白介素6通过阻断L型钙离子通道活性抑制急性胰腺炎大鼠结肠纵行肌条收缩

本文旨在探讨白介素6 (interleukin 6, IL-6)对急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)大鼠结肠纵行肌条收缩的作用及其机制。用雨蛙肽和脂多糖联合诱导法制备AP大鼠模型,用生物机能实验系统观察IL-6对大鼠结肠纵行平滑肌条自发性收缩的影响,用ELISA检测血清IL-6的水平,用免疫组织化学染色法观察IL-6在结肠的表达分布,用全细胞膜片钳技术观察IL-6对结肠平滑肌细胞L型钙离子通道的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,AP组大鼠结肠平滑肌条收缩幅度显著减小(P 0.05),收缩周期延长(P 0.05);IL-6可延长大鼠结肠平滑肌条收缩周期,但对肌条的自发性收缩幅度无影响。AP组大鼠血清IL-6浓度明显高于对照组,差异具有显著性(P 0.01);对照组大鼠结肠中IL-6表达较弥散,而在AP组结肠腺体、黏膜及黏膜下层中IL-6表达明显增强。IL-6可显著降低大鼠结肠平滑肌细胞L型钙离子通道的峰电流密度。以上结果提示,AP大鼠结肠运动减弱,其机制可能是表达上调的IL-6阻断结肠平滑肌细胞L型钙离子通道活性,进而抑制结肠纵行平滑肌收缩。     

氧化苦参碱预处理对急性心肌梗死大鼠的保护作用与机制

目的:探讨氧化苦参碱(OMT)对冠脉结扎诱导的急性心肌梗死大鼠的保护作用与机制。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组、假手术+OMT组、心梗模型组,OMT预处理组(ig给予OMT 100 mg/kg)。给药12小时后,结扎冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)复制大鼠急性心肌梗死模型。8小时后,取大鼠心肌组织,通过TUNEL染色观察大鼠心肌细胞损伤及凋亡情况;收集大鼠血清,检测LDH与CK水平,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)的活力,丙二醛(MDA)含量,ELISA法分析血清中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的水平。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠的凋亡心肌细胞数明显增加(P0.05),血清CK、LDH水平显著升高(P0.05);同时,血清CAT、SOD与GSH的活性明显降低(P0.001),MDA的含量、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著增加(P0.001)。OMT预处理明显减轻了心肌梗死大鼠心肌细胞的损伤和凋亡,降低了其血清MDA含量,IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平,增加了其CAT、SOD与GSH的活性。结论:氧化苦参碱预处理能够显著减轻心肌梗死大鼠的心肌损伤,这可能与其抗炎、抗凋亡与抗氧化损伤作用有关。     

两歧双歧杆菌对菌群失衡大鼠类风湿关节炎的调整作用

目的探讨两歧双歧杆菌对菌群失衡大鼠类风湿关节炎(RA)的调整作用。方法首先利用抗生素头孢曲松钠灌胃的方法建立大鼠(SPF级雌性Wistar大鼠20只)肠道菌群失衡模型,在此基础上采用牛Ⅱ型胶原诱导方法建立大鼠RA(CIA)模型,然后分为模型组和两歧双歧治疗组,3周后,观察两组大鼠关节肿胀程度,血清中IgG、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17、IL-4、IL-10的变化及血清中SOD、MDA和滑膜液中SOD的变化。结果与模型组相比,治疗组的关节肿胀评分有降低趋势;血清中的IgG(t=6.0114,P=0.0002)、IL-1β(t=6.6719,P=0.0001)、TNF-α(t=3.8461,P=0.004)和IL-17(t=4.6894,P=0.001)的含量明显降低,IL-6略有降低,IL-4和IL-10都有所升高;血清中的SOD活力有所升高,MDA含量有所降低,滑膜液中的SOD(t=-2.4793,P=0.038)活力明显升高。结论两歧双歧杆菌能够减缓炎症和降低氧化压力,从而出现减轻关节肿胀、延缓RA发展的趋势。     

延龄草总皂苷对LPS诱导炎症大鼠的抗炎效果

为了探讨延龄草总皂苷对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)诱导急性炎症大鼠的保护作用,将SD大鼠随机分成(2, 1, 0.5) g/kg剂量组、模型组、地塞米松磷酸钠(dexamethasone, DEX)对照组及空白对照组,每组10只。剂量组按(2, 1, 0.5) g·kg~(~(-1))·d~(-1)延龄草总皂苷灌胃一次,模型组、空白对照组灌胃等量蒸馏水。连续灌胃5 d,末次灌胃0.5 h后,剂量组、模型组按200μg/kg腹腔注射LPS;DEX对照组连续灌胃4 d,第5天腹腔注射DEX (100μg/kg),0.5 h后按200μg/kg腹腔注射LPS,空白对照组注射等量生理盐水。末次注射LPS 8 h后,处死大鼠,检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性及总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、一氧化氮(NO)、白细胞介素6 (IL-6)、IL~(-1)0、IL~(-1)β、IL-4、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、组胺(HIS)、环氧化物酶(COX-2)、前列腺素E2 (PGE2)含量。结果显示:(2, 1, 0.5) g/kg组ALP、AST活性及IL-6、IL~(-1)β、IL-8、TNF-α、HIS、COX-2、PGE2含量降低;(1, 0.5) g/kg组ALT活性降低;2 g/kg组NOS活性与NO含量降低,IL~(-1)0含量升高;(2, 1) g/kg组5-HT含量降低。延龄草总皂苷能有效降低LPS所致炎症大鼠ALP、AST、ALT、NOS活性及TC、TG含量,减少NO生成,降低IL-6、IL~(-1)β、IL-8、TNF-α、5-HT、HIS、COX-2及PGE2过量分泌、提升IL~(-1)0、IL-4含量,抗炎效果明显。     

BML-111 对糖尿病大鼠心肌炎症反应及细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨BML-111治疗对糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及炎症反应的影响。方法:33只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照(Control)组、糖尿病(DM)组和BML-111组,每组各11只。Control组喂以普通饲料,而其它两组大鼠喂以高糖高脂饲料。饲养6周后,DM组及BML-111组大鼠分别腹腔注射链尿佐菌素30 mg/kg,并于1周后建立糖尿病模型。模型制备完成后12周,BML-111组大鼠每日腹腔注射BML-111 0.5 mg/kg,其它两组大鼠腹腔注射相同容量生理盐水。12周后,测定体重、甘油三酯(TC)、总胆固醇(TG)水平、空腹血糖,采用TUNEL法测定心肌细胞凋亡指数(AI),Western blot法测定IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达水平,并使用试剂盒测定心肌SOD活性和MDA含量。结果:与Control组比较,DM组大鼠体重显著下降,TC、TG、空腹血糖水平明显升高(P0.05);与DM组比较,BML-111组大鼠体重增加,甘油三酯、总胆固醇、空腹血糖水平下降(P0.05)。与Control组比较,DM组大鼠心肌凋亡指数显著增加(P0.05);而与DM组比较,BML-111组大鼠心肌凋亡指数显著降低(P0.05)。与Control组比较,DM组大鼠心肌IL-6、TNF-α、p-NF-κB、p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平及MDA含量明显增高(P0.05),而SOD活性降低(P0.05);与DM组比较,BML-111组大鼠心肌IL-6、TNF-α、p-NF-κB、p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平及MDA含量较低(P0.05),而SOD活性增加(P0.05)。结论:BML-111可减轻糖尿病大鼠心肌炎症反应及细胞凋亡。     

青春双歧杆菌对2型糖尿病模型大鼠免疫功能和肾脏的影响

目的通过观察青春双歧杆菌对2型糖尿病模型大鼠血清中细胞因子IL-2、IL-6和IFN-γ活性的影响,以及血清及尿中的NO与ET-1的变化,探讨青春双歧杆菌对2型糖尿病模型免疫功能和肾脏的影响。方法采用青春双歧杆菌灌胃2型糖尿病模型大鼠,取血液和尿液,ELISA法检测细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ和ET-1活性,硝酸酶还原法测定NO水平。结果青春双歧杆菌提高IL-2、IL-4水平,降低IL-6、IFN-γ和ET-1活性,NO水平在病程中动态变化。结论青春双歧杆菌具有平衡2型糖尿病模型大鼠免疫功能,抑制ET-1,调节NO水平的作用,从而预防肾小球硬化的发生。     

高压氧处理抑制神经病理性疼痛大鼠炎性细胞因子的表达

目的观察高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)对坐骨神经慢性结扎损伤(chronic constriction injury,CCI)神经病理性疼痛大鼠TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6炎性因子的影响,探讨其镇痛机制。方法 30只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(S),坐骨神经结扎组(CCI)和结扎后高压氧组(CCI+HBO)3组,CCI术后每天都进行疼痛行为学评分,并在术后7天,用ELISA及脊髓的免疫组织化学方法检测各组大鼠炎性因子的表达水平。结果 CCI大鼠的疼痛行为学评分明显降低,高压氧处理可改善CCI大鼠疼痛行为学评分;ELISA检测到CCI大鼠TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6血清含量明显升高,高压氧处理可减少CCI大鼠TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6血清含量的升高;免疫组织化学检测发现CCI大鼠脊髓背角Ⅰ、Ⅱ层内TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6阳性神经元数量增加,高压氧处理的CCI大鼠脊髓背角Ⅰ、Ⅱ层内TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6阳性神经元数量的增加明显少于单纯CCI小鼠。结论高压氧可以抑制炎性因子的表达,这可能与其缓解神经病理性疼痛有关。     

参芪扶正注射液对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎的治疗作用

目的:研究参芪扶正注射液对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的治疗作用。方法:66只Wistar大鼠随机分为:SAP假手术组(SO组),SAP模型组(SAP组)和参芪扶正注射液治疗组(SQ组),胆胰管逆行注射50g.l~(-1)牛磺胆酸钠复制大鼠SAP模型。造模成功后2、4、8、12、24 h检测血清中TNF-α、IL-6和ALT水平,观察肝脏组织病理改变。结果:与SO组相比,SAP组及SQ组血清中TNF-α、IL-6和ALT水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与SAP组相比,从8 h开始SQ组血清中TNF-α、IL-6和ALT水平开始下降(P<0.05),两组的肝脏病理改变无统计学意义。结论:参芪扶正注射液可以降低SAP时血清中ALT、TNF-α和IL-6水平,但不能改善肝脏组织的病理损伤程度,对SAP的发生、发展可能有一定的预防作用。     

田基黄提取物抗CCl_4诱导大鼠肝纤维化的作用及其机制研究

探讨田基黄提取物(HJT)抗四氯化碳(CCl_4)诱导的大鼠肝纤维化(HF)的作用及其机制。将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、秋水仙碱(0. 12 mg/kg)组和HJT(16 000、8 000、4 000 mg/kg)剂量组,每组10只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠均腹腔注射40%的CCl_4橄榄油溶液(1 mL/kg),2次/周,建立HF模型;同时各给药组灌胃相应剂量药物,正常组和模型组给予等体积蒸馏水,连续6周。末次给药后,采用HE染色和Masson染色观察大鼠肝组织病理学改变;生化法检测血清中ALT、AST活性;生化法检测肝组织中SOD、GSH-PX活性和MDA含量;ELISA法检测血清中HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C含量;ELISA法检测肝组织IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量;Western blot法检测大鼠肝组织中TGF-β1和α-SMA表达水平。结果显示,HJT(16 000、8 000、4 000 mg/kg)剂量组和秋水仙碱组能显著降低HF大鼠血清中ALT、AST、HA、LN、PC-Ⅲ、Ⅳ-C活性或含量,降低肝组织MDA含量,增加SOD和GSH-PX活性,同时减少肝组织IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α含量,抑制肝组织TGF-β1和α-SMA蛋白表达;病理组织切片结果显示:HJT各剂量组和秋水仙碱组大鼠肝组织炎症坏死和HF病变程度明显减轻。本研究结果表明,HJT对CCl_4诱导的HF大鼠有显著保护作用,其机制可能与抗炎、抗氧化和抑制TGF-β1蛋白表达有关。     

IL-6, IL-1β及TNF-α与大鼠骨质疏松形成的关系

目的:研究白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)与大鼠骨质疏松形成的关系,为研究细胞因子与骨质疏松之间的相关作用机制提供参考。方法:选择2015年1月至2015年11月我院采购的90只雌性大鼠作为研究对象,按照数字随机法将大鼠分成观察组(n=45)以及对照组(n=45)。观察组制成骨质疏松模型,对照组不作处理,对比两组局部骨密度,成骨细胞,骨小梁以及破骨细胞在视野面积中的比例,骨组织相关细胞因子水平,分析IL-6、IL-1β以及TNF-α水平与大鼠骨质疏松的相关性。结果:观察组椎体骨密度(BD)和椎间盘BD以及小关节BD均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组骨小梁和成骨细胞在视野面积中的比例明显低于对照组,而破骨细胞在视野面积中的比例明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组IL-6和IL-1β以及TNF-α均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。IL-6、IL-1β以及TNF-α水平与大鼠椎体BD、椎间盘BD以及小关节BD均呈明显负相关。结论:去卵巢大鼠的细胞因子与其骨质疏松具有紧密联系,表现在IL-6、IL-1β以及TNF-α水平与大鼠椎体BD、椎间盘BD以及小关节BD均呈明显负相关。     

Structure, hormonal regulation, and identification of the interleukin-6- and dexamethasone-responsive element of the rat haptoglobin gene.

Hepatic expression of the haptoglobin (Hp) gene in mammalian species is stimulated severalfold during an acute-phase reaction. To identify the molecular mechanism responsible for this regulation, the single-copy rat Hp gene has been isolated. The genomic sequences showed a high degree of homology with the primate Hp gene. Activity of the rat Hp gene was increased in cultured liver cells by interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and glucocorticoids. The genomic Hp gene sequence spanning from -6500 to +6500, when transiently introduced into human hepatoma (HepG2) cells, directed IL-6- and dexamethasone-stimulated expression of rat Hp mRNA and protein. No response to IL-1 was detected, suggesting that the corresponding regulatory element(s) might lie outside of the tested gene sequences. An IL-6- and dexamethasone-responsive element has been localized to the promoter proximal region -146 to -55. Although the nucleotide sequences of this rat Hp gene region showed substantial divergence from that of the human gene, analysis of sequential 5' and 3' deletion constructs indicated an arrangement of functional IL-6 response elements in the rat Hp promoter sequence comparable to that of the human homolog. The magnitude of IL-6 regulation through the rat Hp gene promoter was severalfold lower than that of the human Hp gene. The reduced activity could be ascribed to a single-base difference in an otherwise conserved sequence corresponding to an active element in the human gene. The IL-6 response of the rat Hp element was improved severalfold by substituting that base with the human nucleotide.     

Isolation of bovine liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase cDNA: bovine liver and heart forms of the enzyme are separate gene products.

In order to ascertain whether the heart and liver forms of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase were products of two different genes or arose via alternative splicing of a single gene, the bovine liver cDNA of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase was isolated from a lambda gt10 phage library and its sequence compared with that of bovine heart cDNA. The deduced amino acid sequence of the bovine liver cDNA was also compared with the amino acid sequence of the human and rat liver phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase enzyme. The bovine liver cDNA codes for a protein that has 81.6% amino acid identity with the bovine heart form and 97.0 and 98.3% identity with the rat and human liver forms of the enzyme, respectively. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the two bovine cDNAs and their deduced amino acid sequences demonstrates that while there is conservation of the active sites of liver/muscle and heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatases they are encoded by different genes.     

Catalytic site of rat liver and bovine heart fructose-6-phosphate,2-kinase:fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. Identification of fructose 6-phosphate binding site

Fructose-6-P binding sites of rat liver and bovine heart Fru-6-P,2-kinase:Fru-2,6-bisphosphatase were investigated with an affinity labeling reagent, N-bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate. The rat liver enzyme was inactivated 97% by the reagent in 60 min, and the rate of inactivation followed pseudo-first order kinetics. The bovine heart enzyme was inactivated 90% within 60 min, but the inactivation rate followed pseudo-first order up to 80% inactivation and then became nonlinear. The presence of fructose-6-P retarded the extent of the inactivation to approximately 40% in 60 min. In order to determine the amino acid sequence of the fructose-6-P binding site, both enzymes were reacted with N-bromo[14C]acetylethanolamine-P and digested with trypsin; radiolabeled tryptic peptides were isolated and sequenced. A single 14C-labeled peptide was isolated from the rat liver enzyme, and the amino acid sequence of the peptide was determined as Lys-Gln-Cys-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Lys. A major and two minor peptides were isolated from bovine heart enzyme whose amino acid sequences were Lys-Gln-Cys-Ala-Leu-Val-Ala-Leu-Lys, Arg-Ile-Glu-Cys-Tyr-Lys, and Ile-Glu-Cys-Tyr-Lys, respectively. In all cases, N-bromoacetylethanolamine-P had alkylated the cysteine residues. The amount of bromo[14C]acetylethanolamine-P incorporated into rat liver and beef heart was 1.3 mol/mol of subunit and 2.1 mol/mol of subunit, respectively, and the incorporations in the presence of Fru-6-P were reduced to 0.34 mol/mol of subunit and 0.9 mol/mol of subunit, respectively. Thus, the main fructose-6-P binding site of rat liver and bovine heart enzymes was identical except for a single amino acid substitution of valine for alanine in the latter enzyme. This peptide corresponded to residues 105 to 113 from the N terminus of the known amino acid sequence of rat liver enzyme, but since the complete sequence of bovine heart enzyme is not known, the location of the same peptide in the heart enzyme cannot be assigned.     

Rat mitochondrial coupling factor 6: molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding the imported precursor.

A cDNA clone encoding the precursor to the rat mitochondrial protein coupling factor 6 (F6) has been isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the rat precursor protein shows 78% and 74% identity with the human and bovine F6 pre-proteins, respectively.     

Nuclear factors interacting with an interleukin-6 responsive element of rat alpha 2-macroglobulin gene.

During acute inflammation, a group of liver-derived plasma proteins, acute phase proteins (APPs), increase in concentration. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is responsible for this increase via the induction of APP gene expression. We have identified an IL-6 responsive cis-acting element (IL-6RE) of gene encoding a typical APP, rat alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M). The IL-6RE contains a sequence that is conserved among the 5'-flanking regions of various APP genes. Introduction of mutations into the conserved sequence revealed that the sequence, termed IL-6RE core, is a critical and essential component of IL6-RE. Nuclear factors binding to the IL-6RE core were identified in livers of normal and inflamed rats. Mobility shift pattern and DNase I footprinting profile indicated that the factors from normal and inflamed stages recognized the same sequence but were distinct from each other. These results suggested that the regulation of alpha 2M gene expression may involve mutually exclusive interaction of stage-specific trans-acting factors.