沙库巴曲缬沙坦联合小剂量美托洛尔治疗中青年高血压的临床观察

目的:观察沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片联合小剂量美托洛尔治疗中青年高血压的临床疗效。方法:选择2018年12月-2019年12月间入院的92例中青年高血压患者,采用随机数表法将其分为试验组和对照组,每组46例。对照组口服沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片,50 mg/次,2次/d;试验组在服用相同剂量沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片的基础上增加服用小剂量美托洛尔12.5 mg/次,2次/d,两组用药时间均为8 w。治疗结束后,比较两组试验前后收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)的变化情况,讨论两种治疗方法的有效性,并记录不良反应发生情况。结果:(1)试验组和对照组治疗后收缩压、舒张压较治疗前均有显著降低(P<0.05);(2)治疗后,试验组收缩压、舒张压的数值明显低于对照组(P<0.05);(3)试验组总有效率为97.83%,高于对照组的73.91%(P<0.05);(4)两组不良反应发生率为试验组8.68%,对照组6.51%,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:采用沙库巴曲缬沙坦联合小剂量美托洛尔治疗中青年高血压较单独服用沙库巴曲缬沙坦有更明显的临床优势,建议推广。     

低钠透析联合血液透析滤过对终末期肾脏病合并顽固性高血压患者血压节律、钙磷代谢的影响

目的:探讨低钠血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)联合血液透析滤过(Hemodiafiltration,HDF)对终末期肾脏病合并顽固性高血压的透析患者血压节律、钙磷代谢的影响。方法:将62例终末期肾脏病合并顽固性高血压患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组应用常规HD治疗,每周3次,每次4 h,治疗组低钠联合HDF治疗,每周1次,3个月后进行效果评价。比较两组治疗前后血压昼夜节律、钙磷代谢变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,治疗组24 h收缩压(systolic blood pressure,24h SBP)、24 h舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,24h DBP)、日间收缩压(day systolic blood pressure,dSBP)、日间舒张压(day diastolic blood pressure,dSBP)、夜间收缩压(night systolic blood pressure,nSBP)、夜间舒张压(night diastolic blood pressure,nSBP)均较治疗前明显下降,且明显低于对照组(P0.05);对照组除nSBP外,其余血压指标治疗前后比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组血Ca水平较治疗前明显升高,且显著高于对照组,而血P、PTH水平较治疗前明显降低,且均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组和对照组不良反应发生率分别为16.1%、12.9%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:低钠HD联合HDF治疗终末期肾脏病合并顽固性高血压患者可有效改善钙磷代谢并促进血压节律恢复。     

Orcadian, Weekly, and Seasonal Variations in Cardiac Mortality, Blood Pressure, and Catecholamine Excretion

Time of occurrence of cardiac death due to arrhythmia, heart failure, or acute myocardial infarction was recorded in 86 elderly subjects, belonging to a group in whom circadian and circannual rhythms in blood pressure and urinary catecholamine excretion had been studied previously. All patients were retired, with no work responsibilities, and lived-closely-supervised in a home for the aged-on a routine that provided little differences between weekdays and weekends. Cardiac mortality showed a circadian variation, with a peak in the early morning hours, coinciding with the circadian peak in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. A weekly (circaseptan) variation in cardiac mortality was found, with the greatest number of patients dying on Mondays and the least on Thursdays. There were seasonal differences in cardiac mortality, with a peak in July and a broader peak during the cold season (December to February). The former coincides with the circannual peak in diastolic blood pressure, but is unrelated to the seasonal variation in norepinephrine excretion. Circadian, circaseptan, and circannual variations in cardiac mortality appear to be the expression of time-dependent, transient risk states for catastrophic cardiac events, which may lend themselves to preventive treatment.     

贝那普利联合氨氯地平对高血压患者降压效果、血压变异性及心功能的影响

目的:探讨贝那普利联合氨氯地平对高血压患者降压效果、血压变异性(BPV)及心功能的影响。方法:选取2015年2月～2018年12月期间西安交通大学医学院附属三二〇一医院收治的131例高血压患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=65)和研究组(n=66),对照组患者给予氨氯地平治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合贝那普利治疗。比较两组患者治疗后的降压效果、BPV以及心功能指标,记录两组患者治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:两组患者治疗4个月后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后24 h收缩压变异性(24hSBPV)、白天收缩压变异性(dSBPV)、24h舒张压变异性(24hDBPV)、白天舒张压变异性(dDBPV)均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05),而夜间收缩压变异性(nSBPV)、夜间舒张压变异性(nDBPV)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后A峰速度、A/E峰值均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后E峰速度、EF值均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗高血压患者的降压效果确切,可有效改善患者BPV及心功能,且安全性较好。     

氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙对高血压合并冠心病的疗效分析

目的:研究氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙对高血压合并冠心病的临床疗效,对该方法的安全性和有效性进行评价。方法:选取80例高血压合并冠心病患者,随机分为两组,即对照组和观察组。对照组患者给予阿托伐他汀钙片,观察组患者给予氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片。观察并记录两组患者治疗前后的收缩压、舒张压水平,以及心绞痛发生情况,治疗前后检测患者体内TG、TC、LDL-C及HDL-C表达水平。结果:和对照组患者相比,观察组患者降压作用及心绞痛改善作用均显效率显著提高(P0.05);和治疗前相比,两组患者收缩压、舒张压,以及TG、TC、LDL-C表达水平均显著降低,HDL-C表达水平均显著升高(P0.05);和对照组患者相比,观察组患者治疗后收缩压、舒张压,以及TG、TC、LDL-C表达水平降低更显著,HDL-C表达水平升高更显著(P0.05)。结论:和单独应用阿托伐他汀钙相比,氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙治疗高血压合并冠心病具有更好的的临床疗效,能有效的控制血压及血脂水平。     

Central Pressure Appraisal: Clinical Validation of a Subject-Specific Mathematical Model

IntroductionCurrent evidence suggests that aortic blood pressure has a superior prognostic value with respect to brachial pressure for cardiovascular events, but direct measurement is not feasible in daily clinical practice.AimThe aim of the present study is the clinical validation of a multiscale mathematical model for non-invasive appraisal of central blood pressure from subject-specific characteristics.MethodsA total of 51 young male were selected for the present study. Aortic systolic and diastolic pressure were estimated with a mathematical model and were compared to the most-used non-invasive validated technique (SphygmoCor device, AtCor Medical, Australia). SphygmoCor was calibrated through diastolic and systolic brachial pressure obtained with a sphygmomanometer, while model inputs consist of brachial pressure, height, weight, age, left-ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, and data from a pulse wave velocity study.ResultsModel-estimated systolic and diastolic central blood pressures resulted to be significantly related to SphygmoCor-assessed central systolic (r = 0.65 p <0.0001) and diastolic (r = 0.84 p<0.0001) blood pressures. The model showed a significant overestimation of systolic pressure (+7.8 (-2.2;14) mmHg, p = 0.0003) and a significant underestimation of diastolic values (-3.2(-7.5;1.6), p = 0.004), which imply a significant overestimation of central pulse pressure. Interestingly, model prediction errors mirror the mean errors reported in large meta-analysis characterizing the use of the SphygmoCor when non-invasive calibration is performed.ConclusionIn conclusion, multi-scale mathematical model predictions result to be significantly related to SphygmoCor ones. Model-predicted systolic and diastolic aortic pressure resulted in difference of less than 10 mmHg in the 51% and 84% of the subjects, respectively, when compared with SphygmoCor-obtained pressures.     

松龄血脉康对1级高血压合并睡眠障碍患者的临床疗效

目的:探讨松龄血脉康对1级高血压合并睡眠障碍患者生活质量及临床疗效的影响。方法:收集我院收治的150例1级高血压合并睡眠障碍患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组75例。对照组患者给予硝苯地平缓释片并结合低盐饮食,减少脂肪摄入,减轻体重,增加体育活动等。实验组患者在对照组患者基础上给予松龄血脉康胶囊。观察并比较两组患者的治疗前后血压、生活质量水平以及患者睡眠障碍、高血压的临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后收缩压、舒张压水平均下降,生活质量评分均升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者收缩压、舒张压水平较低,生活质量评分、睡眠障碍以及高血压的治疗有效率较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:松龄血脉康能够降低1级高血压合并睡眠障碍患者血压水平,提高其生活质量,提高治疗效果。     

高通量血液透析对糖尿病肾病血液透析患者心脏功能及结构的影响及预后的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨高通量血液透析对糖尿病肾病（DN）血液透析患者心脏功能及结构的影响,并分析预后的影响因素。方法：选取2017年5月~2018年11月期间我院收治的DN血液透析患者（n=172）,上述DN血液透析患者中普通透析治疗者60例（普通透析组）、高通量血液透析治疗者112例（高通量透析组）。普通透析组采用低通量透析治疗,高通量透析组采用高通量透析治疗,比较两组患者心脏功能及结构以及预后情况,采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析预后的影响因素。结果：高通量透析组治疗6个月后左心房内径（LAD）、左心室舒张末内径（LVDd）、左心室心肌重量指数（LVMI）低于治疗前和普通透析组（P<0.05）,高通量透析组治疗6个月后左心室射血分数( LVEF )高于治疗前和普通透析组（P<0.05）。高通量透析组的生存率高于普通透析组（P<0.05）。存活组年龄、上机前舒张压、上机前收缩压、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）均低于死亡组（P<0.05）,存活组透析频率、白蛋白、血红蛋白均高于死亡组（P<0.05）,两组性别、血钙比较无差异（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,上机前舒张压高、上机前收缩压高、血磷高、iPTH高、透析频率少、白蛋白低、血红蛋白低均是DN血液透析患者死亡的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：高通量血液透析能减轻DN患者血液透析所引起的心脏功能及结构损伤,改善患者预后。影响DN血液透析患者预后的因素较多,其中上机前舒张压、上机前收缩压、血磷、iPTH越高,白蛋白、血红蛋白越低,透析频率越少,患者的死亡风险越大。     

Endpiece: It works in every country

ObjectivesTo determine whether any vital signs can be used to quickly identify brain lesions in patients with impaired consciousness. DesignCross sectional observational study.SettingEmergency department of an urban hospital, Japan.Participants529 consecutive patients (mean age 65 years) presenting with impaired consciousness (score <15 on the Glasgow coma scale) during 2000.Results312 (59%) had a brain lesion which accounted for the impaired consciousness. The area under the receiver operating curve for systolic blood pressure was 0.90 (SE 0.01), indicating significantly higher accuracy (P<0.01) in the identification of a brain lesion than using diastolic pressure 0.82 (0.02) or pulse rate 0.63 (0.03). Likelihood ratios for systolic blood pressure lower than 90 mm Hg were less than 0.04, and those for systolic pressure higher than 170 mm Hg were greater than 6.09.ConclusionsSystolic blood pressure is useful for diagnosing brain lesions in patients with impaired consciousness.

What is already known on this topic

Brain imaging and neurological examination of patients with impaired consciousness are often a waste of time and resources and can delay correct diagnosis

What this paper adds

Systolic blood pressure distinguishes patients with impaired consciousness who are at high risk from those who are at low risk of an organic brain lesionGeneral use of systolic blood pressure in the diagnosis of impaired consciousness may have clinical and economic benefits     

Multifrequency Infradian Variation of Blood Pressure During and After Human Pregnancy

We used a chronobiologic approach to explore the possibility that there may be -7-day (circaseptan) and -30-day (circatrigintan) components in blood pressure during a healthy human pregnancy, the amenorrhea of this status notwithstanding. The results were compared with those obtained from data longitudinally monitored on the same subject at a time when she was not pregnant. The woman under study used an ABPM-630 Colin (Komaki, Japan) device to monitor her blood pressures and heart rates at half to 1-h intervals, with few interruptions. During pregnancy, starting during the first gestational week, she monitored herself for 2 of each 6-day span for the entire duration of pregnancy (a total of 76 days of monitoring). Additionally, with a monitoring protocol similar to that during pregnancy, the subject used the same blood pressure monitor for a total of 78 days during 9.6 months and starting 1 year after delivery. The data obtained oscillometrically for both longitudinal profiles were analyzed separately by multiple-component linear least-squares rhythmometry, a procedure used to describe the periodic waveform of nonsinusoidal rhythms. The analysis of blood pressure variability during pregnancy allows the identification not only of the circadian (with a period of 24 h), but also of other statistically significant components with periods of 156 (6.5 days, apparently free-running from the social week) and of 720 h (30 days) for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This multiharmonic time structure is somewhat different during menstruation in the same woman and during a similar time span, with statistically significant components of 96 h (4 days), 192 h (8 days), and 960 h (40 days) for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, the ratio between the amplitudes of the infradian components identified during pregnancy in clinical health is reversed from that obtained in women with preeclampsia. The complex time-structure of blood pressure during pregnancy offers new endpoints to be taken into account for an early identification of gestational hypertension or even preeclampsia.     

Multifrequency Infradian Variation of Blood Pressure During and After Human Pregnancy

We used a chronobiologic approach to explore the possibility that there may be -7-day (circaseptan) and -30-day (circatrigintan) components in blood pressure during a healthy human pregnancy, the amenorrhea of this status notwithstanding. The results were compared with those obtained from data longitudinally monitored on the same subject at a time when she was not pregnant. The woman under study used an ABPM-630 Colin (Komaki, Japan) device to monitor her blood pressures and heart rates at half to 1-h intervals, with few interruptions. During pregnancy, starting during the first gestational week, she monitored herself for 2 of each 6-day span for the entire duration of pregnancy (a total of 76 days of monitoring). Additionally, with a monitoring protocol similar to that during pregnancy, the subject used the same blood pressure monitor for a total of 78 days during 9.6 months and starting 1 year after delivery. The data obtained oscillometrically for both longitudinal profiles were analyzed separately by multiple-component linear least-squares rhythmometry, a procedure used to describe the periodic waveform of nonsinusoidal rhythms. The analysis of blood pressure variability during pregnancy allows the identification not only of the circadian (with a period of 24 h), but also of other statistically significant components with periods of 156 (6.5 days, apparently free-running from the social week) and of 720 h (30 days) for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This multiharmonic time structure is somewhat different during menstruation in the same woman and during a similar time span, with statistically significant components of 96 h (4 days), 192 h (8 days), and 960 h (40 days) for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, the ratio between the amplitudes of the infradian components identified during pregnancy in clinical health is reversed from that obtained in women with preeclampsia. The complex time-structure of blood pressure during pregnancy offers new endpoints to be taken into account for an early identification of gestational hypertension or even preeclampsia.     

针刺联合丙泊酚用于无痛结肠镜检查的可行性研究

目的:观察针刺联合丙泊酚用于无痛结肠镜检查的可行性。方法:选择2017年1月至2018年1月在我院行无痛结肠镜检查的门诊患者80例作为研究对象,将其按随机数字表分为对照组和观察组,每组40例患者。对照组给予静脉泵入丙泊酚后进行检查,观察组在对照组的基础上再联合针刺镇痛,比较两组检查时间、检查后腹痛NRS评分、丙泊酚用量及患者满意度,连续动态监测检查前、检查后2 min、检查后5 min、检查结束后的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)的变化情况,记录检查过程中不良反应的发生情况,调查愿意接受复查情况。结果:观察组检查时间明显短于对照组(P0.05),丙泊酚用量、检查后腹痛NRS评分、不良反应发生率均明显低于对照组(P0.05),患者满意度、愿意接受复查率均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组检查前后心率、收缩压、舒张压无明显变化(P0.05),而对照组检查后2 min、检查后5 min心率、收缩压、舒张压均较检查前明显下降(P0.05),观察组检查后2 min、5 min的心率、收缩压、舒张压均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:针刺联合丙泊酚应用于无痛结肠镜检查较单用丙泊酚具有更好的镇痛效果,且对生命体征的影响更小,安全性更高,患者满意度及依从性更好。     

双水平气道内正压通气治疗尿毒症合并左心衰竭患者的疗效观察

目的:观察双水平气道内正压通气(BiPAP)治疗尿毒症合并左心衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法:选取82例确诊为尿毒症合并左心衰竭的患者,在患者进行常规的强心、利尿、扩血管、持续性肾替代治疗(CRRT)30 min后无缓解后,立即对患者进行BiPAP治疗。比较患者在常规治疗30 min末、BiPAP治疗后1 h、2 h后收缩压、舒张压、心率、呼吸频率、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)等指标的变化,以及常规治疗30 min末、BiPAP治疗2h后的血浆脑钠肽(BNP)、血乳酸(Lac)水平和临床表现的变化。结果:经Bi PAP治疗后患者症状和体征缓解的有效率为93.90%。BiPAP治疗1 h、2 h后与常规治疗30 min末比较,患者的收缩压、舒张压、心率、呼吸频率具有显著下降(P0.05),PaO_2则显著升高(P0.05),PaCO_2的变化经比较则无显著的统计学意义(P0.05)。BiPAP治疗2 h后患者的血浆BNP、Lac水平与常规治疗30 min末比较均显著下降(P0.05)。结论:BiPAP治疗尿毒症并发急性左心衰竭患者可有效改善患者的症状和体征,改善心功能,适合在临床上推广应用。     

硝普钠治疗风湿性心脏病并发心衰患者的临床效果研究

目的:探讨硝普钠治疗风湿性心脏病并发心衰患者的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取内蒙古医科大学第三附属医院2016-2019年收治的80例风湿性心脏病并发心衰患者,将其随机分为研究组和对照组,每组40例。对照组采取常规治疗,研究组在此基础上应用硝普钠治疗,对比两组治疗前后心脏血流动力学参数、舒张压、收缩压、心率、呼吸的变化、临床效果及不良反应的发生情况。结果:两组治疗后左心室收缩末期内径(Left ventricular end-systolic diameter,LVESD)、左房内径(left atrial diameter,LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)均较治疗前明显降低,左室射血分数值(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)均明显高于治疗后(P0.05),且研究组上述指标的改善程度均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。研究组治疗后舒张压、收缩压、心率、呼吸低于对照组(P0.05);研究组的治疗有效率心脏高于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:硝普钠治疗风湿性心脏病并发心衰患者应可有效改善患者心功能,提高临床治疗效果,具安全性较好。     

高血压脑出血患者术后重症监护治疗与早期再出血的相关因素分析

目的:探究高血压脑出血患者术后重症监护治疗与早期(24 h内)再出血的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年10月于中山大学附属第一医院及中山市人民医院行手术治疗并进行重症监护的高血压脑出血患者的相关资料,记录术后早期发生再出血情况,比较其相关因素,包括年龄、性别、术前格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分、出血量、术前收缩压、术后收缩压、镇静时间、插管时间、有无使用止血药、血压波动、血压差、有无镇痛情况,分析术后早期再出血的影响因素。结果:本研究共纳入465例患者,其中术后早期再出血患者44例,未再出血患者421例,再出血发生率为9.46%(44/465)。高血压脑出血术后早期再出血患者的术后收缩压、有无镇痛、血压差、血压波动与未再出血患者比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后早期再出血患者的年龄、性别及术前GCS评分、出血量、术前收缩压、镇静时间、插管时间、有无使用止血药与未再出血患者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,患者血压波动大是术后早期再出血的危险因素,手术前后血压差大、术后使用镇痛治疗是其保护因素。结论:高血压脑出血患者术后血压波动、手术前后血压差及术后镇痛治疗均是早期再出血的影响因素,合理降压及镇痛治疗可减少脑出血术后早期再出血的发生。     

硬膜外复合全身麻醉对开胸手术患者血流动力学和应激反应的影响研究

目的:研究硬膜外复合全身麻醉对开胸手术患者血流动力学和应激反应的影响。方法:选取120例我院2015年1月到2016年1月收治的开胸手术患者,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,对照组给予单纯全麻,研究组给予硬膜外复合全身麻醉,比较两组苏醒时间、苏醒期收缩压、舒张压、心率及烦躁情况,并比较两组术前、术后72 h血糖、皮质醇以及肾上腺素水平。结果:两组苏醒时间比较无统计学意义(P0.05),苏醒期研究组收缩压、舒张压及心率、烦躁发生率均较对照组降低(P0.05);两组术前血糖、皮质醇及肾上腺素比较无统计学差异(P0.05);术后72 h,两组血糖、皮质醇及肾上腺素均升高(P0.05);研究组血糖、皮质醇及肾上腺素均较对照组降低(P0.05)。结论:硬膜外复合全身麻醉应用于开胸手术能显著提高患者苏醒期苏醒质量,稳定血流动力学,改善其应激反应。     

Long-term follow-up of a hypertension screening program.

Of 185 people found to be hypertensive in a shopping centre screening program who went to their physician and had medication prescribed, then were contacted 18 months later, 33 had discontinued the medication at their physician''s request. But of 152 who were to continue taking medication 139 (91.4%) had complied. Blood pressure had decreased to less than 160 mm Hg systolic or less than 95 mm Hg diastolic, or both, in 65.1% of the 152; was 160 to 169 mm Hg systolic or 95 to 99 mm Hg diastolic, or both, in 13.8%; was mildly or moderately decreased but still above 169 mm Hg systolic or 99 mmHg diastolic, or both, in 8.6%; and was higher than before the onset of treatment in 3.9%. Adequacy of blood pressure control was not related to age, sex, initial blood pressure values, awareness before the screening of having hypertension, or treatment for hypertension before the screening. Diuretics had been prescribed for 93.5% of the 139 patients, most often as single-pill combinations with other antihypertensive agents.     

经鼻高流量氧疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的临床疗效研究

目的:探讨经鼻高流量氧疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的临床疗效。方法:选择2013年7月至2017年7月我院接诊的80例急阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者进行研究,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=35)。观察组采用经鼻高流量氧疗进行治疗,对照组采用无创正压通气进行治疗,比较两组临床疗效、夜间呼吸暂停时间、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、总睡眠时间、醒觉时间、血氧饱和度、治疗前后血压、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、总胆固醇(TC)水平及生活质量评分的变化。结果:观察组患者治疗后有效率为88.89%,显著高于对照组(71.43%,P0.05)。治疗后,观察组夜间最低血氧饱和度、总睡眠时间、醒觉时间、生活质量评分均明显高于对照组,AHI、收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、血清hs-CRP、LDL以及TC水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:经鼻高流量氧疗用于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的临床疗效明显优于无创正压通气进行治疗,其可显著改善患者的临床症状,提高患者的生活质量。     

Relation between mortality and treated blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension: report of the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly.

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the relation between mortality and treated systolic and diastolic blood pressures. DESIGN--Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. Mortality in the two treatment groups was examined in thirds of treated systolic and diastolic blood pressures. PATIENTS--339 And 352 patients allocated to placebo and active treatment, respectively. The groups were similar at randomisation in sex ratio (70% women), mean age (71.5 years), blood pressure (182/101 mm Hg), and proportion of patients with cardiovascular complications (35%). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--In the placebo group total mortality rose with increasing systolic pressure whereas it had a U shaped relation with diastolic pressure, the total lowest mortality being in patients in the middle third of the distribution of diastolic pressure. In the group given active treatment total mortality showed a U shaped relation with systolic pressure and an inverse association with treated diastolic pressure. In both groups cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality followed the same trends as total mortality. The increased mortality in the lowest thirds of pressure was not associated with an increased proportion of patients with cardiovascular complications at randomisation or with a fall in diastolic pressure exceeding the median fall in pressure in each group. In contrast, patients in the lowest thirds of pressure showed greater decreases in body weight and haemoglobin concentration than those in the middle and upper thirds of pressure. CONCLUSIONS--In patients taking active treatment total mortality was increased in the lowest thirds of treated systolic and diastolic blood pressures. This increased mortality is not necessarily explained by an exaggerated reduction in pressure induced by drugs as for diastolic pressure a U shaped relation also existed during treatment with placebo. In addition, patients in the lowest thirds of systolic and diastolic pressures were characterised by decreases in body weight and haemoglobin concentration, and the patients in the lowest thirds of diastolic pressure taking active treatment also by an increased non-cardiovascular mortality, suggesting some deterioration of general health.     

培哚普利联合螺内酯治疗非腺瘤型原发性醛固酮增多症的临床疗效研究

目的:研究培哚普利联合螺内酯治疗非腺瘤型原发性醛固酮增多症患者的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取在我院进行诊治的62例非腺瘤型原发性醛固酮增多症患者并将其随机分为对照组和观察组,每组31例。对照组患者在常规治疗方案的基础上给予20 mg螺内酯口服,一天3次;观察组患者在对照组的基础上加用4 mg培哚普利口服,一天1次。所有患者均治疗3个月,观察和比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后血压、心功能、血钾、6分钟步行试验结果的变化。结果:(1)治疗后,对照组临床总有效率为74.2%(23/31),较观察组[93.5%(29/31)]显著降低(P0.05);(2)治疗后,两组患者收缩压和舒张压、LVESD(左室收缩末期内径)、LVEDD(左室舒张末期内径)均显著低于治疗前(P0.05),而LVEF(左室射血分数)、血清钾浓度、6分钟步行距离均显著高于治疗前(P0.05),且观察组患者收缩压和舒张压、LVEDD、LVESD均明显低于对照组,而LVEF、血清钾浓度、6分钟步行距离均显著高于对照组(P0.05);(3)治疗过程中,对照组患者不良反应发生率为6.5%(2/31),观察组为12.9%(4/31),两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:培哚普利联合螺内酯治疗非腺瘤型原发性醛固酮增多症患者可显著提高其临床疗效,改善患者心功能,并有效降低血压,且安全性高。