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It is here argued that the traditionally accepted view regarding the inaccessibility of the woman's world to male ethnographers is largely a rationalization that justifies not collecting information about women, glosses over the fact that much such information is readily attainable, makes the questionable assumption that this information will be so distorted as to be useless, and erroneously implies that there are no comparable problems for male ethnographers working with the man's world.  相似文献   

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This paper describes the foundations of ecology as a science and argues for adherence to scientific principles in the environmental arena. Ecology as a science does not present moral or ethical guidance for societal use in environmental management. Moral, ethical, economic, and political values are integral parts of environmental management, but they are derived outside the realm of science. We emphasize the importance of preserving the power of science as a methodology to acquire objective information separated from societal values. Environmental Risk Assessment is a process that engages and requires both the life and social sciences for successful environmental management.  相似文献   

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The recent work of Haubold and Wiehe (Mol. Biol. Evol. 18:1157–1160, 2001) considered statistical inference of the divergence time. However, there appears to be a fundamental flaw in the paper since it treated the divergence time as a random variable and not as a parameter. In this note, we derive a valid statistical inference for the divergence time. We derive an estimator for the divergence time as well as explicit expressions for its the probability density function, cumulative distribution function and the means. We also provide a 5-line computer program for computing the associated confidence intervals. We expect that the results presented could be useful for statistical modeling of divergence times.  相似文献   

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A private practioner presents misconceptions of the relationship between aging dental patients and dentists which he has observed in his experience. Many dentists have accepted some of the stereotypes of the aging and it affects the treatment they offer these patients. Geriatric dental patients have often developed generalizations about dental treatments based on earlier periods in dentistry and on economic limitations sometimes encountered in their life state. Several different dental care delivery systems have come into existence in recent years. It is sometimes difficult for the aging patient to choose among these systems because of the misconceptions previously mentioned. Both the dentist and the aging patient must recognize the existence of individuality in the other. The key to this recognition and to better understanding is communication.  相似文献   

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The Myth of Male Superiority: Rise and Demise   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A prolific literature exists concerning the origins and functions of the institutionalization of sex-role differences. However, persistent problems and sharply divergent views remain. This study attempts to circumvent the nature/nurture controversy by utilizing a holistic-evolutionary approach to the problem. The reviews of evidence from ethology, developmental psychology, and cross-cultural investigations lead to a social-exchange model involving differences in the elasticities of male and female labor contributions in social evolution. Assumptions about future technological progress lead to prediction of the demise of the myth of male supremacy. [sex differences in social evolution, ontogeny of human behavior]  相似文献   

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There has been a controversial issue in phylogenetic relationships among animals, fungi, and plants. Before Whittaker and Margulis (1) classified the fungi as a separate kingdom in their five-kingdom classification, fungi traditionally had been considered more closely related to plants than to animals. With the determination of the primary structures of small subunit rRNA and the proteins like actin and α-tubulin in various organisms, these sequences have been used to make molecular trees. Most of these studies show that fungi and animals are sister groups (2-4).  相似文献   

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Based upon the contradictory definitions of the crime, the Brazilian movement against trafficking in persons situates itself as a “struggle against modern slavery.” Within this moralistic context, the movement has frequently utilized invented statistics and apocalyptic declarations regarding trafficking in order to achieve greater “advocacy value” among members of the Brazilian public. A key component of this discursive formation has been the creation and promulgation of a mythological view of a “typical” trafficking victim’s experience: what we call “The Myth of Maria, an exemplary trafficking victim.” The present article seeks to follow the history of the Myth of Maria, developing an initial chronology mapped out and analyzed by Adriana Piscitelli in 2004 and extending this into the post-2006 period when Brazil established its first national policies and plans to combat trafficking in persons. We then analyze how the myth ignores many of the realities revealed by the past decade of ethnographic research into trafficking in Brazil. Finally, we conclude with a structuralist hypothesis (drawn from the field of feminist anthropology) regarding the Myth’s continuing unabated popularity among almost all actors in the political field of anti-trafficking policy.  相似文献   

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War before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage. Lawrence Keeley. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. 246 pp.  相似文献   

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The Ephemeral Civilization: Exploding the Myth of Social Evolution. Graeme Donald Snooks. London: Routledge, 1997. 858 pp.  相似文献   

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