Paxillin在大鼠胰腺发育不同时期表达的研究

目的:研究桩蛋白(Paxillin,Pxn)在胰腺发育不同阶段的表达和细胞定位.方法:运用RT-PCR技术检测Pxn在大鼠胰腺发育不同阶段的mRNA表达水平;运用免疫组织化学检测不同时期桩蛋白在胰腺的定位.结果:RT-PCR结果显示Pxn的mRNA表达量胚胎期高于新生和成年期;免疫组织化学结果显示在不同发育时期桩蛋白不仅在外分泌胰腺有表达,而且在胰岛也有表达.结论:具有调节细胞聚集、粘附迁移功能的桩蛋白可能参与出生后胰岛重塑.     

WFS1在大鼠胰腺不同发育阶段的表达

目的:研究WFS1在胰腺发育不同阶段的表达和细胞定位.方法:运用Western Blot技术检测WFS1在大鼠胰腺发育不同阶段的蛋白表达水平;运用免疫荧光检测不同时期WFS1在胰腺的定位.结果:Western Blot结果显示WFSl的蛋白表达量胚胎后期高于新生期,成年期表达量上升;免疫荧光结果显示在不同发育时期WFS1与胰岛β细胞共表达.结论:WFS1在胚胎发育中后期的高表达可能与胰岛形成及功能完善有关,并且可能参与了胰岛重塑.     

C-MET在大鼠胰腺发育过程中的表达

目的:研究CMET在大鼠胰腺发育阶段的表达和细胞定位.方法:运用RT-PCR和WesternBlot技术分别检测C-MET在大鼠胰腺发育阶段的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;运用免疫组化和免疫荧光技术检测不同时期C-MET在胰腺的组织细胞学定位.结果:RT-PCR结果显示E18.5 C-METmRNA高表达.Western Blot结果显示其蛋白在P14,P21高表达,并存在两种亚型,分子量分别为190KD和170KD.免疫组化和免疫荧光结果显示在不同发育时期C-MET在胰岛B细胞和间充质细胞都有表达.结论:C-MET在大鼠胚胎发育后期及生后出现高表达,并表达于胰岛B细胞和间充质细胞,可能参与了胰岛形成、结构重塑和功能维持.     

间皮素Mesothelin对大鼠胰岛结构形成和重塑作用的研究进展

大鼠胰腺发育的过程分为以细胞增生、分化为主的早中期及以结构形成、功能完善为主的后期这两个阶段,后期涉及胚胎后期胰岛结构形成和生后胰岛结构重塑.而β细胞的功能完善需要多种细胞迁移和细胞间支持黏附因子的介导,其中表达于β细胞的问皮素(Mesothelin)对细胞间的信号识别以及相互黏附有重要的作用.Mesothelin也是胰腺癌等多种恶性肿瘤的细胞表面标记物.有关Mesothelin在大鼠胰岛结构形成和结构重塑过程中的作用及其与胰腺癌形成关系的作用正处于研究之中.     

酪氨酸羟化酶在成年大鼠胰腺中的定位

目的:酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)是儿茶酚胺类递质合成的限速梅,儿茶酚胺类递质对胰腺内分泌细胞的功能具有重要的调控作用,本研究拟探讨酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)在成年大鼠整个胰腺的具体定位和表达.方法:取雄性成年大鼠胰腺,冰冻组织切片,应用免疫荧光技术观察酪氨酸羟化酶在整个胰腺中的表达分布情况,并进一步运用免疫荧光双标技术鉴定酪氨酸羟化酶是否与胰岛素、胰高血糖素、生长抑素以及胰多肽分别共定位于β细胞;α细胞;δ细胞及PP细胞,进一步确定合成酪氨酸羟化酶确切的细胞类型.结果:①在胰腺腺泡细胞胞浆中存在酪氨酸羟化酶的阳性表达颗粒.②分布于胰腺外分泌腺的神经纤维和胰岛的神经纤维中都有酪氨酸羟化酶的表达.③酪氨酸羟化酶与胰岛的四种内分泌细胞所合成的肽之间均没有共定位关系.结论:在胰腺,酪氨酸羟化酶只存在于胰腺外分泌腺的腺泡细胞胞浆内以及胰腺中的神经纤维中,而胰岛四种内分泌细胞中没有酪氨酸羟化酶,说明胰腺儿茶酚胺类神经递质一方面由胰腺外分泌部的腺泡细胞合成,另一方面来源于神经末梢的释放,而胰岛细胞不能合成儿茶酚胺类递质;该结果为进一步研究胰腺内、外分泌部之间的关系和儿茶酚胺对胰腺分泌功能的调节提供形态学证据.     

大鼠胰腺发育阶段Mesothelin的表达

目的:研究Mesothenlin在大鼠胰腺发育阶段的表达和细胞定位。方法:运用RT-PCR和Western Blot技术分别检测Mesothenlin在大鼠胰腺发育阶段的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;运用免疫荧光检测不同时期Mesothenlin在胰腺的组织细胞学定位。结果:RT-PCR结果显示E18.5 Mesothelin mRNA的表达水平显著增高,至P14达到高峰,成年较低。Western Blot结果显示其蛋白表达趋势与mRNA完全相同。免疫荧光结果显示在不同发育时期Mesothenlin与胰岛β细胞和间充质细胞共表达。结论:Mesothenlin在大鼠胚胎胰岛形成及生后结构重塑中出现显著性高表达,并表达于胰岛β细胞和间充质细胞。     

慢性复合应激对大鼠胰腺HAP1表达的影响

目的探讨慢性复合应激大鼠胰腺内胰岛内分泌细胞HAP1表达的变化及其意义。方法36只大鼠随机分为两组:慢性复合应激组和正常对照组。应激组动物无规律交替暴露于垂直旋转、睡眠剥夺、捆绑(6h/d)和夜间光照等慢性复合性应激,共6周;实验结束后,采用免疫组织化学和Western-blot等方法检测两组大鼠胰腺胰岛内分泌细胞内HAP1蛋白表达的变化。结果HAP1在大鼠胰腺内选择性表达于胰岛内分泌细胞中。与对照组相比,慢性复合应激组大鼠胰腺HAP1的表达明显增强(P<0.05)。结论6周慢性复合性应激可使大鼠胰腺中胰岛内分泌细胞的HAP1表达加强,提示HAP-1在慢性复合应激促进胰腺内分泌功能中可能发挥一定作用。     

胰腺发育相关maf基因在胰腺导管和胰岛的表达

为探讨胰岛功能和发育相关maf基因在胰腺导管上皮中的表达情况,对新鲜小鼠胰腺组织切片进行显微切割,分离纯化胰腺组织中的导管和胰岛,以及外分泌腺组织细胞作为对照,利用荧光实时定量PCR的方法完成对目的基因的相对定量.结果显示,mafa mRNA,mafb mRNA水平在胰岛及导管中非常接近,无统计学差异.而c-maf在导管的表达高于胰岛(P<0.05),外分泌腺则无上述基因的表达.胰腺导管中mafa,mafb,cmaf均有表达,肯定了导管上皮细胞向内分泌细胞分化的潜能,而c-maf在导管中的表达高于胰岛,提示导管上皮c-maf的下调可能有助于导管上皮细胞向内分泌细胞的分化成熟.     

神经元限制性沉默因子与胰岛素在成年小鼠胰腺中的表达

目的:观察神经元限制性沉默因子(NRSF)在正常成年小鼠胰腺组织中的表达情况。方法:以6～8周BALB/c小鼠胰腺为实验材料,制备冰冻切片,与地高辛标记的NRSF cDNA探针进行原位杂交,观察mRNA表达,并结合免疫组织化学方法检测NRSF和胰岛素的表达。结果:原位杂交显示,NRSF mRNA仅表达于胰腺组织外分泌部腺泡腺细胞中,胞浆呈蓝紫色,与免疫荧光组织化学检测NRSF蛋白表达的部位一致,而胰岛细胞中无NRSF mRNA及蛋白的表达。免疫酶组织化学染色显示,胰岛大部分细胞中表达胰岛素,胞浆染成黄棕色,而腺泡腺细胞则不表达胰岛素。结论:NRSF与胰岛素不存在共定位关系,即成年小鼠胰岛细胞不表达NRSF,而表达胰岛素。提示NRSF蛋白表达的消失可能是建立完全分化成熟、具有完好分泌反应的胰岛细胞所必需的。     

链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠胰腺外分泌部A、B细胞密度的变化

本文应用A蛋白金银—过氧化物酶抗过氧化物酶(PAGS-PAP)双重染色法,观察了链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠胰腺外分泌部含高血糖素的单个A细胞(单A细胞)及合胰岛素的单个B细胞(单B细胞)密度的变化.在一次大剂量腹腔注射STZ后第5天和第10天,大鼠胰腺外分泌部单A细胞密度较对照组大鼠增加,而单B细胞密度在注射STZ后第5天较对照组大鼠减少,但在第15天与对照组大鼠接近.在第15天,一些单B细胞分布在靠近胰岛的腺泡中,岛周腺泡含单B细胞的胰岛百分率明显高于对照组.由于胰腺外分泌部的单A、单B细胞在分布特征上与中间细胞相似,在糖尿病时其数量变化也与中间细胞一致,因此,本研究所观察到的单A、单B细胞与前人报道的中间细胞有密切关系.上述单A、单B细胞密度的变化提示,在STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠,胰腺中的B细胞被STZ破坏后,其外分泌部可能有某些细胞通过中间细胞向单A、单B细胞发生了转化或者单A、单B细胞即此转化过程中的中间细胞.     

胃异型增生上皮和胃腺癌神经内分泌分化的检测

目的检测胃异型增生上皮及胃腺癌组织中神经内分泌的表达.方法应用免疫组织化学法检测10例正常胃粘膜、63例癌旁低度异型增生、26例高度异型增生及相应胃腺癌组织中嗜铬粒蛋白A(CgA)、突触素(Syn)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)表达结果 CgA、Syn和NSE在癌旁低度异型增生、高度异型增生及相应胃腺癌组织中阳性表达率有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论胃异型增生上皮和胃腺癌伴神经内分泌是一种常见的现象,它反映了胃腺癌发生发展的多步骤过程.     

Preferential expression of reg I beta gene in human adult pancreas

In human pancreas two genes, reg I alpha and reg I beta, have been characterized but only the reg I alpha protein has been isolated from human pancreatic secretion. To examine their respective physiological roles in fetal and adult pancreas we have compared the patterns of gene expression using a specific RT-PCR method. No progressive evolution in the two mRNAs levels was observed during fetal development (16--41 weeks). A discoordinate expression of the two genes was found with a higher level of reg I alpha mRNA in fetus and a higher level of regI beta in adult. In addition, if reg I alpha mRNA level was correlated with the expression of genes encoding exocrine proteins in adults, reg I beta mRNA level presented no correlation with any ductular, endocrine, or exocrine gene expression. In human pancreatic cell lines we showed the only expression of reg I beta gene and protein. All these data suggest that the two reg genes and proteins could play different roles in the pancreas.     

Immunoradiometric assay of chromogranin A in the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer: comparative evaluation with neuron-specific enolase

The aims of our work were 1) to determine the diagnostic performance of an immunoradiometric assay of chromogranin A (CgA) in small cell lung cancer and 2) to compare its discriminatory power with that of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), the marker currently used for SCLC. We selected 166 cases of small cell (64) and non-small cell (102) lung cancer and 106 cases of non-malignant lung diseases as controls. Both CgA and NSE were assayed by immunoradiometric methods and cutoff values were established on the basis of a pre-fixed specificity of 95% in non-malignant lung diseases. The CgA assay showed better diagnostic sensitivity than NSE in SCLC (61% versus 57%), especially in limited disease, and a low positivity rate in NSCLC with respect to NSE (14% versus 22%). By contrast, NSE reflected disease extent more accurately than CgA (U test: CgA p<0.05, NSE p<0.001). Finally, we found that the CgA assay was not affected by hemolysis whereas NSE serum levels greatly increased in hemolyzed sera. In conclusion, CgA assaying by an IRMA method is a reliable procedure in the diagnosis of SCLC. NSE remains the marker of choice in staging and monitoring of the disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the marker and its role in therapy monitoring and patient follow-up.     

Ontogenetic expression of chromogranin A and its derived peptides, WE-14 and pancreastatin, in the rat neuroendocrine system

 The ontogenetic expression of chromogranin A (CgA) and its derived peptides, WE-14 and pancreastatin (PST), was studied in the rat neuroendocrine system employing immunohistochemical analysis of fetal and neonatal specimens from 12.5-day embryos (E12.5), to 42-day postnatal (P42) rats. CgA immunostaining was first detected in endocrine cells of the pancreas, stomach, intestine, adrenal gland and thyroid at E13.5, E14.5, E15.5, E15.5 and E18.5, respectively. PST-like immunoreactivity was detected in endocrine cells of the pancreas at E13.5, stomach, intestine at E15.5, adrenal gland at E17.5 and thyroid at E18.5. WE-14 immunoreactivity was first observed in the immature pancreas at E15.5, mucosal cells of the stomach at E15.5, scattered chromaffin cells in the immature adrenal gland and mucosal cells of the intestine at E17.5 and thyroid parafollicular cells at E18.5. These data confirm that the translation of the CgA gene is regulated differentially in various neuroendocrine tissues and, moreover, suggests that the posttranslational processing of the molecule is developmentally controlled. Accepted: 18 October 1996     

Ontogeny and species differences in the pancreatic expression and localization of the CCK(A) receptors.

We have evaluated the presence and localization of the CCK(A) receptor in rat, mouse, pig and human fetal pancreas by Northern, Western blots and immunofluorescence techniques. In the rat, parallelism exists between development of the CCK(A) receptor mRNA and protein with maximal peaks of expression during the suckling period. In the course of pancreatitis induction, CCK(A) receptor mRNA were maximally expressed and sustained during the gland's regeneration. In the rat and mouse pancreas, the CCK(A) receptor protein is localized around the acinar cells and beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. In the adult pig and fetal human pancreas, the CCK(A) receptor proteins were detected by Western blot. By immunofluorescence, its detection was possible only in the islet of Langerhans of the pig pancreas. These new findings support the views that CCK plays important and various roles in specific physiological systems of the pancreas of different species.     

Developmental expression of the type I diabetes related antigen sulfatide and sulfated lactosylceramide in mammalian pancreas

Previous studies have shown that sulfatide is present and functionally involved in beta cells, and that anti-sulfatide antibodies (ASA) exist during development of type I diabetes mellitus. To further explore the possible role of sulfatide in type I diabetes, developmental expression was examined in human pancreas and in pancreas of the type I diabetes models BB rat and NOD mouse compared to Lewis rat and BALB/c mouse, respectively. Sulfatide was not only expressed in adult pancreas, but also in human fetal and rodent neonatal pancreas, i.e., during the growing period of the immunological self. Sulfatide had a different expression pattern in human beings and rodents, concerning both the amounts of sulfatide and expression during development. There was no change in the sulfatide fatty acid isoform expression during development. The pancreatic expression of another sulfated glycosphingolipid, sulfated lactosylceramide, indicated that this molecule is a potential fetal/neonatal marker, which was further expressed in the type I diabetic models. In conclusion, these findings give further support to the possibility that sulfatide is a relevant autoantigen in type I diabetes and that sulfated lactosylceramide might function as a potential risk factor for disease development, at least in the animal models.     

大鼠胰腺嗜铬颗粒素A分布的免疫组织化学研究

本研究用ＡＢＣ免疫组织化学方法,在Ｂｏｕｉｎ液固定的常规石蜡切片上,观察了啥铬颗粒素Ａ在大鼠胰腺内分泌细胞内的定位和分布,并用相邻切片双标记法,观察了它与胰高血糖素、胰岛素、生长抑素的共存关系。结果发现,大鼠胰腺嗜铬颗粒素Ａ样免疫反应细胞主要分布于胰岛的周边部,胰腺外分泌部的导管和腺泡等处均未见ＣｇＡ祥物质存在。用相邻薄切片免疫显色技术证明,大鼠胰腺中ＣｇＡ样物质与胰高血糖素共存。结果提示,ＣｇＡ可能是胰腺内分泌细胞的一个新的标志物,在胰腺功能调节上发挥着重要作用。     

Expression of neuron-specific enolase, Leu-7, and neuropeptides in human fetal salivary gland epithelium

The immunoreactivity of anti-neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and anti-Leu-7 on formalin-fixed sections of human fetal salivary gland epithelium was determined by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. In addition, expression of some neuropeptides such as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin (SRIF), and substance P in the human salivary gland epithelium during the gestational period was observed, whereas the other polypeptides examined, including glucagon, cholecystokinin (CCK), Leu-enkephalin, and calcitonin were absent. NSE and Leu-7 immunoreactivity in the fetal salivary gland epithelium was observed solitarily or in groups commonly restricted to the developing duct epithelium. Positive immunoreactivity was observed in 46 cases with NSE (73%) and 44 cases with Leu-7 (70%) in 63 fetal salivary glands examined. In contrast, the incidence of positive cases stained with neuropeptides was lower than those of NSE and Leu-7 immunoreactivity in the human fetal salivary gland epithelium. These findings indicate that certain neuropolypeptides, as well as VIP, SRIF, and substance P present in the human fetal salivary gland epithelium may play a significant role in the development of the gland.     

Stimulus-secretion coupling in the developing exocrine pancreas: secretory responsiveness to cholecystokinin

We have studied the onset of secretory responsiveness to cholecystokinin (CCK) during development of the rat exocrine pancreas. Although acinar cells of the fetal pancreas (1 d before birth) are filled with zymogen granules containing the secretory protein, alpha- amylase, the rate of amylase secretion from pancreatic lobules incubated in vitro was not increased in response to CCK. In contrast, the rate of CCK-stimulated amylase discharge from the neonatal pancreas (1 d after birth) was increased four- to eightfold above that of the fetal gland. The postnatal amplification of secretory responsiveness was not associated with an increase in the number or cell surface expression of 125I-CCK binding sites. When 125I-CCK-33 binding proteins were analyzed by affinity crosslinking, two proteins of Mr 210,000 and 100,000-160,000 were labeled specifically in both fetal and neonatal pancreas. To determine if cell surface receptors for CCK in the fetal pancreas are functional and able to generate a rise in the cytosolic [Ca++], we measured 45Ca++ efflux from tracer-loaded lobules. 45Ca++ efflux from both fetal and neonatal pancreas was comparably increased by CCK, indicating CCK-induced Ca++ mobilization and elevated cytosolic [Ca++]. The Ca++ ionophore A23187 also stimulated the rate of 45Ca++ extrusion from pancreas of both ages. Increased amylase secretion occurred concurrently with A23187-stimulated 45Ca++ efflux in neonatal pancreas, but not in the fetal gland. A23187 in combination with dibutyryl cAMP potentiated amylase release from the neonatal gland, but not from fetal pancreas. Similarly, the protein kinase C activator, phorbol dibutyrate, did not increase the rate of secretion from the fetal gland when added alone or in combination with A23187 or CCK. We suggest that CCK-receptor interaction in the fetal pancreas triggers intracellular Ca++ mobilization. However, one or more signal transduction events distal to Ca++ mobilization have not yet matured. The onset of secretory response to CCK that occurs postnatally may depend on amplification of these transduction events.     

Selective processing of chromogranin A in the different islet cells in human pancreas.

We studied the immunoreactivity of 12 different region-specific antibodies to the chromogranin A (CgA) molecule in the four major neuroendocrine cell types of the human pancreas by using double immunofluorescence techniques. The antibodies raised to the N-terminal and midportions of CgA showed, on the whole, stronger immunoreactivity than did the C-terminal antibodies, with a few exceptions. Often the immunoreactivity was stronger in glucagon cells. Insulin cells expressed immunoreactivity to all region-specific antibodies, but glucagon cells were nonreactive to two antibodies. Somatostatin cells reacted only with the C-terminal antibodies (amino acid sequences CgA 411-424), while PP cells were stained with four CgA region-specific antibodies between amino acid sequences 63-195. The cause of these differences may be that the CgA molecule is cleaved, partly masked, or partly translated from CgA mRNA. Microwave treatment improved only the staining with the CgA 361-372 antibodies, which indicates that masking is not the sole or entire cause. Our findings may indicate that the CgA molecule is cleaved in different ways in the various pancreatic endocrine cell types, giving rise to a variety of biologically functional fragments.