北票喇嘛洞墓地魏晋十六国时期人骨的错(牙合)畸形

本文选择辽宁北票喇嘛洞墓地魏晋十六国时期人骨中牙列较完整的个体进行了错He畸形的调查。初步探讨了我国魏晋十六国时期古代居民中错He畸形的发病情况,结果显示：1)辽宁北票喇嘛洞墓地魏晋十六国时期人骨错He畸形的患病率为42．53％;在错He个体中,前牙拥挤所占比例最大,为56．76％;在Angle氏错He分类中,AngleⅠ类所占比例最大,为70．27％;2)错He畸形的患病率性别差异无统计学意义;3)人类经济类型所决定的饮食结构的改变与错He畸形的发病原因有关系。     

成年人个别牙早失伴错(牙合)畸形修复前正畸治疗的临床观察

目的:探讨成年人个别牙缺失伴错牙合患者,通过正畸治疗校正错牙合后,修复治疗的疗效情况。方法:对16例成年人个别牙缺失致前牙散在间隙或伴有反牙合患者,采用直丝弓矫治技术进行修复前正畸治疗。结果:16例成年人个别牙缺失伴错牙合畸形的患者经过修复前正畸治疗后,再进行牙列缺损修复治疗,获得了令患者较为满意的疗效,外貌也得到了改善。结论:通过正畸、修复相结合的口腔综合治疗,可以有效地使便利体获得更加完善的口腔功能及美观效果。     

口腔正畸MIA技术对青少年安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者对龈沟液MMP-2表达水平的影响

目的:探讨口腔正畸微螺钉种植体支抗(Microscrew implant anchor,MIA)技术对青少年安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者对龈沟液基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix metalloproteinase,MMP)-2表达水平的影响。方法:2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日选择在本院诊治的青少年安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者86例,根据治疗方法把患者分为MIA组与对照组,各43例,对照组给予头帽口外弓支抗技术结合直丝弓矫治器治疗,MIA组给予MIA技术结合直丝弓矫治器治疗,检测龈沟液MMP-2表达水平变化情况。结果:MIA组正畸后6个月的总有效率为97.7%,显著高于对照组的81.4%(P<0.05)。两组正畸后6个月的SNA角、OB与OJ值低于正畸前,MIA组低于对照组(P<0.05),两组正畸前后SNB角在组内与组间对比差异都无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组正畸后6个月的龈沟液MMP-2值低于正畸前,MIA组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:口腔正畸MIA技术在青少年安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者的应用能抑制龈沟液MMP-2的表达,有利于改善患者的头颅与牙齿的X线指标,从而促进提高治疗效果。     

成年人个别牙早失伴错[牙合]畸形修复前正畸治疗的临床观察

目的：探讨成年人个别牙缺失伴错[牙合]患者,通过正畸治疗校正错牙合后,修复治疗的疗效情况。方法：对16例成年人个别牙缺失致前牙散在间隙或伴有反[牙合]夸患者,采用直丝弓矫治技术进行修复前正畸治疗。结果：16例成年人个别牙缺失伴错[牙合]畸形的患者经过修复前正畸治疗后。再进行牙列缺损修复治疗,获得了令患者较为满意的疗效,外貌也得到了改善。结论：通过正畸、修复相结合的口腔综合治疗,可以有效地使便利体获得更加完善的口腔功能及美观效果。     

河南渑池笃忠遗址仰韶晚期出土的人骨骨病研究

本文对河南省渑池笃忠遗址仰韶晚期灰坑出土人骨的骨病做了详细的观察.在牙病方面.对龋病、牙周病、牙釉质发育不全等情况做了记录和分析,应用两样本率差异的x2检验,比较了龋病在性别、年龄的差异.研究结果表明,笃忠组龋病的患齿率性别差异不显著,与年龄变化也没有明显的关系.此外,笃忠组人骨标本中还观察到错(牙合)畸形、骨瘤、退行...     

陕西西安市2235名学龄前儿童乳牙列错合畸形发病情况调查

目的:乳牙列错合畸形因为对恒牙列影响显著,近年来越来越多受到学者的关注.而近年来国内外与此相关的文献报道不多且数据老旧.本研究通过流行病学调查了解陕西西安市学龄前儿童乳牙列错合畸形发病情况.方法:由经培训的儿童口腔科专科医师评估受检儿童错合畸形发病情况同时明确口颌系统不良习惯同乳牙列儿童错合畸形发病率间的相关关系.卡方检验用于数据的进一步统计学分析.结果:2235名学龄前乳牙列儿童纳入调查样本,样本人群66.31％表现有一种或多种错合畸形.进一步统计学分析结果提示,吐舌、口呼吸、下颌前伸及吮指等不良习惯同错合畸形的发病呈正相关.结论:西安地区学龄前乳牙列儿童错合畸形的发病率较高.须给予早期关注并采取相关措施以降低其发病情况,同时制定相应的口腔公共健康政策以对疾病开展针对性预防干预措施从而达到早发现,早治疗的目的.     

矫治单侧后牙正锁(牙合)中微型钛钉种植支抗作用分析

目的:探讨矫治单侧后牙正锁(牙合)中微型钛钉种植支抗(MIA)作用。方法:选择应用钛钉MIA作为绝对支抗的错(牙合)畸形患者41例,选择11例单侧后牙正锁胎患者为研究对象,使用MIA压低伸长的上颌后牙,牵引舌侧倾斜的下颌后牙以矫正单侧后牙正锁胎。MIA植入部位为上颌后牙颊侧和腭侧根尖区,以及下颌后牙颊侧根尖牙槽间隔。观察植入术后钛钉周围组织的反应。结果:采用多部位植入钛钉TMIA、上下颌同时牵引的方法可有效矫正单侧后牙正锁(牙合),钛钉在治疗过程中保持稳定,其周围仅有轻微炎症。结论:作为骨性绝对支抗,MIA能有效压低上颌后牙,扶正舌倾的下颌后牙,矫正单侧后牙正锁(牙合)。     

山东广饶县中南世纪城墓地出土明代人骨的初步研究

本文对广饶县中南世纪城墓地出土的明代人骨进行了多方面的生物考古学研究,包括性别、年龄的分布,身高的复原以及古病理的观察。牙病方面,对龋病、牙釉质发育不全和错(牙合)畸形进行了观察记录,从性别、年龄、龋患程度及好发牙位等方面对该人群的龋患情况进行统计分析。研究结果表明,该人群牙齿患龋率不具备明显的性别差异,与年龄变化也无显著相关性,好发牙位多为臼齿。此外,还观察到多孔性骨肥厚、骨关节疾病等病理现象以及一处愈合较好的骨折创伤。     

四川短尾鼩六趾畸形一例

多指(趾)畸形为常见的手足先天性畸形,六指(趾)畸形属多指(趾)畸形中占多数的一种。已有的文献对人类多指(趾)畸形有诸多报道,并从不同的角度进行了探讨。但是,人类以外的哺乳动物六趾畸形尤其四川短尾鼩(Anourosorcx sguamipes Milne-Edwards)六趾畸形未见报道。笔者于2004年6月10日15点左右在西南师范大学校园大门处采到一食虫目动物。采集时天降小雨,该动物沿着有浅积水的墙边行走,四肢运动频繁但速度缓慢。带回实验室经鉴定为四川短尾鼩(见封3图版,1),照相时发现前脚异常,     

固定式局部开展间隙矫治个别前牙拥挤的初探：附四例病例报告

个别前牙拥挤是临床上常见的错(牙合)畸形,严重地影响美容,患者有迫切要求矫正的愿望。从1993年8月到1995年5月期间,笔者收治了四例个别前牙拥挤的病例,应用不拔牙,固定式局间开展间隙的方法,取得了满意的效果。 一、临床资料 男性1例,女性3例。年龄11—20岁。上前牙3例,下前牙1例。四     

新石器时代人骨颞下颌关节的研究

对宝鸡、华县新石器时代人骨22个成年个体的颞下颌关节进行研究。发现该时期人类中23％者存在髁状突和关节结节骨质的严重磨损、不对称磨损和不规则增生,认为这是由于强大的咀嚼压力所造成的继发性关节退行性变。颞下颌关节的测量结果表明,与现生人类相比较,新石器时代人类的髁状突较大,关节结节较高,关节凹较深,关节结节后斜面斜度较小,反映了人类进化过程中由于生活方式和口腔功能的改变颞下颌关节的变小和关节承压结构的减弱。     

线粒体全基因组揭示嫩江流域史前人群遗传结构的动态变化

嫩江流域是中国东北地区古代先民的重要栖息地之一。自新石器时代开始这里的先民一直以渔猎经济为主要生活方式,直到新石器时代晚期至早期青铜时代才开始兼营畜牧业和少量的种植业。嫩江流域青铜时代的生业模式的转变是否伴随着外来人群的融合与替代一直是考古研究的热点。为了探讨嫩江流域新石器时代与青铜铁器时代人群的构成是否改变,我们对嫩江流域新石器时代至青铜铁器时代的24个个体进行了线粒体全基因组分析。分析结果表明：嫩江流域青铜铁器时代人群与新石器时代人群具有一定遗传连续性的同时,晚期人群与西辽河地区古代人群有着更近的遗传联系,表明西辽河地区古代居民对嫩江流域青铜铁器时代人群具有部分遗传贡献。结合考古学文化、古气候学数据以及语言学证据,我们推测距今4000-3000年间,西辽河地区古代居民曾迁入到嫩江流域,并留下遗传印记。     

中国新石器时代居民体质类型及其承继关系

运用数理统计方法把我国新石器时代居民分为华南、华北两大类群,其中华北类群又可分为三个小类群。在人类发展过程中,南、北两群间及华北各类群间都发生过血缘混杂的过程。运用数理统计方法也可把我国旧石器晚期人类——山顶洞人和柳江人在体质特征上与我国新石器时代各组居民明显地区别开来。山顶洞人和柳江人分别代表我国旧石器晚期南北两个不同的地方类型。我国新石器时代居民的所谓澳大利亚—尼格罗人种或南亚人种特点可以追溯到我国旧石器时代晚期人类——柳江人、山顶洞人,这些特点是我国新石器时代组人类固有的特点,只不过在不同的类群中表现有所差异而已。     

应用古人骨的元素、同位素分析研究其食物结构

本文从原理和方法上对目前由人骨元素、同位素分析研究古人类食物结构的三个主要方面,即骨胶原碳十三、氮十五的分析,微量元素锶、钡分析以及同位素锶、铅的分析逐一做了介绍。在此基础上结合自己的工作将国内该研究领域中有关的研究现状和主要研究成果,特别是获得的新进展做了回顾和总结。     

中国古代人骨眶上孔和舌下神经管二分发生率的调查与日本人起源问题的讨论

通过对两千余中国古代人骨眶上孔和舌下神经管二分形态小变异发生率的调查 ,探讨中国古代人群与日本古代人群之间的关系 ,支持日本渡来系弥生人与中国大陆古代人群之间有着密切联系的观点。     

Tooth wear and dental pathology of the Bronze-Iron Age people in Xinjiang, Northwest China: Implications for their diet and lifestyle

Tooth wear and dental pathology related to diet and lifestyle were investigated in the human dental remains unearthed from three archaeological sites of Bronze Age and Iron Age in Xinjiang of northwest China, and in comparative samples from two Neolithic sites in Henan and Shanxi in central China along the Yellow River.Our results indicate that the average tooth wear on most tooth types in the three Xinjiang sites was close to those of the Neolithic samples from central China. The variation within the Xinjiang samples was also explored. Some special wear patterns such as severe wear on the first molar and relatively heavy wear of anterior teeth were observed on the specimens from the Xinjiang sites. Obvious differences in caries and antemortem tooth loss were found between Xinjiang and comparative samples with higher frequencies of caries observed in samples from central China and higher antemortem tooth loss in samples from the Xinjiang sites. Strongly developed exostoses (tori) were also identified on mandibles and maxillae of the specimens from Xinjiang.The authors believe that the differences in tooth wear and dental pathology between Xinjiang and central China were caused by differences in diet and lifestyle. Food of a harder texture was consumed by the people who lived in Xinjiang than by the people in Henan and Shanxi of central China. The higher occurrence of heavily worn anterior teeth and some other special wear patterns, antemortem tooth loss and presence of exostoses on jaw bones in Xinjiang suggest that the people in Xinjiang lived in a relatively harsh environment, frequently gnawing hard objects, or using teeth as some kind of tools. All these activities put masticatory organs under a heavy load. The differences in caries frequencies between the frontier and central areas of China indicate that food richer in carbohydrates was consumed by the people in the central areas.It is proposed that about 3000-2000 years BP in many areas of frontier Xinjiang, people mainly relied on the type of hunter-gatherer economy with agriculture playing a smaller role in their lifestyle.     

中国新石器时代居民体征类型初探

应用聚类分析的方法研究中国新石器时代居民体征类型。作者认为他们同属一个大人种——蒙古人种(即黄色人种)。依照他们体征间的差异,可以分为三个地区类型:1)中原地区类型;2)华南地区类型;3)关中地区类型。这些地区类型形成的时间可能是在较新石器时代为早的时候。     

Animal resources and subsistence strategies

Several faunal assemblages excavated in deposits of different antiquity (from Lower Paleolithic to Bronze Age), located in Northern, Central and Southern Italy, were studied from the archeozoological and taphonomic point of view. Data obtained by different Authors allow reconstruction of subsistence strategies adopted by prehistoric humans in these areas and through time, in particular as far as the exploitation of animal resources is concerned. The following assemblages were considered: Isernia La Pineta (Molise; Lower Paleolithic), Grotta Breuil (Latium; Middle Paleolithic), Grotta della Ghiacciaia (Verona; Middle Paleolithic), Riparo di Fumane and Riparo Tagliente (Verona; Middle and Upper Paleolithic), Riparo Mochi (Liguria; Upper Paleolithic), Grotta della Continenza (L'Aquila; Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic), Grotta dell'Edera (Trieste; Mesolithic and Neolithic), Grotta della Cala at Marina di Camerota (Salerno; Eneolithic), Contraguda (Sassari; Neolithic), Castellaro Lagusello (Mantova; Bronze Age). Exploitation of the vegetal resources has been analyzed in the Neolithic sites of Colle Santo Stefano (Fucino), Settefonti (L'Aquila) and Catignano (Pescara).     

Observations of dental diseases among prehistoric populations of Hungary

The incidence of dental disease among people in developing countries today raises questions about the variation in the oral health of prehistoric populations. Considering these questions, we offer observations describing several types of dental disease which occurred among certain prehistoric populations of Hungary. The dental remains of 162 individuals recovered from seven sites of the Neolithic, Copper, and Bronze Age periods were examined for evidence of caries, hypoplasia, and periodontal disease. Appropriate methods were used to describe and record these dental lesions. The incidence of dental caries was low by comparison to other prehistoric agriculturists except for two forms of root caries: cervical and cemental. These types accounted for 68% of all the carious teeth recorded. Enamel hypoplasia was also lower than expected, occurring on only 4% of the total number of teeth. Periodontal abscesses were rare but other milder forms of periodontal lesions were frequent. Alveolar bone resorption occurred in varying degrees and followed the expected age distribution. The few exceptions were children or adolescents whose crania had other lesions suggesting a mineral metabolic disturbance. The lower incidence of enamel caries is likely due to high fluoride ingestion which also may have influenced the expression of enamel hypoplasia. No clear population trends were seen in dental disease incidence except for cemental caries which were found among Copper and Bronze Age remains.     

内蒙古察右前旗庙子沟新石器时代颅骨的人类学特征

本文所报道的１７例新石器时代人类颅骨出土于内蒙古自治区右前旗的庙子沟遗址,其年年代相当于仰韶文化晚期阶段。对该组颅骨的观察和测量结果表明,庙子沟新石器时代居民的体质特征与现代东亚蒙古人种最为接近。