Hydrogen sulfide is involved in the regulation of ascorbate and glutathione metabolism by jasmonic acid in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</Emphasis>

This study investigated the role of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the regulation of the ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism by jasmonic acid (JA) in the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana by using H₂S scavenger hypotaurine (HT) and H₂S synthetic mutant (SALK_041918, designated Atl-cdes). The results showed that JA significantly increased the H₂S content, the activities of L-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-CDes), D-cysteine desulfhydrase (D-CDes), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS), the ratio of AsA to dehydroascorbate (DHA), and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H₂O₂ in the wild type of A. thaliana, compared to control. The above effects of JA except the increased activities of L-CDes and D-CDes were suppressed by addition of HT. However, JA and HT+JA had no significant effects on the ratio of reduced GSH to oxidized GSH (GSSG) in the wild type of A. thaliana. Application of HT to the control decreased H₂S content, AsA/DHA ratio, and activities of APX, GR, DHAR, MDHAR, γ-ECS, and GalLDH, but had no effects on MDA content, activities of L-CDes and D-CDes, and GSH/GSSG ratio. In the H₂S synthetic mutant, JA had no obvious effects on above mentioned parameters except the D-CDes activity compared with the control. Our results suggest that JA-induced H₂S, which is a signal that leads to the up-regulation of the AsA and GSH metabolism.     

Structure of acidic o-specific polysaccharide from the marine bacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cellulophaga baltica</Emphasis>

The structure of an acidic O-specific polysaccharide from the marine bacterium Cellulophaga baltica was established by chemical methods and NMR spectroscopy. The polysaccharide was shown to consist of repeating tetrasaccharide units containing two mannose residues, one N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue, and one D-glucuronic acid residue. An O-acetyl group was also found in the polysaccharide in nonstoichiometric amount. The polysaccharide had the following structure:

Open image in new window

     

Functional divergence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">GhCFE5</Emphasis> homoeologs revealed in cotton fiber and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis> root cell development

Key message

In GhCFE5 homoeologs, GhCFE5D interacted with more actin homologs and stronger interaction activity than GhCFE5A. GhCFE5D - but not GhCFE5A -overexpression severely disrupted actin cytoskeleton organization and significantly suppressed cell elongation.

Abstract

Homoeologous genes are common in polyploid plants; however, their functional divergence is poorly elucidated. Allotetraploid Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, AADD) is the most widely cultivated cotton; accounting for more than 90 % of the world’s cotton production. Here, we characterized GhCFE5A and GhCFE5D homoeologs from G. hirsutum acc TM-1. GhCFE5 homoeologs are expressed preferentially in fiber cells; and a significantly greater accumulation of GhCFE5A mRNA than GhCFE5D mRNA was found in all tested tissues. Overexpression of GhCFE5D but not GhCFE5A seriously inhibits the Arabidopsis hypocotyl and root cell elongation. Yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis showed that compared with GhCFE5A, GhCFE5D interacts with more actin homologs and has a stronger interaction activity both from Arabidopsis and Upland cotton. Interestingly, subcellular localization showed that GhCFE5 resides on the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network and is colocalized with actin cables. The interaction activities between GhCFE5 homoeologs and actin differ in their effects on F-actin structure in transgenic Arabidopsis root cells. The F-actin changed direction from vertical to lateral, and the actin cytoskeleton organization was severely disrupted in GhCFE5D-overexpressing root cells. These data support the functional divergence of GhCFE5 homoeologs in the actin cytoskeleton structure and cell elongation, implying an important role for GhCFE5 in the evolution and selection of cotton fiber.

     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">LMI1</Emphasis>-like genes involved in leaf margin development of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis>

In rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), leaf margins are variable and can be entire, serrate, or lobed. In our previous study, the lobed-leaf gene (LOBED-LEAF 1, BnLL1) was mapped to a 32.1 kb section of B. napus A10. Two LMI1-like genes, BnaA10g26320D and BnaA10g26330D, were considered the potential genes that controlled the lobed-leaf trait in rapeseed. In the present study, these two genes and another homologous gene (BnaC04g00850D) were transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants to identify their functions. All three LMI1-like genes of B. napus produced serrate leaf margins. The expression analysis indicated that the expression level of BnaA10g26320D determined the difference between lobed- and entire-leaved lines in rapeseed. Therefore, it is likely that BnaA10g26320D corresponds to BnLL1.     

A putative <Emphasis Type="Italic">NEM1</Emphasis> homologue regulates lipid droplet biogenesis <Emphasis Type="Italic">via PAH1</Emphasis> in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tetrahymena thermophila</Emphasis>

Nuclear envelope morphology protein 1 (NEM1) along with a phosphatidate phosphatase (PAH1) regulates lipid homeostasis and membrane biogenesis in yeast and mammals. We investigated four putative NEM1 homologues (TtNEM1A, TtNEM1B, TtNEM1C and TtNEM1D) in the Tetrahymena thermophila genome. Disruption of TtNEM1B, TtNEM1C or TtNEM1D did not compromise normal cell growth. In contrast, we were unable to generate knockout strain of TtNEM1A under the same conditions, indicating that TtNEM1A is essential for Tetrahymena growth. Interestingly, loss of TtNEM1B but not TtNEM1C or TtNEM1D caused a reduction in lipid droplet number. Similar to yeast and mammals, TtNem1B of Tetrahymena exerts its function via Pah1, since we found that PAH1 overexpression rescued loss of Nem1 function. However, unlike NEM1 in other organisms, TtNEM1B does not regulate ER/nuclear morphology. Similarly, neither TtNEM1C nor TtNEM1D is required to maintain normal ER morphology. While Tetrahymena PAH1 was shown to functionally replace yeast PAH1 earlier, we observed that Tetrahymena NEM1 homologues did not functionally replace yeast NEM1. Overall, our results suggest the presence of a conserved cascade for regulation of lipid homeostasis and membrane biogenesis in Tetrahymena. Our results also suggest a Nem1-independent function of Pah1 in the regulation of ER morphology in Tetrahymena.     

Overexpression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">MeDREB1D</Emphasis> confers tolerance to both drought and cold stresses in transgenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis>

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is an important tropical crop with extraordinary tolerance to drought stress but few reports on it. In this study, MeDREB1D was significantly and positively induced by drought stress. Two allelic variants of the gene named MeDREB1D(R-2) and MeDREB1D(Y-3) were identified. Overexpressing MeDREB1D(R-2) and MeDREB1D(Y-3) in Arabidopsis resulted in stronger tolerance to drought and cold stresses. Under drought stress, transgenic plants had more biomass, higher survival rates and less MDA content than wild-type plants. Under cold stress, transgenic plants also had higher survival rates than wild-type plants. To further characterize the molecular function of MeDREB1D, we conducted an RNA-Seq analysis of transgenic and wild-type Arabidopsis plants. The results showed that the Arabidopsis plants overexpressing MeDREB1D led to changes in downstream genes. Several POD genes, which may play a vital role in drought and cold tolerance, were up-regulated in transgenic plants. In brief, these results suggest that MeDREB1D can simultaneously improve plant tolerance to drought and cold stresses.     

Synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of mannan from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida albicans</Emphasis> cell wall and their BSA conjugates

3-Aminopropyl glycosides of α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-D-mannopyranose, α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-D-mannopyranose, and α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-D-mannopyranose were efficiently synthesized starting from ethyl 2-O-acetyl(benzoyl)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside, ethyl 4,6-di-O-benzyl-2-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside, ethyl 4,6-di-O-benzyl-2,3-di-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside, and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl bromide. The oligosaccharide chains synthesized correspond to the three structural types of side chains of mannan from Candida albicans cell wall. A conjugate of the third pentasaccharide with bovine serum albumin was prepared using the squarate method.     

Acaricidal properties of ylang-ylang oil and star anise oil against nymphs of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ixodes ricinus</Emphasis> (Acari: Ixodidae)

Understanding and responding to the ecological, social and economic conditions that facilitate disease emergence and transmission represents a substantial challenge for epidemiologists and health professionals. In this article we integrate knowledge about the human and the vector population, to provide a context from which to examine the underlying causal factors of D. marginatus-borne diseases emergence in the study area. Within this framework we analyse the biotic and abiotic factors that drive D. marginatus population dynamics and the role of its typical host for dispersal. These investigations suggest that D. marginatus is a tick species prone to spatially overlap its presence with human population presence. Then we consider the public health implications for the residents, when simply carrying out trivial outdoor activities may increase the risk to contact an infected tick.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">CENTB5</Emphasis> gene expression in humans and mice

Centaurin β5, a protein with a yet unknown function, belongs to the centaurin family. It is encoded by CENTB5, whose expression pattern has been studied insufficiently. Intron 14–15 of human CENTB5 contains a lowly variable minisatellite repeat UPS29, while the mouse Centb5 contains an imperfect microsatellite repeat (CATG)₁₉. The shorter UPS29 alleles have previously been associated with certain forms of Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy. Moreover, both human and murine CENTB5 are syntenic with SCNN1D and ACOT7, which are active primarily in the nervous system, and whose aberrations are associated with epilepsy and neurodegenerative processes. As intronic sequences can modulate the expression of not only those genes that harbor them, but also of neighboring and remote genes, the CENTB5, SCNN1D, and ACOT7 expression levels were all analyzed by RT-PCR. The potential of intronic tandem repeats UPS29 and (CATG)₁₉ to regulate/modulate the expression of CENTB5, SCNN1D, and ACOT7 has been assessed in silico. CENTB5, SCNN1D, and ACOT7 expression was detected in all human and murine tissues studied, suggestive of their physiologic importance. The putative role of UPS29 in the regulation of CENTB5, SCNN1D, and ACOT7 activity in the nerve tissue is discussed.     

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">Adh</Emphasis> locus and adaptation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">cn</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">vg</Emphasis> mutants in experimental populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila melanogaster MEIG</Emphasis>

A complex study on the adaptation of cn and vn mutants and the allozymes of alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH) was carried out in initially pure lines, and their panmixia populations during exchange of the mutant genotype with that of wild-type flies (C-S) and D) through saturating crossings. The relative adaptation of the genotypes was estimated by their effect on reproductive efficiency in the experimentally obtained population. Fecundity, lifespan, and the resistance of the studied genotypes to hyperthermia were investigated individually. It was shown that the high level of adaptation of the cn mutants and the low level of adaptation of the vg mutants was correlated with the presence of different ADH allozymes. In the studied population, the F-allozyme of ADH accompanied the vg mutation, while the S-allozyme of the enzyme was detected in cn mutants. Saturating crossings of C-S(Adh ^S)×vg(Adh ^F) and D(Adh ^F) × cn(Adh ^S), along with the parallel determination of the allele composition of the Adh locus, demonstrated that the complete substitution of the F-allozyme of ADH in the vg mutants by the S-allozyme in D flies, as well as the substitution of the S-allozyme of ADH in the cn mutants by the F-allozyme in D flies was realized only after the 15th–20th backcrosses. These results favor the coadaptation of cn and vg marker genes with alleles of the Adh locus and indicate the important role of the latter in the adaptation of genotypes. In the studied population, selection acted primarily against the vg mutants, which were inferior to the cn mutants, and heterozygote genotypes in indices of the main adaptation components.     

Autophagic flux is essential for the downregulation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">D</Emphasis>-dopachrome tautomerase by atractylenolide I to ameliorate intestinal adenoma formation

Colorectal cancer is generally believed to progress through an adenoma - carcinoma sequence. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations serve as the initiating event in adenoma formation. The Apc^Min/+ mouse harbors a mutation in the APC gene, which is similar or identical to the mutation found in individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis and 70% of all sporadic CRC cases. Autophagy is a constitutive process required for proper cellular homeostasis. However, its role in intestinal adenoma formation is still controversial. Atractylenolide I (AT1) is a sesquiterpenoid that possesses various clinically relevant properties such as anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. The role of AT1 on adenoma formation was tested in Apc^Min/+ mice and its underlying mechanism in regulating autophagy was documented. D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT) was identified as a potential target of AT1 by an proteomics-based approach. The effects of p53 modification on autophgic flux was monitored in p53^?/? and p53^+/+ HCT116 cells. Small interfering RNA was used to investigate the function of Atg7 and D-DT on autophagy programme induce by AT1. AT1 effectively reduced the formation of adenoma and downregulated the tumorigenic proteins in Apc^Min/+ mice. Importantly, AT1 stimulated autophagic flux through downregulating acetylation of p53. Activation of Sirt1 by AT1 was essential for the deacetylation of p53 and downregulation of D-DT. The lowered expression of COX-2 and β-catenin by AT1 were partly recovered by Atg7 knockdown. AT1 activates autophagy machinery to downregulate D-DT and reduce intestinal adenoma formation. This discovery provides evidence in vivo and in vitro that inducing autophagy by natural products maybe a potential therapy to ameliorate colorectal adenoma formation.     

Regulatory activity of heterologous gene-activator <Emphasis Type="Italic">xlnR</Emphasis> of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus niger</Emphasis> in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Penicillium canescens</Emphasis>

The gene encoding the xlnR xylanolytic activator of the heterologous fungus Aspergillus niger was incorporated into the Penicillium canescens genome. Integration of the xlnR gene resulted in the increase in a number of activities, i.e. endoxylanase, β-xylosidase, α-L-arabinofuranosidase, α-galactosidase, and feruloyl esterase, compared to the host P. canescens PCA 10 strain, while β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, endoglucanase, and CMCase activities remained constant. Two different expression constructs were developed. The first consisted of the nucleotide sequence containing the mature P. canescens phytase gene under control of the axhA promoter region gene encoding A. niger (1,4)-β-D-arabinoxylan-arabinofuranohydrolase. The second construct combined the P. canescens phytase gene and the bgaS promoter region encoding homologous β-galactosidase. Both expression cassettes were transformed into P. canescens host strain containing xlnR. Phytase synthesis was observed only for strains with the bgaS promoter on arabinose-containing culture media. In conclusion, the bgaS and axhA promoters were regulated by different inducers and activators in the P. canescens strain containing a structural tandem of the axhA promoter and the gene of the xlnR xylanolytic activator.     

Polyhydroxylated steroid compounds from the Far Eastern starfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Distolasterias nipon</Emphasis>

Two new steroid glycosides: distolasteroside D₆, (24S)-24-O-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-5α-cholestane-3β,6α,8,15β,16β,24-hexaol, and distolasteroside D₇, (22E,24R)-24-O-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-5α-cholest-22-ene-3β,6α,8,15β,24-pentaol were isolated along with the previously known distolasterosides D₁, D₂, and D₃, echinasteroside C, and (25S)-5α-cholestane-3β4β,6α,7α,8,15α,16β,26-octaol from the Far Eastern starfish Distolasterias nipon. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. Like neurotrophins, distolasterosides D₁, D₂, and D₃ were shown to induce neuroblast differentiation in a mouse neuroblastoma C1300 cell culture.     

Steroid Compounds from Far Eastern Starfishes <Emphasis Type="Italic">Henricia aspera</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">H. tumida</Emphasis>

Six new natural compounds were isolated from two Far Eastern starfish species, Henricia aspera and H. tumida, collected in the Sea of Okhotsk. Two new glycosylated steroid polyols were obtained from H. aspera: asperoside A and asperoside B, which were shown to be (20R,24R, 25S)-3-O-(2,3-di-O-methyl-β -D-xylopyranosyl)-24-methyl-5α-cholest-4-ene-3β, 6β,8,15α,16β,26-hexaol and (20R, 24R,25S,22E)-3-O-(2,4-di-O-methyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-24-methyl-5α-cholest-22-ene-3β,4β,6β,8,15α,26-hexaol, respectively. Two other glycosylated polyols, tumidoside A, with the structure elucidated as (20R, 22E)-3-O-(2,4-di-O-methyl-β -D-xylopyranosyl)-26,27-dinor-24-methyl-5α-cholest-22-ene-3β,4β,6β,8,15α,25-hexaol, and tumidoside B, whose structure was elucidated as (20R,24S)-3-O-(2,3-di-O-methyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-5α-cholestan-3β,4β,6β,8,15α,24-hexaol, were isolated from the two starfish species. (20R, 24S)-5α-Cholestan-3β,6β,15α,24-tetraol and (20R, 24S)-5α-cholestan-3β,6β,8,15α,24-pentaol were identified only in H. tumida. The known monoglycosides henricioside H1 and laeviuscolosides H and G were also identified in both species.     

Bacterial metabolites from intra- and inter-species influencing thermotolerance: the case of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus cereus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Geobacillus stearothermophilus</Emphasis>

Bacterial metabolites with communicative functions could provide protection against stress conditions to members of the same species. Yet, information remains limited about protection provided by metabolites in Bacillus cereus and inter-species. This study investigated the effect of extracellular compounds derived from heat shocked (HS) and non-HS cultures of B. cereus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus on the thermotolerance of non-HS vegetative and sporulating B. cereus. Cultures of B. cereus and G. stearothermophilus were subjected to HS (42 or 65 °C respectively for 30 min) or non-HS treatments. Cells and supernatants were separated, mixed in a combined array, and then exposed to 50 °C for 60 min and viable cells determined. For spores, D values (85 and 95 °C) were evaluated after 120 h. In most cases, supernatants from HS B. cereus cultures added to non-HS B. cereus cells caused their thermotolerance to increase (D ₅₀ 12.2–51.9) when compared to supernatants from non-HS cultures (D ₅₀ 7.4–21.7). While the addition of supernatants from HS and non-HS G. stearothermophilus cultures caused the thermotolerance of non-HS cells from B. cereus to decrease initially (D ₅₀ 3.7–7.1), a subsequent increase was detected in most cases (D ₅₀ 18–97.7). In most cases, supernatants from sporulating G. stearothermophilus added to sporulating cells of B. cereus caused the thermotolerance of B. cereus 4810 spores to decline, whereas that of B. cereus 14579 increased. This study clearly shows that metabolites in supernatants from either the same or different species (such as G. stearothermophilus) influence the thermotolerance of B. cereus.     

Contributions of <Emphasis Type="Italic">TaSUTs</Emphasis> to grain weight in wheat under drought

Key message

The homologous genes to OsSUT1-5 in wheat were identified and detailed analysed. TaSUT1 was the predominant sucrose transporter group and it illustrated the genotypic variations towards drought during grain filling.

Abstract

Sucrose transporters (SUT) play crucial roles in wheat stem water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) remobilization to grain. To determine the major functional SUT gene groups in shoot parts of wheat during grain development, drought tolerant varieties, Westonia and Kauz, were investigated in field drought experiments. Fourteen homologous genes to OsSUT1-5 were identified on five homeologous groups, namely TaSUT1_4A, TaSUT1_4B, TaSUT1_4D; TaSUT2_5A, TaSUT2_5B, TaSUT2_5D; TaSUT3_1A, TaSUT3_1D; TaSUT4_6A, TaSUT4_6B, TaSUT4_6D; TaSUT5_2A, TaSUT5_2B, and TaSUT5_2D, and their gene structures were analysed. Wheat plants above the ground were harvested from pre-anthesis to grain maturity and the stem, leaf sheath, rachis, lemma and developing grain were used for analysing TaSUT gene expression. Grain weight, thousand grain weight, kernel number per spike, biomass and stem WSC were characterized. The study showed that among the five TaSUT groups, TaSUT1 was the predominant sucrose transporting group in all organs sampled, and the expression was particularly high in the developing grain. In contrast to TaSUT1, the gene expression levels of TaSUT2, TaSUT3 and TaSUT4 were lower, except for TaSUT3 which showed preferential expression in the lemma before anthesis. The TaSUT5 gene group was very weakly expressed in all tissues. The upregulated gene expression of TaSUT1 Westonia type in stem and grain reveal a crucial role in stem WSC remobilization to grain under drought. The high TaSUT1 gene expression and the significant correlations with thousand grain weight (TGW) and kernel number per spike demonstrated the contribution in Kauz’s high grain yield in an irrigated environment and high TGW in Westonia under drought stress. Further molecular level identification is required for gene marker development.

     

Toxin Gene Contents and Activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus thuringiensis</Emphasis> Strains Against Two Sugarcane Borer Species, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Diatraea saccharalis</Emphasis> (F.) and <Emphasis Type="Italic">D. flavipennella</Emphasis> (Box)

Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) bears essential characteristics in the control of insect pests, such as its unique mode of action, which confers specificity and selectivity. This study assessed cry gene contents from Bt strains and their entomotoxicity against Diatraea saccharalis (F.) and Diatraea flavipennella (Box) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Bioassays with Bt strains were performed against neonates to evaluate their lethal and sublethal activities and were further analyzed by PCR, using primers to identify toxin genes. For D. saccharalis and D. flavipennella, 16 and 18 strains showed over 30% larval mortality in the 7th day, respectively. The LC₅₀ values of strains for D. saccharalis varied from 0.08 × 10⁵ (LIIT-0105) to 4104 × 10⁵ (LIIT-2707) spores + crystals mL^?1. For D. flavipennella, the LC₅₀ values of strains varied from 0.40 × 10⁵ (LIIT-2707) to 542 × 10⁵ (LIIT-2109) spores + crystals mL^?1. For the LIIT-0105 strain, which was the most toxic to D. saccharalis, the genes cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1B, cry1C, cry1D, cry1F, cry1I, cry2Aa, cry2Ab, cry8, and cry9C were detected, whereas for the strain LIIT-2707, which was the most toxic to D. flavipennella, detected genes were cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1B, cry1D, cry1F, cry1I, cry2Aa, cry2Ab, and cry9. The toxicity data and toxin gene content in these strains of Bt suggest a great variability of activity with potential to be used in the development of novel biopesticides or as source of resistance genes that can be expressed in plants to control pests.     

Anionic polymers of the cell wall of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces</Emphasis> sp. VKM Ac-2534

The cell wall of Streptomyces sp. VKM Ac-2534, the causative agent of common scab in potato tubers, which does not synthesize thaxtomin and is phylogenetically close to phytopathogen Streptomyces setonii sp. ATCC 25497, contains two anionic carbohydrate-containing polymers. The major polymer is teichuronic acid, whose repeating unit is disaccharide → 4)-β-D-ManpNAc3NAcyA-(1 → 3)-α-D-GalpNAc-(1→, where Acy is a residue of acetic or L-glutamic acid. The polymer of such structure has been found in Gram-positive bacteria for the first time. The minor polymer is teichoic acid [1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate)], in which a part of the ribitol residues are glycosylated at C4 with β-D-Glcp and, probably, with β-D-GlcpNAc and some residues are O-acylated with Lys residues. The structures were proved by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. It is likely that the presence of acidic polysaccharides on the surface of the phytopathogenic streptomycete is necessary for its attachment to the host plant.