虎杖中白藜芦醇、白藜芦醇甙及大黄素的综合提取工艺研究

采用HPLC法,以白藜芦醇、白藜芦醇甙及大黄素的含量为指标,对虎杖中的有效成分进行了综合提取,通过正交实验,确定出乙醇溶剂提取的最佳工艺为：以80％的乙醇水溶液为提取剂,液固比为12：1,在70℃下提取2次,每次提取2h,HPLC法测定结果表明,从虎杖中提取的有效成分的含量分别可达：白藜芦醇为2．40mg／g,白藜芦醇甙为18．12mg／g,大黄素为16．82m/g。     

气象因子和矿质元素对虎杖根茎白藜芦醇含量的影响

对全年各月虎杖材料中白藜芦醇含量,及其Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Na、Zn 8种矿质元素积累进行检测,结合气象因子动态变化,采用主成分分析法,研究了不同季节虎杖白藜芦醇含量动态变化与其矿质元素、气象因子动态变化的关系．结果表明,Cu与Fe,Mg与K、Zn,Ca与月日照时数,K与Zn相关系数分别为0．812、0．871、0．793、0．602、0．729,呈极显著正相关;Cu、Mn与月平均气温,Fe与K相关系数分别为-0．738、-0．712、-0．766,呈极显著负相关;Cu与白藜芦醇含量呈显著负相关．找出了影响虎杖白藜芦醇含量动态变化的5个主成分,其中“酶促反应促进性矿质营养因子”,“高温、强照射气象因子”的贡献率分别为35．539％、33．358％,合计为68．897％,二者对不同季节虎杖白藜芦醇的变异贡献率最大．同时进行白藜芦醇含量的动态变化与主成分的多元相关、回归分析,建立了回归方程。     

三株长蠕孢属真菌对毛脉酸模幼苗中白藜芦醇、白藜芦醇苷含量和产量的影响

以幼苗期毛脉酸模（Rumex gmelinii Turcz．）为实验材料,研究经长蠕孢属真菌（Helminthosporium carbonum）侵染后毛脉酸模中白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷的含量和产量的变化。实验结果表明：幼苗期毛脉酸模中的白藜芦醇在受到外界真菌诱导时对真菌具有一定的选择性。而且同一真菌的不同菌株诱导强度也有一定的差异,主要表现在起效时间上。但白藜芦醇苷含量受外界真菌诱导的专属性不强,且影响强度与诱导浓度有关。对幼苗期毛脉酸模各种诱导处理都没有使其生物量受到明显的抑制。通过试验筛选出大斑病长蠕孢001使幼苗期毛脉酸模中白藜芦醇苷和白藜芦醇产量影响较大,与对照相比分别使其提高1．54和3．99倍。     

白藜芦醇在几种植物中各部位的分布

采用液相色谱研究白藜芦醇在紫斑牡丹、花生和巨峰葡萄几种经济植物各部位的分布情况。结果表明紫斑牡丹籽和果荚的含量远高于花生和巨峰葡萄。花生白藜芦醇含量最低。紫斑牡丹、花生和巨峰葡萄各部位白藜芦醇分布情况如下：紫斑牡丹叶、紫斑牡丹侧枝、紫斑牡丹茎和紫斑牡丹根中均不含有白藜芦醇,而紫斑牡丹籽和紫斑牡丹果荚中含有白藜芦醇,其中紫斑牡丹籽白藜芦醇含量为0.87‰,紫斑牡丹果荚白藜芦醇含量为0.26‰。花生叶、花生胚乳和花生胚芽中均不含有白藜芦醇,而花生侧枝、花生壳、花生皮、花生茎、花生侧根、花生主根中含有白藜芦醇含有白藜芦醇,其含量为花生侧枝3 mg·kg^-1、花生茎11 mg·kg^-1、花生壳12 mg·kg^-1、花生皮15 mg·kg^-1、花生侧根5 mg·kg^-1、花生主根10 mg·kg^-1。经检测发现葡萄肉,葡萄皮,葡萄籽,葡萄蒂四部分中含有白藜芦醇,其中葡萄肉白藜芦醇含量为0.017‰,葡萄皮白藜芦醇含量为0.028‰,葡萄籽白藜芦醇含量为0.005‰,葡萄蒂和其邻近枝白藜芦醇含量为0.12‰。检测说明这几种植物中花生皮、花生壳、葡萄皮、葡萄籽、葡萄蒂、牡丹籽、牡丹荚具有一定的药用价值和经济价值。     

光强对毛脉酸模根中白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷的影响

在人工控制条件下,观察了光强对毛脉酸模根中白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷的影响.结果表明,较短时期的遮荫使毛脉酸模根中白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷含量随着遮荫程度的增加而增加,较长时期的遮荫则使白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷含量降低;随遮荫程度和遮荫时间的增加,根中白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷含量显著降低.根中白藜芦醇产量在8月份达最大值、白藜芦醇苷产量在9月份达最大值,遮荫降低根中白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷的产量.在毛脉酸模生长后期给予短期深度遮荫可以提高白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷产量.     

葡萄植株中白藜芦醇及葡萄素含量动态积累规律研究

对葡萄生长期间不同部位中主要活性成分白藜芦醇和葡萄素含量进行了分析,探索了活性成分代谢积累规律.以湖南省境内的主要葡萄品种红地球的主藤、侧藤、支藤、根、叶、叶柄为研究对象,从2010年4月到2011年1月考察了白藜芦醇与葡萄素含量的动态变化,采用超声波辅助甲醇提取法对实验材料进行白藜芦醇和葡萄素提取,以高效液相色谱法进行白藜芦醇和葡萄素含量测定来考察白藜芦醇和葡萄素在葡萄植株中动态变化的规律.结果表明:葡萄植株中不同部位白藜芦醇和葡萄素含量差异显著,主藤＞侧藤＞支藤＞根＞叶片≈叶柄;各部位白藜芦醇和葡萄素在生长期含量变化趋势是先升后降,尤其是葡萄素变化趋势很明显,白藜芦醇变化趋势较小,各部位芪化物含量在9～10月含量处于峰值.     

花生中白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷的提取及含量测定

建立高效液相色谱紫外法同时测定花生中白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷含量的方法。以85%乙醇水溶液为提取剂,采用直接超声提取、高速匀浆提取和固相萃取3种不同提取方法处理花生样品,对提取剂使用量和提取方法进行比较研究,高效液相色谱法进行含量测定。结果表明：当提取剂使用量为40mL时,固相萃取提取法效果最好,白藜芦醇的加标回收率为96.00%~109.55%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.64%~2.17%,检出限为0.016mg/kg;白藜芦醇苷的加标回收率为91.82%~104.67%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.73%~2.81%,检出限为0.052mg/kg。测定的山东省210个花生样品中白藜芦醇含量为0.17~11.39mg/kg,含量最低的是花育22,最高的是白玉品种;白藜芦醇苷含量为0.22~1.44mg/kg,含量最低的是春甜,最高的是山花9号品种。该方法适合于花生样品中白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷含量的测定。     

薄层层析-紫外分光光度法测定葡萄果皮中白藜芦醇及白藜芦醇苷

建立了葡萄果皮中反式白藜芦醇及反式白藜芦醇苷含量的薄层层析-紫外分光光度测定法.以甲醇提取目标组分,以高效硅胶GF254为固定相,甲苯:乙酸乙酯:甲酸(5:4:1)为展开剂,对反式白藜芦醇及反式白藜芦醇苷进行分离纯化.并用紫外分光光度法进行定量,波长为306 nm.结果表明,该方法测定反式白藜芦醇及反式白藜芦醇苷含量的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9997;平均回收率为98.12%、97.23%;方法的精密度较高.并用该方法测定了酿酒红葡萄品种蛇龙珠不同生长时期的反式白藜芦醇和反式白藜芦醇苷含量.     

桑叶中白藜芦醇提取工艺的研究

白藜芦醇因其具有多种保健作用而受到人们广泛关注,经研究测定在桑叶中有一定的含量。本文采用有机溶剂回流法提取桑叶中的白藜芦醇,确立了提取的最佳条件:提取溶剂为乙醇;回流时间为105 min;乙醇浓度为80%;物料比为1∶13;回流温度为60℃。原料经回流提取、过滤除渣后旋蒸得到白藜芦醇浓缩液,再用高效液相色谱法测定白藜芦醇的含量。     

葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的分析

采用HPLC测定了17种葡萄酒中白藜芦醇含量。干红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的含量远高于干白葡萄酒。干红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的含量与葡萄品种有关,同一葡萄品种的干红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的含量与产地和工艺有关。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.