绿僵菌属的一个新种

本文报导从贵州省贵阳罹病梨虎Rhynchites Coreanus Kono幼虫虫尸分离的一种绿僵菌新种的鉴定结果,该菌与绿僵菌属模式种金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) s-orkin 有明显区别,根据菌落颜色、分生孢子团块大小、连接紧密和牢固程度、孢子链连接方式和分生孢子形态等,我们鉴定为新种——翠绿绿僵菌Metarhizium iadini chen、Guo et zhou sp.nov.     

绿僵菌属的三个新种

作者从广东、贵州、北京等地收集的虫生真菌中,发现在我国具有绿僵菌属特征的真菌可分为四个种。根据菌落颜色、分生孢子团块大小、紧密和牢固程度、孢子链连接方式、分生孢子形状等,将我们收集的属于本属的菌株分为四个种。本文报道绿僵菌属三个新种的描述。金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae(Metsch.)Sorokin为最常见的甘蔗金龟子致病菌,是本属的模式种。平沙绿僵菌Metarhizium pingshaense Chen et Guo sp.nov.、柱孢绿僵菌Metarhizium cylindrosporae Chen et Guo sp.nov.和贵州绿僵菌Metarhizium guizhouense Chen et Guo sp.nov.是三个新种。     

绿僵菌分生孢子对寄主附着机制的研究进展

绿僵菌Ｍｅｔａｒｈｉｚｉｕｍ（Ｍｅｔｓｃｈ．）Ｓｏｒｏｋｉｎ是一种世界性分布的杀虫真菌,据不完全统计,有２００多种昆虫能被这种真菌感染致死［１］,利用它来防治害虫的研究与实践已愈百年［２］。绿僵菌致病力强,效果好,对人、畜。作物无毒害,和白僵菌一样,是当前世界上研究和应用最多的虫生真菌之一,利用绿僵菌对害虫进行微生物防治具有广阔的前景［３］。目前,国外如美国、加拿大、巴西等国家已对其分生孢子和寄主之间的附着、识别等关系进行了大量的较详细的研究,并取得了一定成果,但在国内有关这方面的研究报道却很少…     

由部分核糖体RNA序列研究的绿僵菌属种系统发育关系

本研究应用特异寡聚核酸引物和双脱氧核苷酸终止法测定绿僵菌Ｍｅｔａｒｈｉｚｉｕｍ不同种的部分ｒＲＮＡ序列。这些序列分别选自小亚基（１８Ｓ）和大亚基（２５Ｓ）ｒＲＮＡ上的不同区域。校排的不同序列用于计算核苷酸的差异。绿僵菌的系统发育关系采用最大可能性方法分析。所有的分类单元聚类成二个分支。在产生圆柱状瓶形小梗的种中,Ｍ．ａｎｉｓｏｐｌｉａｅ ｖａｒ．ａｎｉｓｏｐｌｉａｅ．Ｍ．ａｎｉｓｏｐｌｉａｅ ｖａ     

绿僵菌属血清学的初步研究

本文采用凝集试验和免疫电泳的方法对不同来源的七株绿僵菌属真菌进行了免疫学对比研究。抗原是孢子悬液和菌丝体清液,通过对角兔接种抗原而获得抗血清。每一种抗原与其同源抗血清和异源抗血清进行交叉试验,并对凝集试验的结果以及免疫电泳反应产生的沉淀弧数目和免疫电泳图谱加以对比分析,试验结果表明：不同菌株间存在明显的抗原类似性,同时各菌株间也表现出一定的抗原专一性。根据试验数据对供试菌株进行血清学分型的结果与形     

绿僵菌属血清学的初步研究

本文采用凝集试验和免疫电泳的方法对不同来源的七株绿僵菌属真菌进行了免疫学对比研究。抗原是孢子悬液和菌丝体清液,通过对家兔接种抗原而获得抗血清。每一种抗原与其同源抗血清和异源抗血清进行交叉试验,并对凝集试验的结果以及免疫电泳反应产生的沉淀弧数目和免疫电泳图谱加以对比分析,试验结果表明:不同菌株间存在着明显的抗原类似性,同时各菌株间也表现出一定的抗原专一性。根据试验数据对供试菌株进行血清学分型的结果与形态学分类相符合。     

由部分核糖体RNA序列确定的绿僵菌属种系统发育关系

本研究应用特异寡聚核苷酸引物和双脱氧核苷酸终止法测定绿僵菌Metarhizium不同种的部分rRNA序列。这些序列分别选自小亚基(18S)和大亚基(25S)rRNA上的不同区域。校排的不同序列用于计算核苷酸的差异。绿僵菌的系统发育关系采用最大可能性(Maximum-Likelihood)方法分析。所有的分类单元聚类成二个分支。在产生圆柱状瓶形小梗的种中,M.anisopliae var.anisopliae,M.anisopliae var.majus,M.brunneum(NRRL1944),M.guizhouense,M.pingshaense和未知种M.sp.2组成一个密切相关的群组,而M.anisopliae(ACCC 30104)位于这群组之外。在产生棍棒状瓶形小梗的种中,M.album,M.cylindrosporae和M.flavoviride互相独立成支。实验结果不支持Metarhizium只能区分为M.anisopliae和M.flavoviride二个种的分类观点。文中还讨论了经典分类标准的系统发育价值。     

一株绿僵菌的分离研究

利用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基,对一株绿僵菌进行了分离培养。对不同生长发育天数的菌落特征即颜色、大小、孢子堆的形成等特点进行了描述。在光学显微镜下观察了菌丝的形态,成熟孢子及分生孢子梗的形状、颜色及连接状况。利用扫描电镜观察了分生孢子和孢子梗的超微形态。经培养特征和形态学鉴定,确定该昆虫病原真菌是金龟子绿僵菌。     

绿僵菌对昆虫的入侵机理

绿鹰菌［Ｍｅｔａｒｈｉｚｉｕｍ（Ｍｅｔｓｃｈ．）Ｓｏｒｏｋｉｎ］是一种有效的杀虫真菌，利用它来防治害虫的研究与实践已愈百年ｌ‘］。据不完全统计，全世界约有２００多种昆虫能被这种真菌感染致死，它致病力强，效果好，对人，畜，作物无毒害，和白僵菌一样，是一种当前世界上研究和应用最多的虫生真菌之一，利用绿僵菌对害虫进行微生物防治具有广阔的前景。但是同其它真菌杀虫剂一样，绿鹰菌的致死时间比化学杀虫剂长，因而影响了它效果的发挥，为挖掘及有效地应用这种有潜力的微生物制剂，国外已有许多国家对绿僵菌人侵机理进行了…     

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY,ULTRASTRUCTURE, AND TAXONOMIC REVISION OF CHLOROGONIUM (CHLOROPHYTA): EMENDATION OF CHLOROGONIUM AND DESCRIPTION OF GUNGNIR GEN. NOV. AND RUSALKA GEN. NOV.1

We examined the molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of Chlorogonium and related species to establish the natural taxonomy at the generic level. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA and RUBISCO LSU (rbcL) gene sequences revealed two separate clades of Chlorogonium from which Chlorogonium (Cg.) fusiforme Matv. was robustly separated. One clade comprised Cg. neglectum Pascher and Cg. kasakii Nozaki, whereas the other clade included the type species Cg. euchlorum (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb., Cg. elongatum (P. A. Dang.) Francé, and Cg. capillatum Nozaki, M. Watanabe et Aizawa. On the basis of unique ultrastructural characteristics, we described Gungnir Nakada gen. nov. comprising three species: G. neglectum (Pascher) Nakada comb. nov., G. mantoniae (H. Ettl) Nakada comb. nov., and G. kasakii (Nozaki) Nakada comb. nov. We also emended Chlorogonium as a monophyletic genus composed of Cg. euchlorum, Cg. elongatum, and Cg. capillatum. Because Cg. fusiforme was distinguished from the redefined Chlorogonium and Gungnir by the structure of its starch plate, which is associated with pyrenoids, we reclassified this species as Rusalka fusiformis (Matv.) Nakada gen. et comb. nov.     

NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF CERAMIACEAE (RHODOPHYTA) FROM THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES1

Five Ceramiaceae (Rhodophyta) are reported from the offshore waters of the southeastern, warm temperate coast of the United States. These include two new monotypic genera, Calliclavula trifurcate Schneider in the Griffithsieae and Nwynea grandispora Searles in the Sphondylothamnieae, and three new species, Callithamniella silvae Searles, Ptilothamnion occidentale Searles, and Lejolisia exposita Schneider et Searles.     

黄绿绿僵菌对褐飞虱和白背飞虱不同发育阶段的病原性的研究

本文报道了不同孢子浓度下黄绿绿僵菌对褐飞虱和白背飞虱不同发育阶段的易感性和毒力的研究。实验设10.5孢子/mm2,116.7孢子/mm2和1027.1孢子/mm2三种孢子剂量,两种飞虱分为幼龄若虫(1龄和2龄若虫)、高龄若虫(3、4、5龄若虫)和成虫三个发育阶段。实验发现褐飞虱与白背飞虱的三个发育阶段对黄绿绿僵菌的不同浓度的孢子液有不同程度的易感性。黄绿绿僵菌对褐飞虱幼龄若虫的毒力指标LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为>21、20.82和16.55;对高龄若虫的LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为17.68、15.49和13.98;而对成虫的LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为17.10、12.57和9.14。黄绿绿僵菌对白背飞虱幼龄若虫的毒力指标LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为>21、17.29和13.13;对高龄若虫的LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为16.94、15.02和13.03;而对白背飞虱成虫的LT50在三种孢子剂量下依次为12.78、10.16和7.64。二者的成虫的易感性比若虫的易感性强,高龄若虫的易感性比幼龄若虫的强。白背飞虱比褐飞虱对黄绿绿僵菌更加敏感。二者的死亡率随孢子浓度的增大而增大。     

PATHOGENICITY OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE VAR. ACRIDU TO THE DEVEOLPMENTAL STAGES OF BROWN PLANTHOPPER NILAPARVATA LUGENS STÅL AND SOGATELLA FURCIFERA (HORVATH)

Abstract  The susceptibility and virulence of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum to the stages of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) were investigated under laboratory conditions. Three dosages of M. anisopliae var. acridum ranging from 10.5, 116.3 and 1027.1 conidial/mm² were used in the experiment. The tested stages of host included three developmental stages, young nymphs (1–2 instars), old nymphs (3–5 instars) and adults. It was found that all tested stages of the planthoppers were susceptible to the fungal infection. The degree of virulence LT₅₀ of M. anisopliae var. acridum against young nymphs of N. lugens are >21, 20.82 and 16.55, respectively with the 3 dosages, the LT₅₀ of the fungus against the old nymphs are 17.68, 15.49 and 13.98, respectively with the 3 dosages; the LT₅₀ of the fungus against the adults are 17.10, 12.57 and 9.14 respectively with the 3 dosages. The degree of virulence LT₅₀ of M. anisopliae var. acridum on young nymphs of S. furcifera are >21, 17.29 and 13.13, respectively with the 3 dosages _; the LT₅₀ of the fungus against the old nymphs are 16.94, 15.02 and 13.03, respectively with the 3 dosages; the LT₅₀ of the fungus against the adults are 12.78, 10.16 and 7.64, respectively with the 3 dosages. Adults were more susceptible to M. anisopliae var. acridum infection than their nymphs and the young nymphs were most resistant to the fungal infection. The cumulative mortality of each stage was dosage-dependent. Of all the developmental stages, WBPH was more susceptible than BPH to M. anisopliae var. acridum infection with the same dosages.     

缅甸北部克钦白垩纪中期琥珀中的蜡蝉化石一新属新种: Ayaimatum trilobatum gen. et sp. nov.(半翅目: 蜡蝉总科: 拟蛛蜡蝉科)

根据缅甸北部克钦地区产出的白垩纪中期琥珀中保存的蜡蝉,建立了1新属1新种——三瓣残缺蜡蝉(Ayaimatum trilobatum gen. et sp. nov.),该新属新种属于白垩纪的拟蛛蜡蝉科(Mimarachnidae)。本文对拟蛛蜡蝉科的属种记录进行了综述,同时探讨了这一灭绝科属种的多样性和形态分异。     

Research note: Amorphochlora amoebiformis gen. et comb. nov. (Chlorarachniophyceae)

A chlorarachniophycean alga, Lotharella amoebiformis, which has been classified in the genus Lotharella is placed into a new genus Amorphochlora gen. nov., based on its phylogenetic position, which has been clarified by the recently accumulated molecular phylogenetic information, and the morphological difference between the vegetative cells of the Lotharella species. Following this taxonomic treatment, a new combination Amorphochlora amoebiformis comb. nov., is proposed.     

云南趾铁甲属一新种(鞘翅目:铁甲科)

本文记述采自云南的鞘翅目肖叶甲科一新种,似天目扁趾铁甲Dactylispa (Platypriella) similissp.nov.本新种与天目扁趾铁甲D.tienmuensis Chen Tan很近似,与后种的主要区别在于:鞘翅侧缘及端缘刺较疏少,肩刺及侧缘刺较长大,端部敞边较阔。     

川西毛冠菊的名实问题

在观察大量标本和野外考察的基础上,认为Nannoglottis souliei (Franch．)Ling et Y．L. Chen应作为N．gynura (C．Winkl．)Ling et Y．L. Chen的异名。     

MORPHOLOGY OF THE SUBANTARCTIC RED ALGA CENACRUM SUBSUTUM GEN. ET SP. NOV. (RHODYMENIALES) FROM MACQUARIE ISLAND1

The red alga Cenacrum subsutum gen. et sp. nov. is described from material collected at Macquarie Island in the subantarctic between November 1977 and February 1978. The habit and carposporophyte development are similar to members of the family Rhodymeniaceae (Rhodymeniales), but certain vegetative features are unique. The frond is a variously incised or lobed foliose blade with hollow apices above and a medulla which becomes progressively filled basipetally with ingrowing rhizoidal filaments. Details of carpogonial branch, auxiliary cell, connecting cell and gonimoblast anatomy are given, as well as observations on the habitats and distribution of the species.     

两种中国白粉菌的订正

在作者(郑儒永、陈桂清,1977)报道似钩状钩丝壳 Uncinula aduncoi-des Zheng & Chen 时,未能从苏联借到和它一样寄生在械属 Acer 上的另外一种钩丝壳柳氏钩丝壳 Uncinula ljubarskii Golov.进行对比研究,因而只能根据其作者(Golovin,1952,1960)两次报道该种时所发表的描述和绘图来加以比较,结果认为两者虽然比较接近,但仍然存在着足以区分为两个不同的种的形态差异:中国的菌的附属丝是向上渐粗的并在顶端钩状部分膨大,往往在基部有一个隔膜并有黄褐色的基部细胞;子囊无柄至近无柄;子囊孢子矩圆-卵形(长:宽=3:2)。苏联的菌的附属丝则是上下近等粗的,无隔膜;子囊有明显的柄;子囊孢子椭圆形(长:宽=2:1)。最近,Braun(1984)重新发表了研究柳氏钩丝壳的模式标本所写的描述。在他的描述中,除附属丝近等粗并且在顶端钩状部分不膨大外,其他方面均与我们的菌一致。根据这种情况,作者决定将似钩状钩丝壳降为柳氏钩丝壳的变种成为改级新组合似钩状柳氏钩丝壳 Uncinula ljubarskiiGolov vàr.aduncoides(Zheng & Chen)Zheng & Chen star.nov.。另外一种钩丝壳,枫香钩丝壳 Uncinula liquidambaris Zheng & Chen,作者(郑儒永、陈桂清,1978)在发表时所依据的标本都是一些很老的标本,子囊果上大部分的短型附属丝多已胶化不在,因而疏忽地把它当作了只有长型附属丝的钩丝壳属来发表。最近,由于有机会看到一份新采自福建的枫香白粉菌,发现除在同一个子囊果上可同时具有长、短两型的附属丝外,其他特征均与作者过去发表过的枫香钩丝壳一致,这才引起了我们的注意并促使我们对过去鉴定为枫香钩丝壳的所有标本重新进行镜检研究。结果表明,枫香上的菌是小钩丝壳属而不是钩丝壳属,因此应成为新组合枫香小钩丝壳 Undnuliella liquidambaris(Zheng＆ Chen)Zheng,Chen & Z.X.Chen comb.nov.。