HIE; 75% of difference between LT and VO2peak). A 75g OGTT was conducted 1 hour post-exercise/Control, and plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide and free fatty acids were determined for calculations of skeletal muscle (1/Oral Minimal Model; SMIR), hepatic (HOMAIR), and adipose (ADIPOSEIR) IR. Insulin secretion rates were determined by deconvolution modeling for GSIS, and disposition index (DI; GSIS/IR; DISMIR, DIHOMAIR, DIADIPOSEIR) calculations. Compared to Control, exercise lowered SMIR independent of intensity (P<0.05), with HIE raising HOMAIR and ADIPOSEIR compared with Control (P<0.05). GSIS was not reduced following exercise, but DIHOMAIR and DIADIPOSEIR were lowered more following HIE compared with Control (P<0.05). However, DISMIR increased in an intensity based manner relative to Control (P<0.05), which corresponded with lower post-prandial blood glucose levels. Taken together, pancreatic insulin secretion adjusts in an exercise intensity dependent manner to match the level of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue. Further work is warranted to understand the mechanism by which exercise influences the cross-talk between tissues that regulate blood glucose in people with prediabetes. 相似文献
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Yongliang Zhang Thang Nguyen Peng Tang Norman J. Kennedy Huipeng Jiao Mingliang Zhang Joseph M. Reynolds Anja Jaeschke Natalia Martin-Orozco Yeonseok Chung Wei-min He Chen Wang Weiping Jia Baoxue Ge Roger J. Davis Richard A. Flavell Chen Dong 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(24):14875-14883
Obesity and metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes have become a major threat to public health globally. The mechanisms that lead to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes have not been well understood. In this study, we show that mice deficient in MAPK phosphatase 5 (MKP5) develop insulin resistance spontaneously at an early stage of life and glucose intolerance at a later age. Increased macrophage infiltration in white adipose tissue of young MKP5-deficient mice correlates with the development of insulin resistance. Glucose intolerance in MKP5-deficient mice is accompanied by significantly increased visceral adipose weight, reduced AKT activation, enhanced p38 activity, and increased inflammation in visceral adipose tissue when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Deficiency of MKP5 resulted in increased inflammatory activation in macrophages. These findings thus demonstrate that MKP5 critically controls inflammation in white adipose tissue and the development of metabolic disorders. 相似文献
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Motoharu Hayashi Kyosuke Takeshita Yasuhiro Uchida Koji Yamamoto Ryosuke Kikuchi Takayuki Nakayama Emiko Nomura Xian Wu Cheng Tadashi Matsushita Shigeo Nakamura Toyoaki Murohara 《PloS one》2014,9(12)
A strong causal link exists between psychological stress and insulin resistance as well with hypertension. Meanwhile, stress-related responses play critical roles in glucose metabolism in hypertensive patients. As clinical trials suggest that angiotensin-receptor blocker delays the onset of diabetes in hypertensive patients, we investigated the effects of irbesartan on stress-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 2-week intermittent restraint stress and orally treated with vehicle, 3 and 10 mg/kg/day irbesartan. The plasma concentrations of lipid and proinflammatory cytokines [Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6] were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Monocyte/macrophage accumulation in inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) was observed with CD11b-positive cell counts and mRNA expressions of CD68 and F4/80 using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR methods respectively. The mRNA levels of angiotensinogen, proinflammatory cytokines shown above, and adiponectin in WAT were also assessed with RT-PCR method. Glucose metabolism was assessed by glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) and insulin tolerance tests, and mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in WAT. Restraint stress increased monocyte accumulation, plasma free fatty acids, expression of angiotensinogen and proinflammatory cytokines including MCP-1, and reduced adiponectin. Irbesartan reduced stress-induced monocyte accumulation in WAT in a dose dependent manner. Irbesartan treatment also suppressed induction of adipose angiotensinogen and proinflammatory cytokines in WAT and blood, and reversed changes in adiponectin expression. Notably, irbesartan suppressed stress-induced reduction in adipose tissue weight and free fatty acid release, and improved insulin tolerance with restoration of IRS-1 and GLUT4 mRNA expressions in WAT. The results indicate that irbesartan improves stress-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Our results suggests that irbesartan treatment exerts additive benefits for glucose metabolism in hypertensive patients with mental stress. 相似文献
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Agnieszka U. Blachnio‐Zabielska Christina Koutsari Tamara Tchkonia Michael D. Jensen 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2012,20(12):2341-2347
Ceramides (Cer) are implicated in obesity‐associated skeletal muscle and perhaps adipocyte insulin resistance. We examined whether the sphingolipid content of human subcutaneous adipose tissue and plasma varies by obesity and sex as well as the relationship between ceramide content and metabolic indices. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose biopsies were performed on 12 lean adults (males = 6), 12 obese adults (males = 6) for measurement of sphingolipid content and activity of the main ceramide metabolism enzymes. Blood was sampled for glucose, insulin (to calculate homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance (HOMAIR)) adiponectin, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) concentrations. Compared to lean controls, total ceramide content (pg/adipocyte) was increased by 31% (P < 0.05) and 34% (P < 0.05) in obese females and males, respectively. In adipocytes from obese adults sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, C14‐Cer, C16‐Cer, and C24‐Cer were all increased. C18:1‐Cer was increased in obese males and C24:1‐Cer in obese females. For women only, there was a negative correlation between C16‐Cer ceramide and plasma adiponectin (r = ?0.77, P = 0.003) and a positive correlation between total ceramide content and HOMAIR (r = 0.74, P = 0.006). For men only there were significant (at least P < 0.05), positive correlations between adipocyte Cer‐containing saturated fatty acid and plasma IL‐6 concentration. We conclude that the sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue behavior in humans extends to adipose tissue sphingolipid content its association with adiponectin, IL‐6 and insulin resistance. 相似文献
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The early events that initiate inflammation in the adipose tissue during obesity are not well defined. It is unclear whether the recruitment of CD8 T cells to the adipose tissue during onset of obesity occurs through antigen-dependent or -independent processes. We have previously shown that interaction between NKG2D (natural-killer group 2, member D) and its ligand Rae-1ε is sufficient to recruit cytotoxic T lymphocytes to the pancreas and induce insulitis. Here, we tested whether NKG2D–NKG2D ligand interaction is also involved in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. We observed a significant induction of NKG2D ligand expression in the adipose tissue of obese mice, especially during the early stages of obesity. However, mice lacking NKG2D developed similar levels of insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation compared to control mice when placed on a high-fat diet. Moreover, overexpression of Rae-1ε in the adipose tissue did not increase immune cell infiltration to the adipose tissue either in the setting of a normal or high-fat diet. These results indicate that, unlike in the pancreas, NKG2D–NKG2D ligand interaction does not play a critical role in obesity-induced inflammation in the adipose tissue. 相似文献
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Hong Soon Kang Grace Liao Laura M. DeGraff Kevin Gerrish Carl D. Bortner Stavros Garantziotis Anton M. Jetten 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
CD44 is a multifunctional membrane receptor implicated in the regulation of several biological processes, including inflammation. CD44 expression is elevated in liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) during obesity suggesting a possible regulatory role for CD44 in metabolic syndrome. To study this hypothesis, we examined the effect of the loss of CD44 expression on the development of various features of metabolic syndrome using CD44 null mice. Our study demonstrates that CD44-deficient mice (CD44KO) exhibit a significantly reduced susceptibility to the development of high fat-diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis, WAT-associated inflammation, and insulin resistance. The decreased expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and transport (Fasn and Cd36), de novo triglyceride synthesis (Mogat1), and triglyceride accumulation (Cidea, Cidec) appears in part responsible for the reduced hepatic lipid accumulation in CD44KO(HFD) mice. In addition, the expression of various inflammatory and cell matrix genes, including several chemokines and its receptors, osteopontin, and several matrix metalloproteinases and collagen genes was greatly diminished in CD44KO(HFD) liver consistent with reduced inflammation and fibrogenesis. In contrast, lipid accumulation was significantly increased in CD44KO(HFD) WAT, whereas inflammation as indicated by the reduced infiltration of macrophages and expression of macrophage marker genes, was significantly diminished in WAT of CD44KO(HFD) mice compared to WT(HFD) mice. CD44KO(HFD) mice remained considerably more insulin sensitive and glucose tolerant than WT(HFD) mice and exhibited lower blood insulin levels. Our study indicates that CD44 plays a critical role in regulating several aspects of metabolic syndrome and may provide a new therapeutic target in the management of insulin resistance. 相似文献
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Sarah R. Preis Joseph M. Massaro Sander J. Robins Udo Hoffmann Ramachandran S. Vasan Thomas Irlbeck James B. Meigs Patrice Sutherland Ralph B. D'Agostino Sr Christopher J. O'Donnell Caroline S. Fox 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2010,18(11):2191-2198
Insulin resistance is associated with central obesity and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our objective is to examine the association between abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and insulin resistance, to determine which fat depot is a stronger correlate of insulin resistance, and to assess whether there was an interaction between SAT, VAT, and age, sex, or BMI. Participants without diabetes from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), who underwent multidetector computed tomography to assess SAT and VAT (n = 3,093; 48% women; mean age 50.4 years; mean BMI 27.6 kg/m2), were evaluated. Insulin resistance was measured using the homeostasis model and defined as HOMAIR ≥75th percentile. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy use, were used to assess the association between fat measures and insulin resistance. The odds ratio (OR) for insulin resistance per standard deviation increase in SAT was 2.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2–2.7; P < 0.0001), whereas the OR for insulin resistance per standard deviation increase in VAT was 3.5 (95% CI: 3.1–3.9; P < 0.0001). Overall, VAT was a stronger correlate of insulin resistance than SAT (P < 0.0001 for SAT vs. VAT comparison). After adjustment for BMI, the OR of insulin resistance for VAT was 2.2 (95% CI: 1.9–2.5; P < 0.0001). We observed an interaction between VAT and BMI for insulin (P interaction = 0.0004), proinsulin (P interaction = 0.003), and HOMAIR (P interaction = 0.003), where VAT had a stronger association in obese individuals. In conclusion, SAT and VAT are both correlates of insulin resistance; however, VAT is a stronger correlate of insulin resistance than SAT. 相似文献