尖唇散白蚁兵蚁和工蚁卵巢和卵子形态特征的比较

兵蚁和工蚁是白蚁中的非生殖品级,兵蚁是由工蚁分化产生。为了探讨兵蚁品级性腺不育的原因以及兵蚁和工蚁性腺发育的差异,采用组织学染色观察与测量方法对尖唇散白蚁Reticulitermes aculabialis Tsai et Hwang的兵蚁和工蚁的卵子发生各阶段进行比较和分析。结果显示:两者性腺发育大小呈极显著性差异(P<0.01),兵蚁与工蚁卵巢横切面面积之比约为1∶7;兵蚁的卵子发生与工蚁相比,仅有卵母细胞的分化期,没有生长期;兵蚁的卵母细胞比工蚁的小,两者的分化期卵母细胞体积之比约为1∶16。该结果表明工蚁向兵蚁转化过程中性腺进一步退化,兵蚁性腺极度退化使其丧失了成为补充繁殖蚁的可能性。该研究结果为兵蚁不能生殖提供组织学上的证据,同时又揭示了兵蚁和工蚁在潜在生殖能力差异方面的组织学基础。     

深圳口岩进口原木截获的白蚁（等翅目）

记录深圳口岸1998－2001年期间从进口原本中截获的3科7属12种白蚁,包括黄檀新白蚁Neotermes dalbergiae (Kalshoven),大家白蚁Comptotermes curvignathus Holmgren,塞庞乳白蚁C.sepangensis Krishna,波罗乳白蚁C.borneensis Oshima,非洲乳白蚁C.sjostedti Holmgren,沙捞越长鼻白蚁Schedorhinotermes sarawakensis (Holmgren),中暗长鼻白蚁S.mediobscurus (Holmgren),哈氏象白蚁Nastutitermes havilandi (Desneux),镰锯白蚁Microcerotermes distans (Havilandi),邻白蚁Termes propinquus (Holmgren), 印度弓白蚁Amitermes belli (Desneux)和齿弓白蚁A.dentatus (Havilandi)。编制了分种检索表,并对上述国内没有分布的白蚁种类兵蚁的形态和鉴定特征作了描述的图示。     

云南白蚁二新种：等翅目：白蚁科

本文描述产于云南的白蚁科２新种：章凤马歪白蚁Ｍａｌａｙｓｉｏｃａｐｒｉｔｅｒｍｅｓ ｚｈａｎｇｆｅｎｇｅｒｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎ．、江城瘤歪白蚁Ｍｉｒｏｃａｐｒｉｔｅｒｍｅｓ ｊｉａｎｇｃｈｅｎｇｅｒｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎ。在读者讨论中,作者等认为,李桂祥等描述的中国马歪白蚁Ｍ．ｓｉｎｉｃｕｓ Ｌｉ ｅｔ Ｘｉａｏ应转移入华歪白蚁属Ｓｉｎｏｃａｐｒｉｔｅｒｍｅｓ Ｐｉｎｇ ｅｔ Ｘｕ,新组合为中国华歪白蚁Ｓｉ     

浙江省等翅目两新种（等翅目：白蚁科）

本文记述了等翅目白蚁科两新种：浙江大白蚁Ｍａｃｒｏｔｅｒｍｅｓ ｚｈｅｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和小葫白蚁Ｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔｅｒｍｅｓ ｐａｒｖｉｃｅｐｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。标本均采自浙江省,正模保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

云南异白蚁属一新种(等翅目:鼻白蚁科)

尹氏异白蚁Heterotermes yinae Zhu,Huang et Li新种 兵蚁(图1—6) 体中型。头黄色,上颚赤褐色,基部浅黄,上唇基、触角堤脊黄褐色,上唇黄色,前胸背板、触角、足淡黄色,腹部乳白色。头部具稀疏长毛。上唇仅具端毛1对。前胸背板周缘密生长毛,后半部中线两侧各生数根长毛。数根长毛。腹节均环生长毛。 头近长方形,两侧近平行,最宽处位于头中后部,后侧角宽圆,后缘近平直。额峰微隆,但不高出后头背面,略有峰凹,呈“V”形。囱位于额后中央,凹下。上唇近似舌形,长大于宽,长宽比为0.923—0.709, 透明端都呈乳头状小尖突。上颚粗状,端部内弯,外侧缘基部缢口下弧状扩张。左上颚尖端较细,内弯较剧,中部后方具3个锯齿,     

湖北省散白蚁属三新种(等翅目:鼻白蚁科)

本文首次报道湖北省散白蚁属三新种。这三新种和广泛分布于我国东南地区的Reticulitermes flaviceps(Oshima)和东北地区的R.speratus(Kolbe)两常见种均较近缘。从形态特征上可看出它们和两常见种在华中地区演化的过渡性状。通过湖北标本和河南省科学院王治国先生惠赠大量河南标本的初步鉴定,R.flaviceps和R.spe-     

象白蚁属一新种：等翅目：白蚁科,象白蚁亚科

本文记述我国浙江省龙王山自然保护区等翅目白蚁属一新种,安吉象白蚁Ｎａｓｕｔｉｔｅｒｍｅｓａｎｊｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

云南地白蚁属Hypotermes五新种（等翅目：白蚁科）

1,孟定地白蚁 Hypotermes mengdingensis Zhu et Huang,新种兵蚁(图Ⅰ:1—8) 体中型。头深黄褐色,前半部较浅;上颚赤褐色,上唇、触角黄色;前胸背板浅黄褐色,腹、足浅黄白色。头背面散生长毛,上唇自端至中部各排列6根长毛,中部另具2根对称长毛。     

尖唇散白蚁工蚁和繁殖蚁卵子发生比较

为探讨白蚁工蚁品级性腺不育的原因,采用组织学观察与测量对尖唇散白蚁Reticulitermes aculabialis Tsai et Hwang的工蚁和繁殖蚁的卵子发生各阶段进行比较和分析。结果表明,成熟工蚁的卵子发生与繁殖蚁相比,仅有卵母细胞的分化期和生长期,没有卵黄形成期,其分化期和生长期的卵母细胞大小与繁殖蚁这2个时期的卵母细胞大小呈显著性差异;生长期时,工蚁的卵母细胞和滤泡细胞之间出现较大间隙并且呈现萎缩退化状态;工蚁卵子发生相当于雌性繁殖蚁末龄若虫水平。该结果将为工蚁不能生殖提供组织学上的证据,同时又表明了工蚁具有潜在生殖能力的结构基础。     

近扭白蚁属一新种记述(等翅目,白蚁科)

记述白蚁科近扭白蚁属1新种,宜宾近扭白蚁Pericapritermes yibinensis sp.nov..新种形态与近扭白蚁P.nitobei(Shirak,1909)相近,但个体较小,头部前端在头长约1/4处渐向前下方形成斜面,头中央纵缝由后端向前延伸过头长的3/4,中央纵缝两侧各有一条纵缝由后端前伸至约1/3处,上唇前缘平直,前胸背板橙黄色,前缘中央具浅凹,中胸、后胸和腹部呈淡黄色,触角第6、7、8、9节等长,均明显长于除柄节外的其余各节,第4节最短小,明显短小于相邻的第3、5节;有翅成虫囟圆形下凹,位于头背面中点稍后,明显大于复眼,囟孔椭圆形,色稍浅,头中央纵缝较明显,单眼卵圆形,与复眼距离小于单眼宽度,触角第3、4、5节明显小于其余各节,其中第5节最为短小,前胸背板近梯形,前阔后窄,前缘近似直线,直立翘起,侧缘前半部垂直于前缘,近1/2处明显缩窄,后缘中央浅凹,背板表面中前部有T型浅凹.模式标本保存于成都市白蚁防治研究所.     

Chemotaxonomy of Subulitermes and Nasutitermes termine soldier defense secretions. Evidence against the hypothesis of diphyletic evolution of the Nasutitermitinae

The soldier defense secretions of advanced neotropical termites of the genus Subulitermes (Isoptera, Nasutitermitinae) contain diterpenes identicalto those found in Nasutitermes species, while soldiers of the primitive mandibulate nasute genera Cornitermes, Armitermes and Rhynchotermes lack diterpenoid compounds. It now appears improbable that the elongate nasus and intimately associated terpenoid defense secretions evolved from a primitive mandibulate ancestor independently along two phyletic branches. An alternate hypothesis is proposed in which morphological divergence from a common diterpene-producing ancestor may have occurred.     

Morphology and gonad development of normal soldiers and reproductive soldiers of the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis nevadensis (Isoptera, Archotermopsidae)

Reproductive or neotenic soldiers of the Archotermopsid Zootermopsis nevadensisnevadensis (Hagen) are compared to sterile soldiers and primary male reproductives. Several head capsule morphometrics correlate significantly with gonad size across all forms and both sexes of soldiers. The easily observed field character of ratio of mandible length to labrum length is a consistent and reliable feature of head capsule external morphology for predicting gonad development and reproductive potential of soldier forms regardless of age, sex, or live weight.     

c-fos-like蛋白在尖唇散白蚁繁殖蚁和工蚁性腺中的表达

为了探讨c-fos原癌基因在白蚁生殖品级和非生殖品级性腺发育中的作用,揭示白蚁不同品级性腺发育的调节机理,本研究运用免疫细胞化学定位方法对尖唇散白蚁Reticulitermes aculabialis繁殖蚁和工蚁精、卵发生过程中的c-fos蛋白表达进行了研究。结果显示：雌性繁殖蚁在末龄若虫期的卵子发生过程中有c-fos-like表达, c-fos-like免疫阳性物质定位于生长期的卵母细胞核和滤泡细胞核中;而繁殖蚁成虫的卵子发生过程中没有c-fos-like免疫阳性反应。雄性繁殖蚁在末龄若虫期时精子发生过程中没有c-fos-like表达, 而发育到成虫期有c-fos-like免疫阳性反应,阳性物质定位于精原细胞的细胞核中。工蚁精、 卵发生过程中均没有c-fos-like的表达。结果提示：c-fos在调节繁殖蚁精子和卵子发生方面有重要作用,c-fos可能通过调节精原细胞增殖参与精子的发生;在卵巢中可以直接作用于生长期的卵母细胞和滤泡细胞来调节卵子的发生。在工蚁性腺中c-fos表达缺失可能导致卵母细胞和滤泡细胞无法正常发育,精原细胞停止增殖而使精子发生处于相对抑制状态。工蚁性腺退化不育可能与c-fos没有正常表达有关。     

Cuticular Hydrocarbons of Reticulitermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) from Northern California Indicate Undescribed Species

Cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures of Reticulitermes samples from disparate locations in northern California were characterized and correlated with species determinations. Literature records indicate that there are two extant species of Reticulitermes in northern California: Reticulitermes hesperus Banks and R. tibialis Banks. We identified five distinct hydrocarbon phenotypes in Reticulitermes from northern California. Termites were diagnosed morphologically as R. tibialis for all five cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes based on available keys to soldiers. Commonly accepted distributions of Reticulitermes in northern California indicate that our primary collection sites should only produce R. hesperus. On the basis of cuticular hydrocarbons alone we suggest that there are two or more undescribed taxa of Reticulitermes in northern California, or that described species of Reticulitermes occur in northern California, but have never been noticed before. Therefore, we conclude that the taxonomy of Reticulitermes in North America is in need of revision.     

Factors that Affect Aggression Among the Worker Caste of Reticulitermes spp. Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Aggression was observed among both inter- and intraspecific combinations of four colonies of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Reticulitermes hageni Banks in laboratory assays each month for 4 consecutive months. Termites were most frequently aggressive toward colonies of a different species. Number of individuals that displayed aggression decreased over the study period, from April to July. There was a slight trend toward reduced aggressive behavior as termites were maintained in the laboratory for 3 months. Passive and aggressive individuals were identified and reexamined for display of aggressive or passive behavior toward nonnestmates. Eighty-nine percent of previously aggressive termites displayed aggression a second time. Eighty-eight percent of previously passive termites were passive upon reexamination. Differences in head capsule size between passive and aggressive individuals provided no correlation between the presence of aggressiveness and the head capsule size in the worker caste.     

Redescription of the enigmatic genus Genuotermes Emerson (Isoptera,Termitidae, Termitinae)

The imago and soldier castes of the Neotropical Termitinae species Genuotermes spinifer Emerson are redescribed. The gut anatomy of the worker is described in detail for the first time, and morphological variations in the soldier are noted and illustrated. The known geographical distribution of Genuotermes spinifer is greatly expanded.     

基于web的等翅目昆虫分类系统的设计和开发

以《中国动物志·昆虫纲·第十七卷·等翅目》一书资料为基础,结合白蚁分类的最新成果,开发了基于web的等翅目昆虫分类系统。本系统由白蚁分类资料显示子系统、白蚁分类资料检索子系统、后台数据库在线管理子系统和白蚁种类鉴定子系统等4个功能模块组成。用户通过Internet网络,可实现白蚁分类资料的查询与未知种类的鉴定。本系统的开发,为我国白蚁种类的识别和相关信息的共享提供了快捷、高效的网络工具。这是计算机信息处理技术与白蚁形态分类学的有机结合,是利用计算机技术提高生物形态学研究、教学效率的一种新途径。     

Comparison of gut-associated and nest-associated microbial communities of a fungus-growing termite (Odontotermes yunnanensis)

Abstract The digestion of cellulose by fungus-growing termites involves a complex of different organisms, such as the termites themselves, fungi and bacteria. To further investigate the symbiotic relationships of fungus-growing termites, the microbial communities of the termite gut and fungus combs of Odontotermes yunnanensis were examined. The major fungus species was identified as Termitomyces sp. To compare the micro-organism diversity between the digestive tract of termites and fungus combs, four polymerase chain reaction clone libraries were created (two fungus-targeted internal transcribed spacer [ITS]– ribosomal DNA [rDNA] libraries and two bacteria-targeted 16S rDNA libraries), and one library of each type was produced for the host termite gut and the symbiotic fungus comb. Results of the fungal clone libraries revealed that only Termitomyces sp. was detected on the fungus comb; no non-Termitomyces fungi were detected. Meanwhile, the same fungus was also found in the termite gut. The bacterial clone libraries showed higher numbers and greater diversity of bacteria in the termite gut than in the fungus comb. Both bacterial clone libraries from the insect gut included Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Nitrospira, Deferribacteres, and Fibrobacteres, whereas the bacterial clone libraries from the fungal comb only contained Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteris.