大亚湾养殖鱼类寄生车轮虫的种类组成与季节动态

2017年8月至2018年7月对大亚湾8种养殖鱼类的车轮虫感染情况进行了调查,采用Lom倡导的"统一特定方法"及Van As&Basson提出的"齿体定位描述法"对采获的车轮虫标本进行了形态鉴定与描述。结果在卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)、星点笛鲷(Lutjanus stellatus)、鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus)、眼斑拟石首鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)和虎龙杂交斑[E. fuscoguttatus (♀)×E. lanceolatus (♂)]等5种鱼上共检获5种车轮虫:亚卓车轮虫(Trichodina jadranica)、莱普斯车轮虫(T. lepsii)、长须鳠车轮虫(T. guliae)、劳牧小车轮虫(Trichodinella lomi)和斜拟车轮虫(Paratrichodina oblique);其中卵形鲳鲹5种虫均有寄生,虎龙杂交斑感染了4种虫,星点笛鲷、眼斑拟石首鱼和鞍带石斑鱼分别感染了3种、2种和1种虫。周年感染数据表明:5种虫的感染率均以卵形鲳鲹最高,眼斑拟石首鱼上2种虫的感染率最低;莱普...     

寄生于重庆地区鲢、鳙及草鱼五种外寄生车轮虫的描述

对采自重庆地区寄生于鲢、鳙及草鱼鳃上的5种外寄生车轮虫进行了形态学及分类学研究,其分别隶属于：车轮虫属、小车轮虫属及三分虫属,其中包含1新种和中国2新纪录。即钝圆车轮虫Trichodina obtusiformis sp．nov．,急尖车轮虫T．acuta Lom,1961,显著车轮虫T．nobilis Chen,1963,周丛小车轮虫Trichodinella epizootica（Rabbe,1950）Sramek-Husek,1953和大型三分虫Tripartiella macrosoma Basson ＆ Van As,1987。文中对新种进行了详细的描述并提供了新种及已知种的附着盘银染标本之显微照片及齿体线条图。     

南中国海野生海水鱼类外寄生车轮虫新记录

研究对采自南中国海的7种海水鱼类进行了调查研究, 并分离获得4种隶属于车轮虫属的种类,分别为浦氏车轮虫Trichodina puytoraci Lom, 1962; 日本车轮虫Trichodina japonica Imai, et al., 1991; 直钩车轮虫Trichodina rectuncinata Raabe, 1958 与鲀车轮虫Trichodina fugu Imai, et al., 1997。研究发现鲀车轮虫Trichodina fugu Imai, et al., 1997为寄主鱼虫纹东方鲀Takifugu vermicularis的病原, 且能在野生条件下将其致死。上述4种车轮虫的形态分类学数据均基于干银法标本获得。研究是对我国南中国海车轮虫的首次报道。       

Phylogenetic Analyses of Trichodinids (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophora) Inferred from 18S rRNA Gene Sequence Data

Partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of the three trichodinids, namely Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970, Trichodina paraheterodentata Tang and Zhao 2012. and Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe 1950) ?rámek-Hu?ek, 1953, were acquired and used to construct phylogenetic trees. The results revealed that Trichodinella epizootica clustered with Trichodinella sp.; Trichodina paraheterodentata Tang and Zhao 2012 was sister to the clade composed of Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977 and Trichodina nobilis Chen, 1963; Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970 clustered with Trichodina reticulata Hirschman and Partsch, 1955. The branching order of species within the Mobilia clade was closely correlated with GC content. Furthermore, blade morphology was also found to be the primary morphological character in determining the phylogenetic relationships among members of the genus Trichodina. The present findings suggest that the genus Trichodina is paraphyletic when species of Trichodinella are included in the analyses.     

Trichodinid Protozoa (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) from Freshwater Fishes of Rybinsk Reservoir,USSR1

During the spring of 1981, trichodinid protozoa were collected from the gills or urinary bladder of the following species of fishes of Rybinsk Reservoir, USSR, located on the upper reaches of the Volga River system: Esox lucius, Rutilus rutilus, Leuciscus idus, Blicca bjoerkna, Abramis ballerus, Pelecus cultratus, Lota lota, and Perca fluviatilis. A total of 13 species of Trichodinidae was recovered from Rybinsk fishes, among which are three new species of the genus Trichodina: T. izyumovae n. sp. from the gills of L. idus, T. borokensis n. sp. from the gills of P. cultratus, and T. kupermani n. sp. from the gills of A. ballerus. Other species of trichodinids reported are T. modesta Lom, 1980; T. nigra Lom, 1969; T. pediculus (O. F. Müller, 1786); T. prowazeki Grupcheva & Lom, 1980; T. rostrata Kulemina, 1968; T. urinaria Dogiel, 1940; T. ophiocephalus Kostenko & Karaev, 1976; Paratrichodina incisa (Lom, 1959); Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe, 1950); and Tripartiella copiosa Lom, 1959. Photomicrographs and morphometric data are presented for each species and aspects of their host and geographic distribution discussed. Trichodina algonquinensis Li & Desser, 1983 is considered a synonym of T. urinaria Dogiel, 1940.     

Trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) from the gills of cultured marine fishes in China,with the description of Trichodinella lomi n. sp.

Three species of cultured percoids, each heavily infested by trichodinid ectoparasites, were examined from over-wintering pools in Qingdao, China during the winter of 1995. A total of five species of trichodinids belonging to three genera, Trichodinella Sramek-Husek, 1953, Dipartiella Shtein, 1961 and Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838 were recorded. One new species, Trichodinella lomi n. sp., is described, the denticle of which is characterised by its acutely triangular blade, comma-like central part and inconspicuous ray. The morphology of Trichodina murmanica Poljansky, 1955 was re-investigated. Three other little-known species are redescribed: Dipartiella simplex (Raabe, 1959) Shtein, 1961, Trichodina japonica Imai, Miyazaki & Nomura, 1991 and T. domerguei (Wallengren, 1897).     

Component communities of parasites and interaction of the parasitic faunas of noncommercial fishes in the Kacha River (Yenisei Basin)

The work is the first to determine the structure of the communities of parasites of the noncommercial fish species in the Kacha River (Yenisei tributary). The studied communities are formed primarily with the generalist species (68%) with an insignificant share (16%) of the specialist species. Only one species (Trichodinella epizootica Raabe, 1950) with the occurrence >70% is attributed to the primary occurring species, and three, to the secondary (Paratrichodina incisa, Lom, 1959, Diplostomum phoxini Faust, 1918, Rhabdochona denudata (Dujardin, 1945)). All remaining species (46) are additional. The characteristic feature of the parasitic fauna of the fishes in Kacha is the extremely low Jaccard similarity coefficients, which indicates the peculiarity of the ecological niches of the studied hosts.     

重庆地区眉溪小车轮虫及其与近缘种的比较

通过活体显微观察和银染法, 文章对采自重庆地区不同宿主的眉溪小车轮虫Trichodinella myakkae (Mueller, 1937) ?rámek-Hu?ek, 1953的3个株系进行了详细的形态学描述, 并与近缘种周丛小车轮虫Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe, 1950) ?rámek-Hu?ek, 1953和纤细小车轮虫Trichodinella subtili (Lom, 1959) Lom & Haldar, 1977进行了比较。结果显示: 眉溪小车轮虫各株系在形态上无明显差异, 但与周丛小车轮虫及纤细小车轮虫有明显差异。基于所获眉溪小车轮虫的分子数据, 详细分析了眉溪小车轮虫的分子特征, 研究了眉溪小车轮虫种内分化, 结果显示: 眉溪小车轮虫各株系的18S rDNA序列相似度为99.2%—100%, 遗传距离为0.000—0.003, T. myakkae (HM)与T. myakkae (AN)的18S rDNA几乎一致, 但T. myakkae (PP)与T. myakkae (HM和AN)的18S rDNA存在7个变异位点, 且在18S rRNA 四个高变区 (V3、V4、V5和V7) 均具有一致的二级结构构型, 表明三株系的18S rDNA相似度和遗传变异属于种内水平, 但T. myakkae (PP)与T. myakkae (HM和AN)则显示出分子分化。系统发育分析显示: 眉溪小车轮虫与周丛小车轮虫相互独立, 眉溪小车轮虫各株系与其宿主鱼一致的系统发育关系显示出两者具有协同进化的趋势。     

Trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) of some River Nile fish, Egypt

Four species of trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) were collected from the gills of the following River Nile fish in Egypt: Hydrocynus forskalii, Mormyrus kannume, Schilbe mystus. These species are: Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977, Trichodina fahaka sp. n., Trichodinella epizootica Raabe, 1950, Tripartiella dactylodentata sp. n. Photomicrographs and morphometric data are presented for each species.     

An SEM study of adhesive disc skeletal structures isolated from trichodinids (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) of the genera Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838 and Paratrichodina Lom, 1963

Specimens of Trichodina domerguei Wallengren, 1897, T. intermedia (Lom, 1961) and Paratrichodina incissa (Lom, 1959) were sonicated to liberate skeletal components of the adhesive disc. This enabled SEM observation of the taxonomically important structures obscured in preparations of complete cells. A previously undescribed peg-like structure on the centrifugal surface of the central part of the denticles is revealed in T. domerguei. In P. incissa the ray apophysis and its supporting apophysis appear to be absent, providing an additional characteristic to discriminate it from species of the genus Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838. From silver stained and SEM preparations of T. intermedia and P. incissa important differences in denticle blade form are apparent, underlining the value of observation of isolated skeletal structures by electron microscopy.     

Observations on trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritricha) from the gills of maricultured molluscs in China, with descriptions of three new species of Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838

During surveys of the trichodinid parasites in mariculture beds off the coast of Shandong Province, China, four species of the genus Trichodina from the gills of marine molluscs were investigated and morphologically studied. Of these, three are described as new: T. ruditapicis n. sp. from Ruditapes philippinarum (Veneridae), T. scapharcae n. sp. from Scapharca subcrenata (Arcidae) and T. mactrae n. sp. from Mactra veneriformis (Mactridae). One little-known species, T. macomarum Raabe & Raabe, 1959, is redescribed from M. veneriformis. Taxonomic and morphometric data for these trichodinids based on wet silver nitrate and protargol-impregnated specimens are presented. For each of the new species, comparisons with closely related species are provided.     

矩形车轮虫的再描述

目的:我们对泸州市鲇类寄生车轮虫进行调查,对于已经发现,但由于原来的技术水限制需要重新描述的,或缺少资料的车轮虫,给予重新描述或补充新的资料。方法:用国际间统一的干银法染色以显示车轮虫的附着盘结构和口围绕度,用Lom(1958)倡导的"统一的特定方法"(Uniform specifi characteristic system)进行测量,用Van&Bassion(1989)提供的方法描述车轮虫的齿体。结果:对寄生在泸州地区养殖鱼类斑点叉尾鮰(Ietalurus punetaus)的鳃上的车轮虫进行了描述,该车轮虫是矩形车轮虫(Trichodina rectangli)。结论:矩形车轮虫是陈启鎏和谢杏人1964年在青鱼、草鱼等鱼身体上发现的,但是没有显微照片。国际上有许多它的同种异名的车轮虫的描述,这些文献也只有附着盘的显微照片。斑点叉尾鮰是矩形车轮虫的新寄主记录。本研究用国际统一的方法对矩形车轮虫进行描述,并绘出了矩形车轮虫的齿体定位图,提供了完整的统计数据,以及完整的显微照片,即附着盘、口围绕度和细胞核显微照片。     

Reevaluation of the phylogenetic relationship between mobilid and sessilid peritrichs (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) based on small subunit rRNA genes sequences

Based on morphological characters, peritrich ciliates (Class Olygohymenophorea, Subclass Peritrichia) have been subdivided into the Orders Sessilida and Mobilida. Molecular phylogenetic studies on peritrichs have been restricted to members of the Order Sessilida. In order to shed more light into the evolutionary relationships within peritrichs, the complete small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) sequences of four mobilid species, Trichodina nobilis, Trichodina heterodentata, Trichodina reticulata, and Trichodinella myakkae were used to construct phylogenetic trees using maximum parsimony, neighbor joining, and Bayesian analyses. Whatever phylogenetic method used, the peritrichs did not constitute a monophyletic group: mobilid and sessilid species did not cluster together. Similarity in morphology but difference in molecular data led us to suggest that the oral structures of peritrichs are the result of evolutionary convergence. In addition, Trichodina reticulata, a Trichodina species with granules in the center of the adhesive disc, branched separately from its congeners, Trichodina nobilis and Trichodina heterodentata, trichodinids without such granules. This indicates that granules in the adhesive disc might be a phylogenetic character of high importance within the Family Trichodinidae.     

矩形车轮虫的再描述

目的：我们对泸州市鲇类寄生车轮虫进行调查,对于已经发现,但由于原来的技术水限制需要重新描述的,或缺少资料的车轮虫,给予重新描述或补充新的资料。方法：用国际间统一的千银法染色以显示车轮虫的附着盘结构和口围绕度,用Lom（1958）倡导的”统一的特定方法”（Uniform specific characteristic system）进行测量,用Van＆Bassion（1989）提供的方法描述车轮虫的齿体。结果：对寄生在泸州地区养殖鱼类斑点叉尾鲴（Ietalums punetaus）的鳃上的车轮虫进行了描述,该车轮虫是矩形车轮虫（ Trichodina rectangli）。结论：矩形车轮虫是陈启鎏和谢杏人1964年在青鱼、草鱼等鱼身体上发现的,但是没有显微照片。国际上有许多它的同种异名的车轮虫的描述,这些文献也只有附着盘的显微照片。斑点叉尾鲡是矩形车轮虫的新寄主记录。本研究用国际统一的方法对矩形车轮虫进行描述,并绘出了矩形车轮虫的齿体定位图,提供了完整的统计数据,以及完整的显微照片,即附着盘、口围绕度和细胞核显微照片。     

Trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritricha) from Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor) and Anodonta woodiana (Lea) in China, with descriptions of two new species of Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838

During parasitological surveys in Chongqing, China, three trichodinids infecting a freshwater fish, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor), and a mollusc, Anodonta woodiana (Lea), were investigated. Two of these species were found to be new. Trichodina lechriodentata n. sp., from the fish, was identified by its small-sized body and irregularly rectangular blade, while T. rara n. sp., from the mollusc, is characterised by its overall dimensions, denticle morphology and the presence of a white speckle in some specimens. T. modesta Lom, 1979 is also described from the fish. Photomicrographs and morphometric data are presented for all of the species.     

Morphological and molecular characterization of two Trichodina (Ciliophora,Peritrichia) species from freshwater fishes in China

In the present study, we provide morphological and molecular characterization of two Trichodina species, T. acuta Lom, 1970 and T. funduli Wellborn, 1967, isolated from koi (Cyprinus carpio) and loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus), respectively. Morphological characters of the two Trichodina species were mainly investigated on the basis of dry silver nitrate-impregnated specimens. Both species are medium-sized and possess well-developed denticles comprising strongly sickle-shaped blades, well-developed central parts, and straight rays. Trichodina acuta can be easily distinguished from the other Trichodina species that possess a clear central circle by the well-developed sharp blade apophysis, and the gap between ray tip and central circle. Trichodina funduli is a poorly known species that is easily confused with T. heterodentata Duncan, 1977, however the latter species has thinner denticles. The small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences of Trichodina acuta and T. funduli were incorporated into phylogenetic analyses. Our findings suggest that the phylogenetic lineage of trichodinids might not correspond with their living environments, host species or even some morphological characteristics.     

Trichodinid (Ciliophora; Peritricha) gill parasites of freshwater fish in South Africa

Summary Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe, 1950) and seven new species of trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritricha) were identified from both wild and pond fishes collected during an extensive survey of fish ponds, rivers and lakes in the Transvaal, South Africa. The new species are Tripartiella clavodonta n. sp., T. lechridens n. sp., T. leptospina, n. sp., T. macrosoma n. sp., T. nana n. sp., T. orthodens n. sp. and Trichodinella crennulata n. sp.