rIL-2工程菌诱导阶段细胞再循环培养的研究

为了减少rIL-2工程菌高密度培养时乙酸的积累,在诱导阶段对该工程菌进行细胞再循环培养的研究,比较了细胞再循环补料液、pH、细胞循环培养时间段对工程菌的生长及rIL-2表达的影响。结果表明在菌密度D_(600)为50时,细胞再循环补料液中酵母抽提物与胰蛋白胨浓度为发酵培养基的5倍就能满足rIL-2表达的需求,同时选择诱导后4～6h之间的细胞再循环培养能有效地防止乙酸的过高积累并减少营养物质的损失,有利于rIL-2的表达。根据以上研究结果得到了rIL-2工程菌诱导阶段细胞再循环培养方法,使得在诱导前菌密度D_(600)为50左右时rIL-2的表达水平约为40％。     

r-IL2工程菌透析培养研究

为了去除乙酸对rIL-2工程菌生长及基因表达的抑制作用,用医用人工肾作为透析器建立了一套透析培养装置,通过该装置对rIL-2工程菌进行了透析培养的研究,结果表明透析液、pH、透析培养的持续时间段对工程菌的生长及rIL-2的表达有较大影响。通过选择高浓度的无机盐透析液及诱导后期的透析培养方法使菌密度在50 A_(600nm)时rIL-2表达水平仍大于40％。     

生长速度对β干扰素工程菌稳定性和产物表达的影响研究

为了研究发酵培养阶段生长速度对重组人干扰素β(hIFN-β)工程菌稳定性、菌体密度和干扰素表达的影响,采用日本LE．Marubishi MSJ-50L发酵罐,在发酵过程中于诱导后通过控制不同的补料速度,检测低和高生长速度及发酵结束后菌体密度、稳定性和重组人干扰素β的表达量。诱导后维持低生长速度,发酵结束后平均密度A600值为7．52,表达量达20．7％,质粒稳定率好,达到91％,粗制干扰素收获2．37克;维持高生长速度,发酵结束后平均密度A600值达20．57,而表达量降为4．13％,质粒稳定率降为27％,粗制干扰素收获仅为0．59克。诱导后生长速度对工程菌稳定性和产物表达有明显影响。     

基因工程菌培养过程中乙酸的积累及其对工程菌生长和产物表达的影响

在rIL-2工程菌K802(pLY-4)高密度培养中发现培养液中有大量代谢副产物乙酸积累,乙酸的存在对工程菌的生长和产物的表达均有明显的抑制作用,这种抑制作用是制约工程菌高密度培养的重要因素,为了减小这种抑制作用,研究了培养基pH与乙酸抑制作用的关系,发现适当提高培养基pH值,能有效地减小乙酸的抑制作用;高密度培养时,提高培养基的pH后,虽然仍有大量乙酸积累,但产物的表达水平和菌密度都有一定的提高     

白细胞介素-6在工程菌分批培养中的高效表达及其纯化

在确定了培养基及pH值的基础上,进一步观察了升温诱导过程中有机酸的产生及其对工程菌E.coli DH5α(pHV-hIL-6)生长和rIL-6表达的影响。当有机酸浓度低于70mmol/L以下时,菌密度达到干重2～3.5g/L之间收菌,rIL-6的表达水平为25％～32％;当有机酸浓度达到70mmol/L以上时,工程菌的生长不受影响,而rIL-6的表达明显受抑制。产生的有机酸以乙酸为主。收集菌体后,经过破菌,分离提纯的包涵体,其rIL-6的纯度可达到70％。用GuHCl缓冲液溶解包涵体,样品稀释后经过Q Sepharose F F柱纯化,可得到纯度达95％以上的rIL-6。采用依赖IL-6的小鼠杂交瘤细胞系7TD1及MTT比色法测定生物活性,rIL-6的比活性为2×10~8U/mg。     

乙酸积累对基因工程菌培养的影响及与培养基pH的关系

在rIL-2工程菌K_(802)(pLY—4)高密度培养中,发现培养液中有大量代谢副产物乙酸积累,乙酸的存在对工程菌的生长和产物的表达均有明显的抑制作用,这种抑制作用是制约工程菌高密度培养的重要因素。为了减小这种抑制作用,初步研究了培养基pH与乙酸抑制作用的关系,发现适当提高培养基pH值,能减小乙酸的抑制作用;高密度培养时,提高培养基的pH后,虽然仍有大量乙酸积累,但产物的表达水平和菌密度都有提高。     

利用重组大肠杆菌生产人生长激素发酵工艺的研究

在摇瓶培养和发酵罐培养条件下,研究了E.coli/BL21(DE3)/pET30a(+)-hGH工程菌的不同发酵工艺条件。确立了该工程菌的最优化工艺参数:M9-2培养基,37℃、pH值为6.8-7.4、诱导起始菌体密度为OD600达3.0-4.0,IPTG浓度为1mmol/L,诱导时溶氧控制为50%以上,补料为10%甘油、5%Yeast extract和5%Tryptone。该工艺条件经过连续三批发酵,证实稳定可行,目的蛋白在胞间质呈可溶性表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的20%以上。     

甲醇诱导模式对重组人白介素11发酵的影响

目的：建立一种在150L发酵罐中提高rhIL-11蛋白产出率的控制方法。方法：研究在毕赤酵母表达rhIL-11的发酵过程中,分别采用间歇法(甲醇浓度0．5%,每24h诱导一次)、分批补料法(甲醇补料速度在8h内从2．88ml/min提高至8．64ml/min)以及恒甲醇浓度法(利用甲醇浓度传感器检测并控制甲醇补料速度使甲醇浓度始终保持0．5%左右)的不同甲醇诱导模式,对工程菌生长及目的蛋白表达的影响。结果：采用间歇法的菌浓OD_(600)可达到80、rhIL-11表达浓度可达到0．1mg/ml;分批补料法的菌浓OD_(600)可达到240、rhIL-11表达浓度可达到1．0mg/ml;恒甲醇浓度法的菌浓OD_(600)可达到300、rkIL-11表达浓度可达到1．0mg/ ml。结论：rhIL-11蛋白产出率,恒甲醇浓度法(约0．12g/d·L)比间歇法(约0．01g/d·L)和分批补料法(约0．09g/d·L)都高,分别提高了12～13倍和30～40%。     

重组大肠杆菌产疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌脂肪酶分批补料发酵工艺

为了获得低成本的疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌脂肪酶(TLL),在5L发酵罐发酵中对工程菌E.coliBL21(DE3)/pET28b-TLL的分批补料发酵工艺进行研究。结果表明:以葡萄糖为碳源的补料培养基,采用溶氧(DO)反馈补料策略进行补料,当OD600=60时降温至28℃,分2次加入终质量浓度为30g/L乳糖进行诱导表达。优化后TLL的表达量提高到798.5U/L,是优化前的2.4倍。本研究为规模化发酵重组菌生产TLL奠定了基础。     

重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子基因工程菌的高密度培养

根据重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子基因工程菌的生长特点,对其高密度发酵工艺条件进行研究和改进,采用“平衡DO-State”控制策略进行分批补料培养中的葡萄糖流加,有效地控制了培养过程中代谢副产物-乙酸的产生及其对工程菌生长的抑制作用,使发酵终了时乙酸浓度由15．6g/L下降为2.6g/L,而菌体密度则由15．2gDCW/L提高到30．2gDCW/L。     

Augmentation of murine lymphokine (rIL-2)-activated killer cell activity by indomethacin

The effect of indomethacin on murine lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity was investigated using a natural killer-resistant, spontaneously developed, weakly immunogenic, and highly tumorigenic syngeneic murine mammary adenocarcinoma, mimicking that of human disease, as the target. When used in combination with human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), indomethacin was found to augment LAK cell activity, which was generated from culture of the normal mouse splenocytes with rIL-2, as compared to that with rIL-2 alone. This increase in LAK cell activity was shown to be indomethacin dose-dependent, and was demonstrated only when indomethacin was added to the rIL-2-containing medium at the beginning of culture. The enhancement of LAK cell activity by indomethacin was abrogated when the nylon-wool nonadherent "macrophage-poor" splenocytes were incubated with rIL-2 plus indomethacin. These results indicated that the rIL-2-induced LAK cell activity generated from murine splenocytes could be augmented by indomethacin, and the macrophages may be involved as the mediator.     

Effects of fermentation feeding strategies prior to induction of expression of a recombinant malaria antigen inEscherichia coli

Summary A variety of feeding strategies have been described for attaining high cell densities in fed-batch fermentors. Although cell density is an important component in the produtivity of recombinant fermentations, it must be achievable with high product expression levels. Experiments were conducted to study the influence of fermentation feeding strategies on the production of a recombinant malaria antigen inEscherichia coli. C-source feeding profiles were calculated to maintain specific growth rates at 0.1, 0.2, 0.35, and 0.5 l/h prior to induction in defined and complex media using an exponential growth model. Fed-batch fermentations employing these feeding profiles effectively controlled the specific growth rates prior to induction. Antigen yields per dry cell weight did not vary with specific growth rate. Antigen yields from fed-batch fermentations achieving high cell densities were similar to batch fermentations achieving low cell densities. These results show that C-feeding policies can limit growth without reducing expression levels in some systems, and suggest applications in managing oxygen demand and catabolic by-product formation during process scale-up.     

Fermentation kinetics of recombinant yeast in batch and fed-batch cultures

Fed-batch cultures of recombinant microorganisms have attracted attention as they can separate cell growth stage from cloned-gene expression phase during fermentations. In this work, the effect of different glucose feeding strategies on cell growth and cloned gene expression was studied during aerobic fed-batch fermentations of recombinant yeast, containing the plasmid pRB58. The plasmid contains the yeast SUC2 gene, which codes for the enzyme invertase. Some feeding policies resulted in a constant glucose concentration inside the fermentor, while others deliberately introduced a cyclic variation. The cell mass yield was found to be higher at low glucose concentrations, thus indicating a shift to the more energy-efficient respiratory pathway. The SUC2 gene expression was derepressed at glucose levels below 2 g/L. The response of specific invertase activity to changes in the medium glucose concentration was found to be almost immediate.     

High cell density culture of Yarrowia lipolytica using a one-step feeding process

Yarrowia lipolytica is a potentially useful host for heterologous protein production. To develop an efficient culture method for high cell density cultivation and heterologous gene expression of Y. lipolytica, the effects of medium components and their concentrations on the growth of Y. lipolytica have been investigated. Addition of yeast extract to the culture media was found to significantly reduce the long lag phase encountered when Y. lipolytica was cultivated in synthetic culture media containing high concentrations of glycerol. Therefore, by enriching with 0.3% yeast extract the synthetic culture medium containing 15% glycerol, we could cultivate Y. lipolytica up to 83 g/L dry cell weight in a batch culture. Furthermore, over 100 g/L and 88 units/mL of rice alpha-amylase activity were obtained in less than 50 h with a one-step feeding process in which a recombinant Y. lipolytica expressing rice alpha-amylase was cultivated in the 10% glycerol medium enriched with 0.3% yeast extract and fed only once with the concentrated feeding medium (60% glycerol). The easy cultivation of recombinant Y. lipolytica to a high cell density may strengthen its position as a host for heterologous protein production.     

High density culture of insect cells using rational medium design and feeding strategy

The objective of this study is to achieve high density cell culture by a rational medium design and feeding strategy. Insect cell/baculovirus expression system is one of the widely used methods for the production of heterologous proteins in the cell culture domain. Insect cell Spodoptera frugiperda Sf-21 and a recombinant baculovirus with encoded gene for human interleukin-5 were chosen as the model system in this study. A stoichiometric model was established to study the demand of nutrients, including glucose, 20 amino acids, and yeastolate, for the synthesis of cell mass. The coefficients for individual nutrients in the stoichiometric equation governing insect cell growth were determined from the information of cell mass and compositions. Based on the stoichiometric coefficients, the initial and supplemental media for fed-batch cell cultures were designed. The experiments began with the inoculation of Sf-21 cells into a spinner flask with the initial medium, which provided a starting environment for achieving optimum cell growth. This was followed by the periodic feeding of supplemental medium designed by utilizing the stoichiometric equation that governs insect cell growth. With this strategy, it was demonstrated that the Sf-21 cell culture reached a cell density in excess of 1.9᎒⁷ cells/ml. During the cultivation process, the utilization of various nutrients and the production of metabolites were also monitored. Further experiments proved that high concentration of recombinant product (such as human interleukin-5) could be achieved by infecting the high density cells (resulting from the designed medium) with recombinant baculoviruses.     

Interleukin-2- and mitogen-activated NK-like killer cells from highly purified human peripheral blood T cell (CD3+ N901-) cultures

In this study, highly purified (HP) CD3-positive N901-negative T lymphocytes could be induced to become natural killer (NK)-like in culture in the presence of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Thus, purified CD3+ N901- T cells from fresh human peripheral blood were obtained by negative selection using an indirect panning technique. To ensure that T lymphocyte fractions were completely devoid of any detectable NK cells, two additional purification procedures were employed: incubation of post-pan T cells with the NK-cytotoxic lysomotropic agent L-leucinemethylester, and complement-mediated lysis using the NK cell specific NKH1a monoclonal antibody. Purity of CD3+ N901- cells could be confirmed by surface marker analysis, whereby two NK-associated antigens, N901 and H-25, were undetectable, while 94 +/- 1% of cells expressed the CD3 (Leu-4) antigen. On functional analysis, fresh HP CD3+ N901- cells exhibited no cytotoxic activity against the standard NK target K562. When HP NK-depleted T lymphocytes were cultured for 7 days in the presence of rIL-2 (100 U/ml), neither surface antigen expression nor cytotoxic activity against K562 changed significantly. However, significant cytotoxicity against K562 [18 +/- 5% specific lysis at 25:1 effector:target (E/T) ratio] could be induced when HP CD3+ N901- cells were grown for 7 days in the presence of rIL-2 and PHA (0.5% v/v). Concomitantly, antigens N901 and H-25 were found to be coexpressed on a minor proportion (22 +/- 16 and 22 +/- 6%, respectively) of CD3+ (88 +/- 2% on day 7) cells. Four-week long-term culture of HP NK-depleted T cells in the presence of rIL-2 and PHA yielded a continuous increase in cytotoxicity against K562 cells (0 up to 46% specific lysis at 25:1 E/T ratio). Of particular interest was the emergence of cytotoxicity against the NK-resistant Daudi cell target (15 +/- 8% specific lysis at 25:1 E/T ratio on day 21). Expression of antigens N901 and H-25 as well as CD3 remained essentially unchanged in long-term culture. In sorting experiments, the H-25+ cell fraction was significantly enriched for cytotoxicity against K562, when compared to both H-25- and unseparated cell fractions. In summary, our results suggest that a proportion of HP CD3+ N901- T lymphocytes may give rise to cells that exhibit NK-like functional and phenotypic properties.