EB病毒特异性增强子CAT报告质粒构建策略

构建携带EB病毒特异性增强子oriP不同结构域的CAT报告质粒,以探讨EB病毒特异性增强子与EB病毒核抗原-1结合后的转录增强作用。聚合酶链反应扩增得到增强子oriP全序列,借助于pUC19质粒将其不同结构域克隆到pCAT3 Promoter(pCAT3／P)载体。扩增获得oriP全序列;构建得到携带EB病毒特异性增强子Orip不同结构域的CAT报告质粒pCAT3／P-oriP、pCAT3／P-FR、pCAT3／P-DS、pCAT3／P-(FR DS),质粒中目的基因的插入方向经鉴定正确。     

泛素与EB病毒核抗原1融合基因的DNA免疫研究

构建了EB病毒核抗原1(EBNA1)基因的表达质粒pCI-EBNA1和泛素(ubiquitin,Ub)与EBNA1融合基因的表达质粒pCI-Ub-EBNA1.间接免疫荧光和Western blot分析表明,两重组质粒转染HeLa细胞后均能瞬时表达.两种质粒DNA肌肉注射免疫Balb/C小鼠后,分别检测小鼠血清抗EBNA1的抗体和特异性的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应,比较单基因与融合基因DNA免疫所诱生免疫应答的强度.结果显示:二者诱生抗体的效率无明显差别,但泛素的融合使得针对EBNA1的特异性CTL反应明显增强.     

慢病毒载体与造血干细胞介导的基因治疗

慢病毒载体不仅能感染造血干细胞 (HSCs) ,使携带的目的基因整合至HSCs基因组内 ,且能利用病毒携带的调控元件 ,使目的基因随HSCs细胞特异性表达 ,因此是一种有效的感染HSCs和进行基因治疗的工具。主要对慢病毒载体基因组特点、改建过程、慢病毒对干细胞的感染能力、慢病毒携带的目的基因在HSCs内的表达及调控等方面做了简要的综述     

一种嵌合型调控元件在肿瘤靶向基因治疗中的应用

肿瘤靶向基因治疗成功的关键是调控治疗基因在肿瘤细胞中特异、高效地表达。首次构建一种嵌合型表达调控元件,旨在转录水平、转录后水平和翻译水平上实现联合调控目的基因在肿瘤细胞中特异性表达。体外实验表明,在前列腺癌细胞系LNCa P中,该调控元件可将报告基因增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)和荧光素酶(luciferase)的肿瘤表达特异性分别提高420%和480%。体外细胞存活实验表明,运用该元件调控单纯疱疹病毒-1胸腺激酶(HSV-1 TK)的表达能特异性杀伤LNCa P细胞,验证了该元件可成功用于治疗基因的肿瘤靶向表达。     

人胰岛素原基因B10位定点突变对增强胰外表达效率的实验研究

目的构建在肝细胞内增强表达成熟人胰岛素的生理调控性人胰岛素原基因重组质粒。方法利用PCR定点突变技术在B-C及C-A连接处已两点突变的人胰岛素原基因上进行B10位突变,并在其上游连接肝细胞特异的3倍体葡萄糖反映元件(GLRE3)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1启动子(IGFBP-1P)。经酶切后将含有调控元件的3点突变人胰岛素原基因(GLRE3-IGFBP-1P-3mINS)插入逆转录病毒载体(pLXSN),脂质体介导转染大鼠肝癌细胞CBRH7919后检测成熟胰岛素表达情况及与含有调控元件的2点突变人胰岛素原基因(GLRE3-IGFBP-1P-3mINS)表达体的表达差异。结果人胰岛素原基因的B10位组氨酸编码序列CAC突变为门冬氨酸编码序列GAC。构建了含调控元件的B10位门冬氨酸人胰岛素原基因逆转录病毒载体质粒(pLXSN-GLRE3-IGFBP-1P-3mINS),酶切、PCR及测序鉴定各段基因碱基序列及连接方向正确。pLXSN-GLRE3-IGFBP-1P-3mINS经脂质体包裹转染大鼠肝癌细胞,细胞外液含5.0、25.0mmol/L的葡萄糖浓度下胰岛素含量分别为5.03±0.72、43.90±2.30mU/L。未进行B10位突变的重组体转染组在同样葡萄糖浓度下胰岛素含量分别为<2.00、2.10±0.23mU/L。结论成功构建了含调控元件的B10位门冬氨酸人胰岛素原基因逆转录病毒载体重组质粒,该重组体已整合入鼠肝癌细胞基因组,其表达效率显著提高并受葡萄糖生理性调控。     

携带HSV-1TK基因的逆转录病毒载体构建及在HeLa细胞中的表达

目的:构建携带单纯疱疹病毒脱氧胸腺嘧啶激酶基因(herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase,HSV-TK)的逆转录病毒,用于宫颈癌的治疗研究。方法:用限制性内切酶从质粒pcDNA3.1/HA-myc-His(-)Z-TK切下HSV-1TK cDNA序列,亚克隆入逆转录病毒载体pLXSN得到重组质粒pLXSN-TK,鉴定正确的阳性重组质粒经PA317细胞包装,G418筛选,在NIH3T3细胞进行病毒滴度测定。然后用病毒感染人宫颈癌细胞HeLa。PCR、RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测HSV-1TK基因在HeLa中的整合和表达情况。结果:重组质粒pLXSN-TK经PA317细胞包装后收获病毒上清,感染HeLa细胞,检测发现HSV-1TK基因整合到细胞基因组DNA中,并且能有效的转录和翻译。结论:成功构建了逆转录病毒pLXSN-TK,该病毒能有效感染HeLa细胞,并使携带的治疗基因HSV-1TK在细胞中表达,为今后HSV-1TK基因治疗宫颈癌的研究奠定基础。     

重组腺病毒介导人野生型P53和B7-1基因在喉癌细胞中的高效转移和高水平表达

为开展肿瘤的复合基因治疗,构建以串联方式携带人野生型p53和B7-1基因的重组腺病毒穿梭质粒pXC53/B7-1。将pXC53/B7-1与腺病毒包装质粒GT4050共转染293细胞,通过细胞内同源重组获得重组腺病毒Ad-p53/B7-1。在293细胞中扩增病毒,并通过氯化铯密度梯度超速离心纯化病毒,获得高滴度稿纯度的病毒,分别经免疫组织化学分析和流式细胞分析检测Ad-p53/B7-1介导的人野生型p53和B7-1基因在喉癌细胞ep-2中的表达。结果表明Ad-p53/B7-1能够有效地将其所携带的目的基因导入Hehp-2细胞并使其在细胞中高效表达。     

目的基因表达调控研究进展

载体技术的发展使基因治疗中的安全性问题及外源基因的转移效率等技术难题已部分解决,越来越多的研究显示目的基因体内表达的可控性是决定基因治疗成功的关键,组织特异性启动子,诱导性调控元件,增强子,静息子及反式作用因子作用机制的阐明为改造,增强基因治疗载体表达特性,实现人类基因治疗目的基因表达的可控性,靶向性目标,为基因治疗真正进入临床奠定了基础。     

呼吸道黏蛋白5AC基因转录表达的顺式调控元件分析

目的：探讨呼吸道黏蛋白（mucin,MUC）5AC基因5'上游序列顺式调控元件在中性粒细胞弹力酶(neutrophil elastase , NE)诱导MUC5AC基因转录表达的调控机制。方法：应用DNA重组技术,构建含萤光素酶报告基因和MUC5AC启动子不同长度片段的嵌合质粒。采用定点突变技术,在嵌合质粒的基础上构建MUC5AC启动子区特殊蛋白（specificity protein）-1和核因子(nuclear factor, NF)-κB结合位点单独突变体,并测定NE刺激的转染细胞荧光素酶相对活性。结果：成功构建了4种含有不同长度MUC5AC基因启动子序列的荧光索酶报告基因质粒。含有启动子序列-1330bp、-689bp、-324bp的嵌合质粒荧光素酶相对光强度较对照组均显著增加,而含有启动子序列-64bp的嵌合质粒荧光素酶相对光强度与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。NE可诱导含有MUC5AC启动子区NF-кB结合位点单独突变体（pGL3E-MUC5AC-NF-кB-MU）荧光素酶相对光强度增加,而NE不能诱导Sp-l结合位点单独突变体（pGL3E-MUC5AC-SP-1-MU）荧光素酶表达增加。结论：MUC5AC 5'上游序列中-324～-64位点存在参与NE诱导MUC5AC基因表达的重要调控元件,位于此区域的顺式作用元件Sp-1位点在NE诱导MUC5AC基因表达机制中起重要作用,该位点可能作为靶向性基因治疗的关键调控元件。     

利用脊髓灰质炎病毒5'NCR和RNA聚合酶基因可提高外源基因表达

将含脊髓灰质炎病毒 (PV)RNA聚合酶的不同长度基因片段克隆到载体 pSG5质粒上 ,分别构建了 4个表达RNA聚合酶的质粒。体外转录实验证明 ,pSG5 POL1 99和 pSG5 POL2 0 3质粒转染细胞的提取物促进了特异的RNA转录 ,表明两质粒可表达RNA聚合酶。将PV的 5'NCR序列插在载体 pGREENLANTERN 1的CMV启动子下游 ,构建了 pGREENLANTERN 1 5'NCR质粒 ;用 LacZ基因替换GFP基因分别插入到PGREENLANTERN 1和pGREENLANTERN 1 5'NCR质粒上 ,构建成 pLacZLANTERN 1和 pLacZLANTERN 1 5'NCR质粒。表达RNA聚合酶的质粒与 pLacZ 5'NCR调控表达报告基因的质粒共转染 ,明显提高了报告基因的表达水平 ,表明PV的表达调控元件和RNA聚合酶基因可用于构建外源基因高效表达载体。     

Establishment of latent Epstein-Barr virus infection and stable episomal maintenance in murine B-cell lines

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a strict human pathogen for which no small animal models exist. Plasmids that contain the EBV plasmid origin of replication, oriP, and express EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) are stably maintained extrachromosomally in human cells, whereas these plasmids replicate poorly in rodent cells. However, the ability of oriP and EBNA1 to maintain the entire EBV episome in proliferating rodent cells has not been determined. Expression of the two human B-cell receptors for EBV on the surfaces of murine B cells allows efficient viral entry that leads to the establishment of latent EBV infection and long-term persistence of the viral genome. Latent gene expression in these cells resembles the latency II profile in that EBNA1 and LMP1 can be detected whereas EBNA2 and the EBNA3s are not expressed.     

Gene therapy of autoimmune diseases with vectors encoding regulatory cytokines or inflammatory cytokine inhibitors

Gene therapy offers advantages for the immunotherapeutic delivery of cytokines or their inhibitors. After gene transfer, these mediators are produced at relatively constant, non-toxic levels and sometimes in a tissue-specific manner, obviating limitations of protein administration. Therapy with viral or nonviral vectors is effective in several animal models of autoimmunity including Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), colitis, thyroiditis and various forms of arthritis. Genes encoding transforming growth factor beta, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 are most frequently protective. Autoimmune/ inflammatory diseases are associated with excessive production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interferon gamma (IFNgamma). Vectors encoding inhibitors of these cytokines, such as IL-1 receptor antagonist, soluble IL-1 receptors, IL-12p40, soluble TNFalpha receptors or IFNgamma-receptor/IgG-Fc fusion proteins are protective in models of either arthritis, Type 1 DM, SLE or EAE. We use intramuscular injection of naked plasmid DNA for cytokine or anticytokine therapy. Muscle tissue is accessible, expression is usually more persistent than elsewhere, transfection efficiency can be increased by low-voltage in vivo electroporation, vector administration is simple and the method is inexpensive. Plasmids do not induce neutralizing immunity allowing repeated administration, and are suitable for the treatment of chronic immunological diseases.     

Identification of EBNA1 amino acid sequences required for the interaction of the functional elements of the Epstein-Barr virus latent origin of DNA replication.

Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) activates DNA replication from the Epstein-Barr virus latent origin, oriP. This activation involves the direct interaction of EBNA1 dimers with multiple sites within the two noncontiguous functional elements of the origin, the family of repeats (FR) element and the dyad symmetry (DS) element. The efficient interaction of EBNA1 dimers bound to these two elements in oriP results in the formation of DNA loops in which the FR and DS elements are bound together through EBNA1. In order to elucidate the mechanism by which EBNA1 induces oriP DNA looping, we have investigated the DNA sequences and EBNA1 amino acids required for EBNA1-mediated DNA looping. Using a series of truncation mutants of EBNA1 produced in baculovirus and purified to apparent homogeneity, we have demonstrated that the EBNA1 DNA binding and dimerization domain is not sufficient to mediate oriP DNA looping and that an additional region(s) located between amino acids 346 and 450 is required. Single EBNA1-binding sites, separated by 930 bp of plasmid DNA, were also shown to support EBNA1-mediated looping, indicating that the formation of large EBNA1 complexes, such as those observed on oriP FR and DS elements, is not a requirement for looping.     

EBP2, a human protein that interacts with sequences of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 important for plasmid maintenance

The replication and stable maintenance of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA episomes in human cells requires only one viral protein, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1). To gain insight into the mechanisms by which EBNA1 functions, we used a yeast two-hybrid screen to detect human proteins that interact with EBNA1. We describe here the isolation of a protein, EBP2 (EBNA1 binding protein 2), that specifically interacts with EBNA1. EBP2 was also shown to bind to DNA-bound EBNA1 in a one-hybrid system, and the EBP2-EBNA1 interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation from insect cells expressing these two proteins. EBP2 is a 35-kDa protein that is conserved in a variety of organisms and is predicted to form coiled-coil interactions. We have mapped the region of EBNA1 that binds EBP2 and generated internal deletion mutants of EBNA1 that are deficient in EBP2 interactions. Functional analyses of these EBNA1 mutants show that the ability to bind EBP2 correlates with the ability of EBNA1 to support the long-term maintenance in human cells of a plasmid containing the EBV origin, oriP. An EBNA1 mutant lacking amino acids 325 to 376 was defective for EBP2 binding and long-term oriP plasmid maintenance but supported the transient replication of oriP plasmids at wild-type levels. Thus, our results suggest that the EBNA1-EBP2 interaction is important for the stable segregation of EBV episomes during cell division but not for the replication of the episomes.