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1.
Anther culture responsiveness of three H. spontaneum derived spring barley lines, RS170-47(A), RS20-1(B) and 1B-152B(C) was investigated using only one type of culture medium and treatment. The line 1B-152B was identified as highly responsive producing 22.4 total and 12.4 green regenerants per 100 anthers plated. 74% of these green regenerants were spontaneous double haploids. A genetic analysis involving F1 and F2 plants derived from crosses A × B and B × C revealed that the factor(s) determining high anther culture responsiveness in line 1B-152B was heritable and behaved as dominant in the F1. There was an indication that genotypic responsiveness in anther culture for green plant regeneration was different from total or albino plant regeneration. 相似文献
2.
A number of methods have been published for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) anther culture and have gained acceptance in different laboratories. The breeder's requirement is for a compromise method that gives good, repeatable results for a wide range of genotypes. Yet the routine production of spontaneously doubled haploid green regenerants remains difficult. Despite attempts to formulate a widely-applicable anther culture method, the 4 main published methods, compared here with one modified procedure, are quite distinct for a number of important characteristics. The methods interacted strongly with the 3 genotypes, and response ranged from zero to 28 green regenerants per 100 anthers plated. The current methods still require often substantial modification to suit local situations in order that the technology may be exploited by barley breeders.Abbreviations BAP
benzylaminopurine
- DH
doubled haploid
- FV
final volume
- IAA
indoleacetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- MS
Murashige & Skoog
- PABA
para-aminobenzoic acid 相似文献
3.
Different pretreatments were given to anthers of barley before culturing, and their effects assessed on the frequency of embryos
and green doubled haploid plants produced. Mannitol pretreatment was better than cold pretreatment for some low responding
cultivars. Optimal concentration of mannitol for pretreatment depended on cultivar. Low responding genotypes needed a higher
concentration of mannitol than responsive ones. The addition of Ficoll to liquid medium increased the number of embryos and
green plants. The influence of the growth regulators 2,4-D and TIBA was assayed using ten cultivars of barley grown in Spain.
The anti-auxin TIBA gave good embryo production with some of the low responding cultivars. Two row-type cultivars always produced
higher number of embryos and green plantlets than six row-type. The application of these modifications to 10 F1 hybrids with potential agronomic value, allowed the production of almost 1000 doubled haploid plants from only 3500 anthers.
Up to two doubled haploid plants per flower were produced from the cross Monlon × Sonja.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
B. Foroughi-Wehr W. Friedt 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1984,67(4):377-382
Summary In a winter barley breeding program for barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) resistance, the resistant six-rowed cv. Franka was crossed to 17 susceptible and two resistant cultivars, three of which were tworowed. A total of 233,445 anthers of the 19 hybrids and their parents were cultured and 831 green plants regenerated. Anther culture responsiveness varied greatly between genotypes, and the responsiveness of F1hybrids was generally related to that of the more responsive (high) parent. On average, 3.6 green plants were recovered from 1,000 cultured anthers, almost twice as many as in comparable spring barley experiments. Androgenetic green plants were tested for their reaction to mechanical inoculation of BaYMV. In crosses of resistant parents, all the cross progeny proved to be resistant, which indicates that both parents carry identical gene(s). In the crosses of the resistant cv. Franka to susceptible parents, an average of 62% of the androgenetic progenies were resistant, which indicates that probably more than one gene is responsible for Franka's BaYMV-resistance. From the crosses of Franka to two-rowed cultivars, 282 androgenetic plants were produced. When 132 of these were tested for their reaction to BaYMV, 79 (59.8%) were resistant, and 30 of the latter were shown to be two-rowed recombinant lines. Doubled haploid lines are field-tested for other agronomic characters including grain yield and its components. 相似文献
5.
A comparison of barley isolated microspore and anther culture and the influence of cell culture density 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Comparisons were made between the efficiency of barley plant regeneration from anther culture (AC) and isolated microspore
culture (IMC) for the European winter cultivar `Igri' and the spring F1 Australian breeder's hybrid Amagi Nijo×WI2585. In both cases, IMC produced a higher number of green regenerant plantlets
per anther than AC. For `Igri' there was a 100- to 200-fold improvement and for Amagi Nijo×WI2585 there was a five- to ninefold
improvement of IMC over AC. To improve the consistency and reliability of the IMC method, we investigated several parameters,
including maltose concentration, subculture protocol, microspore plating density and colony plating density. Subculturing
during the liquid culture phase produced no significant improvement in the number of microspores developing into colonies.
The optimal concentration of maltose in the liquid induction medium was found to be 90 g l–1. Both microspore plating density and colony plating density were found to influence plant regeneration. Microspores produced
the highest numbers of colonies when plated at densities greater than 5×104 ml–1, and colonies produced optimal numbers of green plantlets when plated at 12.5–25 colonies/cm2.
Received: 23 March 1997 / Revision received: 29 May 1997 / Accepted: 25 June 1997 相似文献
6.
Graduated concentrations of chemomutagens ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS), N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) and N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (ENU) and one concentration of sodium azide (NaN3) were used to treat seeds of spring barley cultivars Heris, Tolar, Granát and Novum. Androgenesis in vitro was induced in mutagenised plant populations. The significant stimulation effect of mutagenic treatment on the mean number
of androgenic anthers from all 36 treated variants was registered in 17 variants, on the mean number of regenerated plants
in 15 variants and on the mean number of regenerated plants per androgenic anthers in seven variants only. Genotypes with
a lower androgenic response were relatively more stimulated. Evaluation was made of the frequency of chlorophyll mutations
within androgenic regenerants and in seed progeny of androgenic donors. Androgenesis was also induced in vital chlorophyll
mutants and in the variants where the mutagen treatment resulted in less than 50% survival of the donor plants. Ratios between
frequency of haploids and spontaneous dihaploids were similar in green and in albino androgenic plants. The results confirm
that in barley it is possible to enhance the frequency of in vitro pollen embryogenesis by mutagenic treatment of seeds. 相似文献
7.
To improve plant regeneration from oat (Avena sativa L.) anther culture, the effects of induction medium supplements and culture conditions were studied. Significantly better plant regeneration rates were obtained with cultivars Lisbeth (naked type) and Aslak when a medium containing W14 salts and vitamins, supplemented with 2,4-d, BAP, Ethephon, l-cysteine and myo-inositol, was used for induction in the dark compared with a medium containing only 2,4-d and kinetin. Genotypes reacted differently on the light during the induction phase. Use of dim light significantly decreased the green plant regeneration rates in cv. Lisbeth, while in cv. Aslak the difference was not so clear. Up to 30 green plants per 100 anthers were recovered from Aslak × Lisbeth progeny and in total, over 500 oat regenerants were produced. With these numbers, acceptable rates of DH-production for cultivar breeding and genetic study purposes are approached. The agronomic performance of some DH lines was compared with that of the plants derived from commercial seeds of the same cultivars in the field experiment. A few differences were found, but generally DH lines yielded the same or more as the commercial cultivars. 相似文献
8.
Improved plant regeneration from wheat anther and barley microspore culture using phenylacetic acid (PAA) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Summary The effect of the auxin phenylacetic acid (PAA) on wheat anther and on barley anther/microspore culture was investigated. With PAA the induction response was not usually significantly different from controls but a significantly higher number of green plants were produced in wheat anther and barley microspore culture. For wheat anther culture 100 mg/L PAA was beneficial. For barley microspore culture the optimum levels were from 1 to 100 mg/L, depending on genotype. In barley anther culture there were no improvements using PAA. In wheat anther culture, 145 green plants/100 anthers were obtained with cultivar VeeryS, while the average response from twelve F1 hybrids in the breeding program was 332 green plants/100 anthers. At least 1000 green plants were obtained using isolated microspores from 100 anthers in barley cv. Igri. With cv. Bruce, regeneration occurred only when 100 mg/L PAA was used. The influence of PAA appears at the embryogenic phase of the culture system. The possible mechanisms by which PAA may improve regeneration are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Using two varieties, their reciprocal hybrids, F8 lines and doubled haploids, results confirmed that three genetic components are involved in wheat anther culture ability, viz embryo induction frequency, regeneration ability and the frequency of albinism. In these experiments, no significant maternal effects were noticed. For embryo yields, transgressive lines were obtained from hybrids between distant genotypes. Regeneration of green plants depended upon two independent traits: regeneration ability and the frequency of albinos. F8 lines and two doubled haploids equaled the 50% regeneration rate of the hybrids, but they only regenerated green plants. Based upon cytological examination and gliadin patterns, it is suggested that genes favoring regeneration ability could be linked to the 1BL-1RS translocated chromosome from Aurora.Abbreviations DH
doubled haploids
- MS
Murashige and Skoog
- MPG
multicellular pollen grains 相似文献
10.
L. A. Pershina N. V. Trubacheeva T. S. Rakovtseva L. I. Belova E. P. Devyatkina L. A. Kravtsova 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2006,42(12):1422-1427
We studied some features of the development of self-fertile 42-chromosome lines on the base of self-pollination progeny of 46-chromosome plants obtained by backcrossing of barley-wheat hybrids Hordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum Hudson (= H. geniculatum All.) (2n = 28) × Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 42). The stabilization of karyotypes, resulting in 42-chromosome plants of the wheat type was generally completed by generation BC1F10. The plants of all self-pollination progenies, including BC1F10, showed some phenotypic traits characteristic of wild barley. Plants of BC1F10 with the chromosome sets 2n = 42 and 2n = 42 + t were analyzed by RAPD with a set of 115 primers. Fragments of the wild barley genome were detected in RAPD patterns with 19 primers. Cross-hybridization confirmed that these fragments belonged to the wild barley genome. We raised four phenotypically different 42-chromosome lines from grains obtained from plants of generation BC1F10, and these lines proved to be cytogenetically stable and self-fertile when grown in the field. 相似文献
11.
Trejo-Tapia Gabriela Maldonado Amaya Uriel Salcedo Morales Guadalupe De Jesús Sánchez Antonia Martínez Bonfil Blanca Rodríguez-Monroy Mario Jiménez-Aparicio Antonio 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2002,71(1):41-46
The effects of a cold pretreatment, the concentration of different auxins (2,4-D, NAA and IAA) and the type of carbon source (maltose and sucrose) on the induction of callus from anthers of three parental lines and four rice F1 hybrids (Japonica × Indica, Indica × Japonica) were studied. The results indicated that a cold pretreatment was essential for the induction of callus from anthers of the parental lines and the F1 hybrids. These effects were genotype dependent. Auxins were essential for the induction of callus, and the type and concentration of auxins also influenced this process, as well as the type of carbon source. The greatest induction of callus was by the hybrid Morelos A92 × Koshihikari after a cold pretreatment of 8 days using 10.74 M –napthaleneacetic acid and 30 g l–1 maltose. 相似文献
12.
O. M. Numerova L. A. Pershina E. A. Salina V. K. Shumny 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2004,40(9):1007-1011
Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) has been used to study characteristics of the formation of alloplasmic lines detected among self-pollinated backcrossed progeny (BC1F5–BC1F8) of barley–wheat amphiploids [Hordeum geniculatum All. (2n = 28) × Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 42)] (2n = 70). The chromosome material of the wild barley H. geniculatum has been shown to contribute to these lines. For example, fifth-generation plants (BC1F5) had genotypes (2n= 42w + 2g), (2n = 42w + 1g + 1tg), and (2n = 41w + 1g), where w is common wheat chromosomes, g is barley (H. geniculatum) chromosomes, and tg is the telocentric chromosome of wild barley. Beginning from theBC1F6 generation, alloplasmic telocentric addition lines (2n= 42 + 2tg) and (2n = 42 + 1tg) appear. This lines has been found cytogenetically unstable. The progeny of each of these cytological types include not only the (2n= 42 + 2tg) and (2n = 42 + 1tg) addition plants, but also plants with the monosomic (2n = 41 + 1tg) and the disomic (2n = 40 + 2tg) substitutions, as well as the (2n = 41 + 2tg) plants, which lack one wheat chromosome and have two telocentric barley chromosomes. It has been demonstrated that the selection for well-filled grains favors the segregation of telocentric addition lines (2n = 42 + 2tg) and (2n = 42 + 1tg). 相似文献
13.
H.-G. Opsahl-Ferstad νA. Bj?rnstad O. A. Rognli 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,89(1):133-138
In a study of androgenesis in 90 Norwegian genotypes of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), heritabilities ranged from h
b
2
=0.46 to 0.80. Very high or completely positive genotypic correlations were found between most characters of androgenetic response (e.g. embryo-like structures per 100 anthers, plants per 100 embryo-like structures, albino plants per 100 anthers, green plants per 100 anthers). Three genotypes, 2 Norwegian (7-5 and 9-5) and 1 Danish (245), which had significantly different androgenetic responses were selected to study the genetic control of the processes. Genotypes 7-5 and 9-5 were highly embryogenie, 7–5 and 245 were relatively high producers of green plants, while 9-5 was unable to produce green plants. The six possible reciprocal crosses between these three genotypes were made, and 10 or 11 F1 plants from each cross were used for anther culture experiments. The cross 7-5 x 245 showed average superiority over both parents for total plant regeneration and green plant production, results not previously reported. The phenotypic correlations estimated among progenies from the crosses ranged from r=-0.99*** to 0.81***. These considerable changes, relative to the results of the screening experiment, are most likely the result of changed allele frequencies caused by the strong selection of parents in these crosses, and a relatively simple genetical control. This is also inferred from the large transgressive segregation observed.Abbreviations
ANT
anthers
-
ELS
embryo-like structures
-
ALB
albino plants
-
GRP
green plants
- DH
doubled haploid plants 相似文献
14.
Rakoczy-Trojanowska Monika Śmiech Mieczyslaw Malepszy Stefan 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,48(1):15-21
Anthers of three rye inbred lines - L9, L318, Dw28, one synthetic hybrid - F1(5) and one variety, Dakowskie Zote (DZ), were cultured on two media based on N6, and two based on P2 components. The induction rate significantly depended on genotype - the best results were obtained for line L318 and the lowest percentage of responding anthers was noticed in line L9. There was no universal medium for all tested genotypes. The highest induction rate (IR) for lines L318, L9 and hybrid F1(5) was obtained on medium CI (11.94, 0.71 and 1.75 respectively). For DZ, the P2I medium was better than the others while for Dw28 CIP turned to be as suitable as CI. A highly significant interaction between genotype and medium was proved. Single anthers of DZ, L318 and L9 produced embryos on CI, CIP and P2I media. They did not develop into plants but after transferring them to CS1.7 medium, a secondary, embryogenic callus was obtained. Such a reaction has not been described in rye until now. In spite of a relatively high IR, plant regeneration was rather poor. An elaboration of this step in haploid production is needed. Most of the analyzed calluses and microspore derived regenerants proved to be haploids, according to flow cytometry analysis. Plants treated with colchicine were doubled haploids. 相似文献
15.
Kai H Takata K Tsukazaki M Furusho M Baba T 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2012,124(3):577-583
PK23-2, a line of six-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) originating from Pakistan, has resistance to Japanese strains I and III of the barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV). To
identify the source of resistance in this line, reciprocal crosses were made between the susceptible cultivar Daisen-gold
and PK23-2. Genetic analyses in the F1 generation, F2 generation, and a doubled haploid population (DH45) derived from the F1 revealed that PK23-2 harbors one dominant and one recessive resistance genes. A linkage map was constructed using 61 lines
of DH45 and 127 DNA markers; this map covered 1268.8 cM in 10 linkage groups. One QTL having a LOD score of 4.07 and explaining
26.8% of the phenotypic variance explained (PVE) for resistance to BaYMV was detected at DNA marker ABG070 on chromosome 3H.
Another QTL having a LOD score of 3.53 and PVE of 27.2% was located at marker Bmag0490 on chromosome 4H. The resistance gene
on chromosome 3H, here named Rym17, showed dominant inheritance, whereas the gene on chromosome 4H, here named rym18, showed recessive inheritance in F1 populations derived from crosses between several resistant lines of DH45 and Daisen-gold. The BaYMV recessive resistance
genes rym1, rym3, and rym5, found in Japanese barley germplasm, were not allelic to rym18. These results revealed that PK23-2 harbors two previously unidentified resistance genes, Rym17 on 3H and rym18 on 4H; Rym17 is the first dominant BaYMV resistance gene to be identified in primary gene pool. These new genes, particularly dominant
Rym17, represent a potentially valuable genetic resource against BaYMV disease. 相似文献
16.
F. Q. Chen P. M. Hayes 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1989,77(5):701-704
Summary A high efficiency of Hordeum bulbosum-mediated haploid production in barley has been achieved using a floret culture technique in which florets pollinated with Hordeum bulbosum are cultured on modified N6 media containing 0.5 mg/l kinetin and 1.2 mg/l2,4-D. Cultures were maintained at 25 °C with a 16 h photoperiod for 9 days before embryo rescue. In a comparison of haploid production efficiency using five F1 hybrids from winter x winter and winter x spring barley crosses, 41.6 haploid plants/100 florets pollinated were produced using floret culture. Using detached tiller culture, 13.5 haploid plants/100 florets pollinated were produced. Higher efficiencies achieved with floret culture are attributed to the formation of larger, differentiated embryos. Such embryos lead to higher frequencies of plant regeneration. The F1 from a winter x winter cross was inferior in haploid production compared to F1s from winter x spring crosses. No genotype x technique interaction was observed.Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper No. 8653 相似文献
17.
The objective of this study was to produce durum wheat doubled haploid (DH) plants through the induction of microspore embryogenesis.
The microspore culture technique was improved to maximize production of green plants per spike using three commercial cultivars.
Studies on factors such as induction media composition, induction media support and the stage and growth of donor plants were
carried out in order to develop an efficient protocol to regenerate green and fertile DH plants. Microspores were plated on
a C17 induction culture medium with ovary co-culture and a supplement of glutathione plus glutamine; 300 g/l Ficoll Type-400 was
incorporated to the induction medium support. Donor plants were fertilized with a combination of macro and microelements.
With the cultivars ‘Ciccio’ and ‘Claudio’ an average of 36.5 and 148.5 fertile plants were produced, respectively, from 1,000
anthers inoculated. This technique was then used to produce fertile DH plants of potential agronomic interest from a collection
of ten F1 crosses involving cultivars of high breeding value. From these crosses 849 green plants were obtained and seed was harvested
from 702 plants indicating that 83% of green plants were fertile and therefore were spontaneously DHs. No aneuploid plant
was obtained. The 702 plants yielded enough seeds to be field tested. One of the DH lines obtained by microspore embryogenesis,
named ‘Lanuza’, has been sent to the Spanish Plant Variety Office for Registration by the Batlle Seed Company. This protocol
can be used instead of the labor-intensive inter-generic crossing with maize as an economically feasible method to obtain
DHs for most crosses involving the durum wheat cultivars grown in Spain. 相似文献
18.
The backcross progenies of the barley–wheat hybrids Hordeum vulgare L. (2n = 14) × Triticum aestivum L. (2n= 42) and two alloplasmic lines derived from them were studied using microsatellite markers of barley and wheat. The F1 hybrids and first backcross plants BC1 contained the genetic material of both cultivated barley and the cultivars of common wheat involved in developing of these hybrid genotypes. The genomes of BC3, BC4, and alloplasmic lines contained no microsatellite markers of the cultivated barley, whereas chromosomes of each homeologous group of common wheat were identified. In chromosomes of backcross progenies BC3, BC4, and alloplasmic lines yielded by backcrosses of hybrids and various common wheat cultivars, microsatellite markers of the parental wheat cultivars were shown to undergo recombination. 相似文献
19.
Summary Plants derived from anther culture are theoretically haploid, but diploid plants are also known to arise. Anther culture-derived
diploid plants are usually homozygous and are believed to be due to spontaneous doubling of chromosomes in either microsporocytes
or callus cells during the culture process. However, heterozygous diploid regenerants may also arise from a) regeneration
from cultured somatic cells, b) mutation occurring during or after a spontaneous doubling event, c) fusion of unlike haploid
cells in chimeric callus, and d) regeneration from diploid microsporocytes resulting from aberrant meioses. This study was
designed to elucidate the frequency and origin of diploid regenerants from rice anther culture. Regenerants were obtained
from 11 F1 genotypes. Progeny testing detected heterozygosity in 7 out of 211 regenerants. Each of the heterozygous regenerants were
from ‘Calrose 76’/waxy ‘M-101’, Half of the diploid regenerants from this cross were heterozygous. No heterozygous regenerants
arose from the other 10 F1 genotypes. Progeny testing indicated that two of the heterozygous regenerants were as heterozygous as the F1 plants for three parental characters. The other five regenerants exhibited decreased levels of heterozygosity. One of the
heterozygous regenerants exhibited evidence of mutation for a non-parental character. However, mutation is an unlikely cause
of the observed high levels of parental-type heterozygosity. No evidence for the occurrence of chimeric callus was detected,
making this an unlikely cause as well. The most likely origin of the observed partial heterozygosity is regeneration from
diploid microspores, which could also produce plants exhibiting complete parental-type heterozygosity. 相似文献
20.
The aim of the presented work was to study whether the efficiency of photosynthesis may influence resistance of hardened plants
to disease. Seedlings of spring barley, meadow fescue and winter oilseed rape were chilled at 5 °C for 2, 4 or 6 weeks and
at these deadlines the changes in cell membrane permeability (expressed as electrolyte leakage), chlorophyll fluorescence
(initial fluorescence - F0, maximal fluorescence - Fm, quantum yield of PSII - Fv/Fm) and net photosynthesis rate (FN) were measured. Also, the influence of cold on the degree of plant resistance to economically important pathogens -Bipolaris sorokiniana or Phoma lingam was estimated. Two, four or six week-hardened plants were artificially infected: barley and fescue by B. sorokiniana, and oilseed rape by P. lingam.
Hardening at 5 °C stimulated resistance of barley, fecue and rape to their specific pathogens. Six-week long acclimation was
the most effective for plant resistance. Cold significantly changed cell membrane permeability and decreased chlorophyll fluorescence
(F0, Fm and Fv/Fm) of all studied plant species, while net photosynthesis rate was found to decrease only in barley. The results indicate that
cold-induced resistance of plants to pathogens was correlated with a decrease in cell membrane permeability. In the case of
fescue and barley a significant connection between the quantum yield of PSII and their resistance to B. sorokiniana was shown. Additionally, the resistance of barley to fungus was depended on net photosynthesis rate. In general this research
shows that the efficiency of photosynthesis may be used as an indicator of plant resistance to disease. 相似文献