复合酶解法提取香菇多糖蛋白的研究

存在于香菇中的多糖物质,具有增强人体非特异性免疫功能的作用。本文报道采用复合酶解和热水浸提法分离纯化香菇中多糖蛋白的综合程序。与单纯热水浸提法等其它方法相比,本法能显著提高香菇有效成分的浸提效果,总氨基酸与必需氨基酸百分比含量均提高２倍以上,香菇多糖含量提高了４倍,一些特殊成分及较高分子量的葡聚糖物质含量也明显提高。     

香菇不同发育阶段子实体多糖的理化性质及体外免疫活性研究

香菇多糖是从香菇菌丝体或子实体中提取纯化得到的高分子葡聚糖,作为香菇主要的生物活性物质,具有提高免疫力、抗病毒、抗氧化和抗真菌等生物活性。本研究对幼菇期、菌褶期、采收期、成熟期和开伞期5个不同发育阶段香菇粗多糖含量、理化性质和体外免疫活性进行比较分析。结果表明,其粗多糖含量、理化性质和体外免疫活性具有明显差异。粗多糖得率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,菌褶期得率最高;粗多糖含量也呈现先增加后降低的趋势,成熟期含量最高;多糖的分子量因发育期不同而有较大差异,发育后期所得粗多糖分子量千万级以上组分的比例增加,分子量百万级和十万级的多糖组分比例降低;不同发育阶段香菇子实体多糖的单糖组成均包含果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖4种单糖,且都以葡萄糖为主;5个阶段的多糖组分均有较好的体外免疫活性,其中幼菇期粗多糖在浓度500μg/mL时表现出最高的体外免疫活性。本研究探讨了香菇不同发育阶段子实体多糖的理化性质及体外免疫活性,为香菇采收期的确定及香菇多糖的制备与利用提供理论依据。     

香菇多糖体内抗氧化活性研究

目的：探究香菇多糖的体内抗氧化活性。方法：以灌胃生理盐水的小鼠为正常对照组,将香菇多糖药物组分为低、中、高3种剂量组。小鼠在灌胃3w后,由眼眶取血,按照试剂盒要求测定小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力以及丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：香菇多糖可显著提高小鼠血清中SOD和GSH-Px的活力,同时减少血清中MDA含量。结论：香菇多糖对小鼠体内抗氧化活性的提高具有显著作用。     

微波辅助提取灰树花多糖工艺研究

采用提取时间、微波功率、液料比的单因素试验和正交试验法优化微波辅助提取灰树花多糖条件.结果表明,以净多糖得率为指标,影响微波辅助提取灰树花多糖的主次因素为:提取时间＞微波功率＞液料比,并且提取时间和微波功率的影响达到了极显著水平.灰树花多糖最佳提取工艺条件为:提取时间为10 min,微波功率为80%(全功率为800 W),液料比为25∶1.创立了一种用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖时排除蛋白质干扰的方法.     

酶法提取香菇柄多糖

比较了菇柄多糖的多种提取方法。结果表明,利用复合酶解法结合热水浸提法提取菇柄多糖,提取率达７．１３％（克多糖／１００克菇柄干品）,是热水浸提法的３．４３倍,酶解的最适作用条件为ｐＨ４．５,温度４６℃,时间８０ｍｉｎ。     

两种方法提取香菇多糖的比较研究

采用正交试验比较研究热水浸提法和微波提取法提取香菇多糖。热水浸提法的最佳工艺为:提取温度70℃、提取时间4h、料液比1∶15,提取率3.243%;微波提取法的最佳工艺为:微波功率560W、微波处理时间60s、料液比1∶10,提取率4.771%。微波提取法效率高、时间短,是理想的香菇多糖提取方法。     

香菇多糖提取分离的研究

采用DEAE—cellulose柱层析和Sephadex G-200柱层析从香菇子实体热水浸提的粗多糖中分离出两个多糖组分Lenl—A、Len2-A,经旋光度法、Sepharose 4B柱层析、红外光谱等方法检测确定为均一多糖组分,且均为α-构型的吡喃糖,苯酚硫酸法测得其糖质量分数分别为91．5％和92．3％,旋光度为＋5．6°、＋11．2°,相对分子质量为375×10^3、718×10^3。     

响应面优化超声辅助提取香菇多糖的工艺研究(英文)

为确定香菇多糖的最佳提取工艺,利用响应面分析法对香菇多糖的提取工艺进行优化。在单因素实验的基础上,以超声时间、超声功率、浸提温度和浸提时间为响应因素,多糖提取得率为响应值,根据正交旋转组合试验设计原理进行四因素三水平的响应面分析。实验结果表明,采用超声功率174.94 W,超声时间为18.94min,在80.71℃下提取3.01 h,得到的香菇多糖提取率最高,为9.61%。当香菇多糖的浓度为3 mg/mL,其·OH清除率为52.1%。     

香菇活性成分提取工艺研究及药理学研究进展CSCD

香菇是一种具有丰富的营养价值同时兼有良好的药用价值的真菌,可食药两用。追溯到我国古代,就已有相关记载提示其有增强脑细胞功能的作用:服食饵菌类可以\"增智慧\"\"益智开心\"(《神农本草》)。香菇作为亚洲传统医药,含有多种活性成分,如香菇多糖、香菇嘌呤、香菇蛋白等。这使得其在医学领域得到越来越多的应用,尤其在抗肿瘤、调节免疫力、抗氧化、抗病毒及降血脂等方面都具有较好的治疗效果。本文就香菇主要活性成分的提取方法、化学结构及药理作用作一综述。     

龙眼壳黄酮的微波提取及体外抗氧化活性研究

研究了微波辅助提取龙眼壳黄酮的工艺条件,并对其进行了抗氧化性能的研究。正交试验结果表明较佳提取工艺为:V(70%乙醇)∶m(龙眼壳粉)=30 m L∶1 g,微波功率480 W处理20 s后,于水浴30℃浸提30min,龙眼壳黄酮得率为3.465%。抗氧化试验表明龙眼壳黄酮对亚硝酸盐具有良好的清除能力,其效果优于Vc,对卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化及羟基自由基具有明显的抑制作用,其效果分别弱于对照物2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)和Vc。     

应用双水相萃取技术提取香菇多糖的研究

利用聚乙二醇(PEG)-硫酸铵双水相体系提取香菇多糖,研究了不同PEG-硫酸铵组成的双水相体系对香菇多糖分配比和收率的影响。结果表明:PEG分子量在6000时对香菇多糖的提取效果较好;PEG6000浓度在24%时、硫酸铵浓度在30%时组成的双水相体系提取香菇多糖的效果最好,此时香菇多糖的分配系数(K)可达到1.90,收率(Y)可达到57.42%。     

Effects of microwave exposure on the hamster immune system. II. Peritoneal macrophage function

Acute exposure to hamsters to microwave energy (2.45 GHz; 25 mW/cm2 for 60 min) resulted in activation of peritoneal macrophages that were significantly more viricidal to vaccinia virus as compared to sham-exposed or normal (minimum-handling) controls. Macrophages from microwave-exposed hamsters became activated as early as 6 h after exposure and remained activated for up to 12 days. The activation of macrophages by microwave exposure paralleled the macrophage activation after vaccinia virus immunization. Activated macrophages from vaccinia-immunized hamsters did not differ in their viricidal activity when the hamsters were microwave- or sham-exposed. Exposure for 60 min at 15 mW/cm2 did not activate the macrophages while 40 mW/cm2 exposure was harmful to some hamsters. Average maximum core temperatures in the exposed (25 mW/cm2) and sham groups were 40.5 degrees C (+/- 0.35 SD) and 38.4 degrees C (+/- 0.5 SD), respectively. In vitro heating of macrophages to 40.5 degrees C was not as effective as in vivo microwave exposure in activating macrophages to the viricidal state. Macrophages from normal, sham-exposed, and microwave-exposed hamsters were not morphologically different, and they all phagocytosed India ink particles. Moreover, immune macrophage cytotoxicity for virus-infected or noninfected target cells was not suppressed in the microwave-irradiated group (25 mW/cm2, 1 h) as compared to sham-exposed controls, indicating that peritoneal macrophages were not functionally suppressed or injured by microwave hyperthermia.     

Effects of microwave exposure on the hamster immune system. III. Macrophage resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus infection

Exposure of hamsters to microwave (MW) energy (2.45 GHz, 25 mW/cm2, 1 h) resulted in activation of peritoneal macrophages (PM) to a viricidal state restricting the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The PM from MW-exposed hamsters were viricidal as early as 1 day after exposure and remained active for 5 days. Immunization of hamsters with vaccinia virus induced viricidal PM by 3 to 4 days and they remained active for 7 days. To test the hypothesis that thermogenic MW exposure results in the release of endotoxin across the intestinal epithelium which subsequently activates PM, hamsters were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and their viricidal activity was studied. Lipopolysaccharide in vitro (0.2 microgram) and in vivo (0.5 microgram) activated macrophages to a viricidal state. When administered in vivo, LPS (0.5 microgram) activated macrophages as early as 1 day and the activity remained for 3 days. While MW exposure of PM in vitro failed to induce viricidal activity, exposure of PM to LPS in vitro induced strong viricidal activity. This suggests that the in vivo response of PM to MW is an indirect one, which is consistent with the hypothesis that MW-induced PM viricidal activity may be mediated via LPS. In preliminary experiments, MW exposure resulted in extended survival time for hamsters challenged with a lethal dose of vesicular stomatitis virus, supporting the concept that MW-activated PM may be a useful therapeutic modality.     

微波法提取枸杞叶甜菜碱工艺的研究

研究微波法提取枸杞叶中甜菜碱的最佳工艺,考察工艺参数对枸杞叶中甜菜碱提取率的影响.以甜菜碱提取率为指标,通过L9(3(4))正交实验与方差分析优选出枸杞叶中甜菜碱最佳提取工艺条件.结果表明,最佳工艺为固液比为(g:ml)1:10,20 min,微波功率200 w.枸杞叶中甜菜碱最佳提取率平均值可高达4.48%.该工艺简...     

塔拉豆荚壳中单宁的提取-微波辅助萃取法

利用微波辅助萃取技术对塔拉单宁进行提取,通过不同的起始温度、加蒸馏水量、提取次数、功率大小等实验并用1%的FeCl3溶液检测提取效果,确定较佳的提取温度、次数、加蒸馏水量和微波辅助萃取仪的功率等因素。结果表明,微波提取塔拉单宁的最佳提取条件为:每次提取加水150~200 mL,微波功率400 w,60℃提取20 min,反复提取4次;再升温至70℃提取20 min 2次,即可提取完全。原料中的单宁含量微波浸提比水浴锅浸提稍高。因此认为用此提取方法可替代水浴浸提法。     

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some S-β-D-Glucosides of 4-Mercaptopyrimidine

5-Acetyl-2-aryl-6-methyl-4-(2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosylmercapto)pyramidines 3a–c were obtained by the reaction of 5-acetyl-2-aryl-6-methyl-pyrimidine thiol 1a–c with 2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (2) in aq. KOH/acetone. The reaction of 1a–c with peracetylated galactose 5 and peracetylated ribose 8 under MW irradiation gave 5-acetyl-2-aryl-6-methyl-4-(2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosylmercapto)pyrimidine 6a–c and 5-acetyl-2-aryl-6-methyl-4-(2,3,5-tri- O -acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosylmercapto)pyrimidines 9a–c. The deprotection of 3a–c, 6a–c, and 9a–c in the presence of methanol and TEA/H₂O yielded the deprotected products 4a–c, 7a–c, and 10a–c. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by using IR, ¹H, ¹³C spectra and microanalysis. Selected members of these compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity.     

闪提技术提取罗汉果甜甙

通过比较超声法、微波法及闪提法提取罗汉果甜甙的效率,发现闪提法具有较好的提取效果。通过正交试验优选得到罗汉果甜甙的最佳闪提条件为:料液比1∶20、转速6000 r/min、常温下提取4 min。最佳条件下甜甙提取率为10.057%,说明闪式提取技术是一种高效和低成本的提取方法。     

Phenoloxidase but not lytic activity reflects resistance against Pasteuria ramosa in Daphnia magna

The field of ecological immunology strongly relies on indicators of immunocompetence. Two major indicators in invertebrates, the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) and lytic activity have recently been questioned in studies showing that, across a natural range of baseline levels, these indicators did not predict resistance against a manipulated challenge with natural parasites. We confirmed this finding by showing that baseline levels of PO and lytic activity in the host Daphnia magna were not related to spore load of the parasite Pasteuria ramosa. Yet, PO levels in infected hosts did predict spore load, indicating PO activity can be useful as an indicator of immunocompetence in this model parasite–host system.