巨大侧耳原生质体制备条件的优化

为优化巨大侧耳原生质体的制备条件,该研究以两株不同温型的巨大侧耳菌株PG46和PG79为材料,采用单因素和正交试验方法对原生质体制备的菌丝体菌龄、稳渗剂种类、溶壁酶浓度、酶解温度和酶解时间进行研究。结果表明:(1)在单因素实验中,巨大侧耳原生质体制备的适宜条件为菌龄5 d,溶壁酶浓度2.5%,0.6 mol·L^-1甘露醇,32 ℃(PG46)或27～35 ℃(PG79)酶解4 h。(2)正交试验验证并优化了单因素实验结果,组合2(菌龄5 d,溶壁酶浓度2.5%,0.6 mol·L^-1的甘露醇,32 ℃酶解4 h)可同时作为PG46和PG79原生质体制备的最适条件,原生质体产量分别为11.22×10⁶ CFU·mL^-1和7.28×10⁶ CFU·mL^-1。(3)F-test检验中,各因素对原生质体制备的影响程度依次为菌龄>溶壁酶浓度>酶解温度>酶解时间(PG46),菌龄>酶解时间>酶解温度>溶壁酶浓度(PG79)。综上所述,两株不同温型巨大侧耳菌株的原生质体制备条件基本一致,菌龄对两菌株原生质体得率的影响程度最显著。该研究结果可为后续巨大侧耳的杂交育种、遗传转化、全基因组测序等工作奠定基础,进一步推动巨大侧耳分子遗传学的发展。     

蛹虫草原生质体紫外诱变选育胞外多糖高产菌株

蛹虫草是重要的药食兼用两用真菌,具有较高的医用及经济价值。本文通过单因素和正交试验的方法研究了不同酶系统、酶解温度、酶解时间、渗透压稳定剂、菌龄对蛹虫草原生质体形成的影响,并对蛹虫草原生质体进行紫外诱变,以生物量和胞外多糖产量为指标选育胞外多糖高产菌株。结果表明：在30℃、1％溶壁酶＋0．5％蜗牛酶＋0．5％纤维素酶条件下,以甘露醇为渗透压稳定剂对4日龄蛹虫草菌丝酶解2h,原生质体产量可达到9．2×10^6个/mL。从150株诱变株中筛选出1株最佳正诱变株,编号为44#,经深层培养其生物量比出发菌株提高10％,胞外多糖产量提高84．3％,继代培养10代后,遗传稳定性良好。     

木质层孔菌原生质体的制备与再生条件的研究

目的：提高木质层孔菌原生质体的产量和再生率,为进一步诱变育种提高菌株产木质纤维素酶活力打下基础。方法：通过单因素实验分别筛选合适的酶浓度、菌丝的菌龄、酶解温度、酶解时间、渗透压稳定剂与pH值。结果：在酶解液浓度为2.0%纤维素酶＋2.0%蜗牛酶、菌龄60h、酶解温度32℃、酶解时间3h,以0.8mol/L的NaCl溶液为渗透压稳定剂,pH值为5.0时,原生质体形成量达4.13×10^5个/mL,再生率可达6.95%。有效地提高了木质层孔菌原生质体的产量和再生率。     

欧洲小叶椴的胚培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称欧洲小叶椴（Tilia cordata Mill．）。 2材料类别成熟胚。 3培养条件（1）／3动培养基：MS＋6-BA2．0mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．1;（2）增殖培养基：MS＋6．BA1．0＋NAA0．1;（3）壮苗生根培养基：1／2MS＋IBA1．0＋NAA0．3。以上培养基均加入0．55％琼脂和20g·L^-1。蔗精,pH5．8-6．0。培养温度为（25±2）℃;光照培养时间12h·d^-1,光照强度40．50μmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

‘过山香’香蕉胚性悬浮细胞原生质体分离的方法研究

目的：研究不同的方法对‘过山香’胚性悬浮细胞原生质体分离的影响,筛选最适合用于‘过山香’香蕉胚性悬浮细胞原生质体分离的方案。方法：用不同浓度、不同组合的酶液对‘过山香’原生质体进行分离,并对酶液的甘露醇含量、pH值进行调节。结果：3．0％纤维素酶R-10＋0．2％果胶酶Y-23的是最佳酶组合;酶解8h、酶液中含0．41M甘露醇、酶液pH值为5．3时,获得原生质体产量最高。结论：合适的酶组合、酶解时间、酶液的渗透压和pH值对‘过山香’香蕉胚性悬浮细胞原生质体的分离有明显的促进作用。     

大旗瓣凤仙花的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 大旗瓣风仙花（Impatiens macrovexilla Y．L．Chen）。 2材料类别 茎上侧芽。 3培养条件 增殖培养基：（1）MS＋6-BA1．5mg·L^-1（单位下同）;继代和生根培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA1．0。以上培养基中均加入30g·L^-1蔗糖和5．5g·L^-1琼脂,pH5．8。培养温度（25±3）℃,光照时间12h·d^-1,光照强度40～50gmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

刺五加幼叶原生质体的分离法

将室内盆栽的刺五加幼苗叶片以含1%纤维素酶和0.5%果胶酶的酶解液酶解6h后,其游离原生质体的产量和活性分别为2.22×105个·g-1(FW)和92.8%,酶解液中加入的渗透压稳定剂——甘露醇浓度以0.5mol·L-1为最适宜。     

北美鹅掌楸原生质体的分离与培养

以鹅掌楸属植物北美鹅掌楸的悬浮细胞和组培苗叶片为材料,对北美鹅掌楸原生质体分离、纯化与培养条件进行研究.结果表明:叶片和悬浮细胞用含有0.1％2-吗啉乙磺酸(MES)和0.6 mol/L甘露醇的Cell ProtoplastWash(60M-CPW)溶液25℃预处理lh效果最好;悬浮细胞最佳酶解液为60M-CPW+ 1％纤维素酶+1％半纤维素酶+0.2％果胶酶Y-23+0.1％ MES,每克材料25℃酶解6h有效原生质体产量可以达到3×106个;叶片最佳酶解液为60M-CPW+2％纤维素酶+1％半纤维素酶+0.2％果胶酶Y-23+0.1％ MES,每克材料25℃酶解10 h有效原生质体产量可以达到11×106个;悬浮细胞原生质体易于培养,在KM8p+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L 6-BA培养基中培养25 d可形成肉眼可见的愈伤组织.     

斜卧青霉原生质体制备和再生的研究

研究了斜卧青霉原生质体制备和再生的条件,确定了培养方式、菌龄、渗透压稳定剂、酶的配比、酶解时间等因素对原生质体制备和再生的影响。最佳条件：菌丝体培养12h,用1％溶壁酶＋1％纤维素酶＋1％蜗牛酶的混合酶液酶解,将NaCl作为渗透压稳定剂,酶解时间为1．5h。在此条件下原生质体的形成量达到5．3×10^5个／mL,再生率为19．4％。     

海洋Cellulophagasp．QY201产生ι-卡拉胶酶的发酵条件优化

目的：通过发酵条件优化,提高海洋Cellulophagasp．QY201的l-卡拉胶酶产量。方法：采用正交试验分别对发酵条件、培养基配方进行优化。结果：该菌株最适培养基配方为（w／v）：3％NaCl、0．5％MgSO4·7H2O、0．02％CaCl2、0．01％KCl、0．002％FeSO4、0．25％CaSein、0．15％Na2HPO4、0．2％NaNO3、0．25％L-卡拉胶。最佳培养条件为：培养基体积为70ml／250ml三角瓶,接种量为1％,25℃,90r／min培养36h。优化后酶活最高可达2．64U／ml,较优化前提高了22倍。结论：QY201最佳发酵条件的建立,为ι-卡拉胶酶的大规模生产创造了条件。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism