ERRATA

p. 183, footnote, for vittabus read vittatus p. 210. alternatus ... This entry is out of alphabetical order,and should follow after alsiosus ...     

ERRATA

June Number: p. 276, last line, for 9–16 read 9–12. p. 279, l. 16, for Pterocera amantia read Pterocera aurantia.      

Corrections

Vol. 30, parts 1 and 2 page 45, line 7 for "Canyon" read "Cayman". page 46 line 27for "2G; 7.xi.l937" read "36; 2.vi.l938". page 50 line 5 for "31" read "27". delete "dredged at 3 &metres". page 50 line 32 for "26; 7.xi.l937" read "30; 2.vi.l938". page 53 line 6 for "19.x.l937" read "8.v.l938". page 10, line 35, for "niiudula" read nitidula. page 21, figure 29, for "L. 8248" read "L. 82482". page 61, line 12, for "holotype (B.M. 43100)" read "syntypes(B.M. 43106, L. 82350)". page 64, line 23, for "Coriopsis" read "Cordiopsis". p. 64, lines 34 and 3G, for "lyell" read "lyellii". page 76, line 37, "Rzymowska 1914" should follow "Taylor (1900)"in line 36. page 77, line 43, for "Xerotrhicha" read "Xerotricha". page 87, line 1, for "twelve" read "ten". page 90, lines 44 and 45, for "marginal (M)" read "lateral",and for "two lateral teeth (L₁ L₂)" read "two marginal teeth".In figure 2, for "esehalent" read "exhalent". pp. 123, 125, 127, 129, headings, for "Pseudoneptunia" read"Pseudoneptunea" p. 124, line 34, for "highgatenis" read "highgatensis". p. 125, The locality of the Sedgwick Museum specimens C. 12891of Siphonalia ferroviae should be given as Titchfield, Hants.,and not as Portsmouth Dock.     

ERRATA

Effects of coupled solute and water flow in plant roots withspecial reference to Brouwer's experiment. Edwin L. Fiscus. p. 71 Abstract: Line 3 delete ‘interval’ insert‘internal’. p. 73 Materials and Methods: line 6: delete ‘diversion’ insert ‘division’ line 9 equation should read J_v=L_p P–RT(C⁰–C¹). 74 Last line of figure legend: 10^–1 should read 10^–11. 75 Line 11: delete ‘seems’ insert ‘seem’. le 1 column heading—10⁶ should read 10¹¹. 77 delete ‘...membrane in series of...’ insert ‘membranein series or...’ Delete final paragraph.     

ERRATA

On page 235, Table I: Equation (1) for Node 4 should read ‘A/A_c=0·840+0·0006A_c’;Equation (2) for Node 4 should read ‘A=0·89A_c’and Equation (2) for Node 5–10 should read ‘A=0·813A_c’.     

Effects of algal concentration, bacterial size and water chemistry on the ingestion of natural bacteria by cladocerans

Journal of Plankton Research, 11, 1273–1295, 1989. The values of P/U⁰ (Table I) and fluid velocity used to calculatethe energy required for sieving (pp. 1289–1290) and severalequations (footnote b of Table I; p. 1290, lines 3–4)are incorrect. The corrected table appears below: Table I. Filter setule measurements (mean and within specimenstandard deviation) of the gnathobases for the cladocerans studied^aGnathobaseof trunklimb number. ^bP = 8µU₀/(b(1 – 21nt + 1/6(t²) - 1/144(t⁴))), whereP = pressure drop in dyn cm^–2, =3.1416, U₀ = fluid velocityin cm s^–1, b = distance between setule centres in cm,t = ( x setule diameter)/b and µ = 0.0101 dyn s^–1cm^–2. Formula from Jørgensen (1983). The text (p. 1289, line 19 to p. 1290, line 10) should read: organism. Using a similar argument, a 0.5 mm Ceriodaphnia witha filter area of 0.025 mm² (Ganf and Shiel, 1985) and pressuredrop P = 2757 dyn cm^–2 (with fluid velocity of 0.07 cms^–1) allocates only 2171 ergs h^–1 to filtrationof a total energy expenditure of 10⁴ ergs h^–1 [filtrationenergy (ergs h^–1) = area (cm²) x pressure drop (dyn cm^–2)x 3600 (s h^–1) x 1/0.2 (efficiency of conversion of biochemicalinto mechanical work); total energy (ergs h^–1) = respiration(0.05 µl O₂ ind^–1 h^–1 consumed; Gophen, 1976)x conversion factor (2 x 10⁵ ergs µl^–1 O₂). Withan estimated 0.034 mm² in filter area, fluid velocity of 0.041cm s^–1 and respiration of 1.8 x 10⁴ ergs h^–1 (calculatedfrom Porter and McDonough, 1984), a 0.5 mm Bosmina uses <4%of its metabolism to overcome filter resistance. The velocities used in the original examples (0.4 cm s^–1for Ceriodaphnia, 0.2 cm s^–1 for Bosmina) were derivedfrom literature values of appendage beat rate and estimatesof the distance travelled by the appendages during each beatcycle. This approach unnecessarily assumes that all water movedpasses through the filter. In the new calculations, the flowacross the filter needed for food to be collected by sieving(0.07 cm s^–1 for Ceriodaphnia and 0.041 cm s^–1 forBosmina) was determined from the maximum clearance rate/filterarea. The amended energy expenditures, although higher, do notrefute the sieve model of particle collection.     

Seasonal and interannual variability of chlorophyll a and primary production in the Equatorial Atlantic: in situ and remote sensing observations

The seasonal variability of phytoplankton in the EquatorialAtlantic was analysed using Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor(SeaWiFS)-derived chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration data from1998 to 2001, together with in situ Chl a and primary productiondata obtained during seven cruises carried out between 1995and 2000. Monthly averaged SeaWiFS Chl a distributions werein agreement with previous observations in the Equatorial Atlantic,showing marked differences between 10° W in the EasternTropical Atlantic (ETRA) and 25° W in the Western TropicalAtlantic (WTRA) provinces (Longhurst et al. 1995. J. PlanktonRes., 17, 1245–1271). The seasonal cycle of SeaWiFS-derivedChl a concentration calculated for 0–10° S, 0–20°W (ETRA) is consistent with in situ Chl a measurements, withvalues ranging from 0.16 mg m^–3, from February to April,to 0.52 mg m^–3 in August. Lower variability was observedin 10° N–10° S, 20–30° W (WTRA) whereminimum and maximum concentrations occurred in April (0.15 mgm^–3) and in August (0.24 mg m^–3), respectively.A significant empirical relationship between depth-integratedprimary production and in situ measured sea surface Chl a wasfound for ETRA, allowing us to estimate the seasonal cycle ofdepth-integrated primary production from SeaWiFS-derived Chla. As for Chl a, this model was verified in a small area ofthe Eastern Equatorial Atlantic (0–10° S, 0–20°W), although in this instance it was not completely able todescribe the magnitude and temporal variability of in situ primaryproduction measurements. The annual euphotic depth-integratedprimary production rate estimated for ETRA by our empiricalmodel was 1.4 Gt C year^–1, which represents 16% of theopen ocean primary production estimated for the whole AtlanticOcean.     

A Dynamic Equation for Plant Interaction and Application to Yield-density-time Relations

On p. 527 the legend for Table 2 should read: TABLE 2. Measured and simulated dry matter production (g m^–2)of Wimmera ryegrass. Data from Donald (1951) and sentence 7 in the text should read: Measured yields (averaged over four replicates and convertedto g m^–2), simulated yields and estimated parameters aregiven in Table 3. On p. 528 the legends for Tables 4 and 5 should read: TABLE 4. Measured and simulated dry matter production (g m^–2)of maize. Data from Tetio-Kagho and Gardner (1988) TABLE 5. Measured and simulated dry matter production (g m^–2)of lucerne. Data from Jarvis (1962), averages of four replicates,planted at two different dates in two successive years and sentence 1 should read: The maximum biomass production (A) of 113 g m^–2 of f.wt.corresponds with 6.3 g m^–2 of dry matter.     

Irradiance and daylength effects on growth and chemical composition of Gyrodinium aureolum Hulburt in culture

For Gyrodinium aureolum significant irradiance and daylengtheffects were found on the division rate and on the growth-relevantChla-normalized photosynthetic rate (^gP^B). Optimum conditionsof irradiance and daylength were found at 230 µmol m^–2s^–1 and 14 h for the division rate, and at >260 µmolm^–2 s^–1 and <6 h for ^gP^B.^gP^B showed no photoinhibition,while the division rate decreased markedly at irradiances abovesaturation. This difference and the difference in optimum irradiancebetween the division rate and ^gP^B are explained by a decreasein cellular Chla/carbon ratio with increasing irradiance. Thecellular content of carbon and nitrogen decreased significantlywith increasing irradiance. Total phosphorus was independentof irradiance and daylength. Below the saturation irradiancefor ^gP^B the daily Chla-normalized carbon yield may be describedas an exponential function of the daily irradiance (irradiancex daylength).     

ERRATA

p. 1, 1. 23, for Specimens read Specimens. p. 58, last line, for 15th March, read 13th March. p. 60, 1. 2, for Toredo read Teredo. p. 141, 1. 35, for Plates I and II read Plates 13 and 14. p. 142, 1. 3, for Plate 4 read Plato 16. p. 142, 1. 4, for Plate 4, 5, read Plate 16, 5.      

ERRATA

p. 136, 1. 25, for bombayana (Melvill) read bombayana (Sowerby). p. 138, 1. 24, for Trophora read Triphora. p. 255, 1. 6, for 1853 read 1856.      

CORRECTIONS, VOLUME 29

Part 1, under the frontispiece portrait of Dr. N. B. Eales,the words ‘President 1948–1951’ should havebeen added. Page 103, line 49, for ‘Newton Collection’ read‘Norman Collection (Canon Norman)’. 185, line 37, for ‘capillaris’ read ‘capillacca’. 188, Table 1, for ‘bemoralis’. read ‘nemoralis’. 188, Table 2, for ‘Cochlicella acuta (Müll)? ventrosa(Fér.)’ read ‘Cochlicella ventrosa (Fér.)’. 191, line 24, for ‘araheo-’ read ‘archeo-’.     

Comparison of east and west chlorophyll a standing stock and oceanic habitat along the Transition Domain of the North Pacific

Chlorophyll (Chl) a was measured every 10 m from 0 to 150 min the Transition Domain (TD), located between 37 and 45°N,and from 160°E to 160°W, in May and June (Leg 1) andin June and July (Leg 2), 1993–96. Total Chl a standingstocks integrated from 0 to 150 m were mostly within the rangeof 20 and 50 mg m^–2. High standing stocks (>50 mg m^–2)were generally observed westof 180°, with the exceptionof the sporadic high values at the easternmost station. Thetotal Chl a standing stock tended to be higher in the westernTD (160°E–172°30'E) than in the central (175°E–175°W)and eastern (170°W–160°W) TD on Leg 1, but thesame result was not observed on Leg 2. It was likely that largephytoplankton (2–10 and >10 µm fractions) contributedto the high total Chl a standing stock. We suggest that thehigh total Chl a standing stock on Leg 1, in late spring andearly summer, reflects the contribution of the spring bloomin the subarctic region of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Thedistribution of total Chl a standing stock on Leg 2 was scarcelyaffected by the spring phytoplankton bloom, suggesting thattotal Chl a standing stock is basically nearly uniform in theTD in spring and summer. Moreover, year-to-year variation inthe total Chl a standing stock was observed in the western TDon Leg 1, suggesting that phytoplankton productivity and/orthe timing of the main period of the bloom exhibits interannualvariations.     

CORRIGENDA

M. I. BAXTER and R. H. NISBET. Features of the nervous systemand heart of Archachatina revealed by the electron microscopeand by electrophysiological recording. Proc. malac. Soc. Lond.35, 167–177. p. 169, line 3. For (Amoroso et al., 1953) read (Amoroso etal., 1963). p. 176, References 1 and 2. For (In press) read (In preparation). Plates 18 to 31. Read magnification of Plate 18 as x 4200, andthat of remaining plates to nearest 1000.     

ERRATA

WARBURG, M. R., 1965. On the water economy of some Australianland snails. Proc. malac. Soc. Lond. 36, 297–305. Page 298: second line from bottom, should read ‘within± 1 µg for Themapupa’. Page 300: Fig. 2 legend, should read ‘Evaporative waterloss from Sinumelon remissum (a), Pleuroxia sp. (b) and Themapupaadelaidae (c)’. Page 300: section 4 heading, should read ‘Continuous curvesfor water loss’. Page 301: second line, for ‘Fig. 9’ read ‘Fig.3’. Page 301: Table 1, last line, for ‘0.120024’ read‘0.12024’. Present address: Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona,Israel.     

The presence of chlorophyll b and the estimation of phaeopigments in marine phytoplankton

A reverse-phase h.p.l.c. technique was used to estimate theconcentration of chlorophyll b in phytoplankton cultures, fecalpellets of Calanus pacificus, and suspended paniculate matterfrom the Central North Pacific, Oregon coastal waters, and DabobBay (a temperate fjord in Puget Sound, WA, USA). The purposewas to assess the distribution of this pigment in the euphoticzone and its effect on the fluorometnc estimation of phaeopigments.Analyses of natural waters confirm high chlorophyll b concentrations(median mass ratio of b:a > 0.3) at the depth of the chlorophylla maximum in tropical waters while values for temperate planktonare relatively low (median mass ratio of chl b:a = 0.05) andpatchy. Zooplankton fecal pellets showed a significant enrichmentin chlorophyll b, suggesting grazing as a mechanism to explainhigh concentrations of this pigment at the bottom of the euphoticzone. It is estimated that the presence of chlorophyll b couldcause an average overestimation of phaeopigment concentrationby the fluorometnc technique of 38% between 0 and 200 m in theCentral North Pacific. This effect is more pronounced at thelayer of chlorophyll b maximum (120–140 m). ¹Present address: Marine Biology Research Division, A-002, ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA     

A simplified strong ion model for acid-base equilibria: application to horse plasma

Constable, Peter D. A simplified strong ion model foracid-base equilibria: application to horse plasma. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 297-311, 1997.TheHenderson-Hasselbalch equation and Stewart's strong ion model arecurrently used to describe mammalian acid-base equilibria. Anomaliesexist when the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is applied to plasma,whereas the strong ion model does not provide a practical method fordetermining the total plasma concentration of nonvolatile weak acids([A_tot]) and theeffective dissociation constant for plasma weak acids(K_a). Asimplified strong ion model, which was developed from the assumptionthat plasma ions act as strong ions, volatile buffer ions(HCO₃), or nonvolatile buffer ions,indicates that plasma pH is determined by five independent variables:PCO₂, strong ion difference, concentration of individual nonvolatile plasma buffers (albumin, globulin, and phosphate), ionic strength, and temperature. The simplified strong ion model conveys on a fundamental level the mechanism for change in acid-base status, explains many of the anomalies when the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is applied to plasma,is conceptually and algebraically simpler than Stewart's strong ionmodel, and provides a practical in vitro method for determining[A_tot] andK_a of plasma.Application of the simplified strong ion model toCO₂-tonometered horse plasmaproduced values for[A_tot] (15.0 ± 3.1 meq/l) and K_a(2.22 ± 0.32 × 10⁷ eq/l) that weresignificantly different from the values commonly assumed for humanplasma ([A_tot] = 20.0 meq/l, K_a = 3.0 × 10⁷ eq/l).Moreover, application of the experimentally determined values for[A_tot] andK_a to publisheddata for the horse (known PCO₂,strong ion difference, and plasma protein concentration) predictedplasma pH more accurately than the values for[A_tot] andK_a commonlyassumed for human plasma. Species-specific values for[A_tot] andK_a should beexperimentally determined when the simplified strong ion model (orstrong ion model) is used to describe acid-base equilibria.

     

On the microparticles which pass through glass fiber filter type GF/F in coastal and open waters

The chlorophyll a content of nicroparticles which passed throughglass fiber filters Whatman type GF/F but were retained on 0.2µm Nuclepore membranes was analyzed on a weekly basisover the course of 1 year in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Depth profileswere also obtained at four oceanic stations off the islandsof Maui and Molokai, Hawaii. Experimental evidence indicatedthat these microparticles were photosynthetically active. Theproportion of microparticulate chlorophyll a could be up to35% of picoplankton chlorophyll a (2.0–0.2 µm sizerange) retained on a single pass through a 0.2 p.m Nucleporefilter. The filtrate from both GFIF and 0.2µm Nucleporefilters was found to contain chlorophyll a which could be retainedon a subsequent pass through either 0.2 µm Nuclepore orGF/F filters. Only serial filtration can ensure that essentiallyall picoplankton have been filtered from the water when eitherof these types of filters is used.