葡萄糖和维生素C对普安银鲫卵黄囊仔鱼ACC、FAS及CPTⅠ活性的影响

本试验旨在探究普安银鲫(Carassius auratus )卵黄囊仔鱼发育过程中ACC、FAS及CPT I活性变化及葡萄糖和维生素C溶液分别浸泡对它们的影响。采用酶学方法研究了普安银鲫卵黄囊仔鱼过程中ACC、FAS及CPT I活性变化的变化特点。结果显示：在卵黄囊仔鱼发育过程中,对照组与维生素C组中ACC和FAS活性呈上升趋势,CPT I活性呈“下降-上升”变化趋势,而葡萄糖组ACC、FAS及CPT I活性均呈上升趋势,且3种酶的活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。维生素C组ACC活性在内源营养期显著高于对照组,FAS活性在混合营养期和外源营养期显著高于对照组,CPT I活性在内源营养期和外源营养期显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明：ACC、FAS及CPT I在维持普安银鲫卵黄囊仔鱼发育中脂质代谢的动态平衡起着重要作用,15g/L的葡萄糖溶液可通过调节仔鱼体内脂质代谢酶的活性而形成新的脂质代谢水平,以满足仔鱼生长发育需要;而30mg/L的维生素C对维持仔鱼发育中体内正常的脂质代谢具有重要作用。     

维生素C对普安银鲫早期发育中氧化损伤及总抗氧化能力的影响

本实验旨在探究普安银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)早期发育过程中氧化损伤程度和总抗氧化能力的变化,及添加维生素C(Vc)后对它们的影响。采用生化方法测定了普安银鲫早期发育过程中丙二醛(MDA)含量、蛋白质羰基(PCA)含量、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。(1)30 mg/L的Vc溶液中仔鱼孵化率和成活率最高,分别高出对照组(Vc浓度为0 mg/L)16.2%和17.8%;(2)普安银鲫早期发育过程中丙二醛、蛋白质羰基含量及乳酸脱氢酶活性均呈"升高-降低"的趋势,均在原肠中期达到最高,总抗氧化能力逐渐增加;(3)30 mg/L的Vc组中丙二醛、蛋白质羰基含量及乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著低于对照组(P0.05),总抗氧化能力显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结果表明,(1)普安银鲫胚胎期受到的氧化损伤比胚后严重;(2)适宜浓度的维生素C能提高胚胎及仔鱼的抗氧化能力,有效降低胚胎及仔鱼受到的氧化损伤,提高其孵化率及存活率。     

雅砻江短须裂腹鱼胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的形态发育

当前短须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax wangchiachii)已被列为雅砻江和金沙江的增殖放流保护鱼类,为探讨两水系的环境差异对其早期发育产生的影响,本文以雅砻江短须裂腹鱼为研究对象,通过人工授精获得受精卵,对胚胎和早期仔鱼的形态发育特征进行了观察,并与已有报道的金沙江短须裂腹鱼胚胎与仔鱼早期发育研究进行比较。研究结果显示,雅砻江短须裂腹鱼卵径(2.70±0.02)mm,较金沙江短须裂腹鱼大0.34 mm;初孵仔鱼全长(11.36±0.22)mm,比金沙江短须裂腹鱼长2.7 mm;在水温(14±1)℃时,两水系的短须裂腹鱼胚胎发育时序基本一致,但听囊等部分功能器官的发育时序存在差异;胚胎发育历时181 h,积温2 539.98 h℃,分别比金沙江短须裂腹鱼早73 h和低1 025 h℃;出膜后1~9 d,仔鱼的鳃、口、胸鳍、尾鳍、鳔、肠道等功能器官先后形成,第9天卵黄囊吸收基本完全,与金沙江短须裂腹鱼一致。比较表明,两水系短须裂腹鱼早期发育特征基本相同,但卵径大小、孵化历时、部分器官发育时序存在一定差异,可能是二者为适应环境而做出不同的选择。     

饥饿对银鲫血液组分和卵巢发育的影响

对银鲫 (Carassiusauratusgibelio)进行投喂、饥饿 (1～ 4周 )、饥饿投喂 (饥饿 2周再投喂 2周 )处理后 ,测定其血液组分和卵巢发育的指标。结果表明 :饥饿处理后银鲫血液中血糖、甘油三酯的含量显著降低 ;红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和胆固醇含量先显著降低 ,随后回升到投喂组水平 ;在饥饿过程中白细胞的数量、红细胞的长短径、红细胞沉降率和总蛋白均无明显变化。饥饿投喂处理的银鲫血液中红细胞数量、甘油三酯和胆固醇含量与投喂组无差异 ,但血糖含量仍显著低于投喂组 ,而白细胞数和血红蛋白含量显著高于投喂组。饥饿 4周延缓了银鲫卵巢发育 ,其性腺成熟系数和卵径均显著低于投喂组 ;饥饿投喂组的性腺成熟系数和卵径仍显著低于投喂组。分析说明饥饿阻碍了银鲫的卵巢发育 ,而饥饿对银鲫血液组分的影响在再投喂后得到恢复。     

葡萄糖和维生素C对镇海林蛙蝌蚪生长及其三种酶活性的影响

营养源对动物生长发育具有重要作用。本文采用静水实验浸泡法探究葡萄糖和维生素C对镇海林蛙(Rana zhenhaiensis)蝌蚪生长及其苹果酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶及淀粉酶活性的影响。在葡萄糖实验组共分为0.5、1.0和2.0 g/L三个浓度组,维生素C实验组共分为10.0、20.0和30.0 mg/L浓度组,另设1组加曝气水作为对照组。在葡萄糖实验组中,蝌蚪存活率在不同实验组间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。变态时间在0.5 g/L和1.0 g/L实验组最短,分别为(43.0±4.0)d和(43.0±3.4)d,2.0 g/L实验组最长,为(46.2±5.4)d,且实验组间差异显著(P <0.05)。变态时,0.5 g/L实验组的体重和体全长最大,且各实验组间的体重差异显著(P <0.01),但体全长差异不显著(P> 0.05)。增重率在0.5 g/L实验组最高,为(9.67±1.71)mg/d,对照组最低,为(7.54±1.22)mg/d,且各实验组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。维生素C实验组中,存活率在各实验组间差异不显著(P> 0.05)。所有实验...     

雌核发育银鲫和两性融合彩鲫卵母细胞体外诱导成熟过程中周期蛋白合成和MPF活性变化的比较研究

采用体外诱导卵母细胞成熟技术 ,比较研究了雌核发育银鲫和两性融合发育彩鲫卵母细胞成熟过程中周期蛋白合成和MPF活性变化情况。结果表明 :1 7α ,2 0 β 二氢孕酮(简称DP)浓度为 0 5μg/ml,温度为 2 4℃ ,光照时间 2 0小时为最适诱导条件。在相同条件下 ,两性生殖彩鲫卵母细胞体外诱导成熟速度明显快于银鲫。相应的细胞学研究表明 ,在体外诱导时 ,银鲫和彩鲫卵母细胞的发育成熟是正常的。银鲫卵母细胞生发泡破裂 (GVBD)时已有周期蛋白的合成 ,但生发泡破裂开始后则呈现合成速度下降直至没有合成的现象。尽管如此 ,卵母细胞中MPF活性却仍保持继续增强之势 ,至GVBD达1 0 0 %时 ,活性最强。而在两性融合发育彩鲫卵母细胞成熟过程中 ,周期蛋白的合成呈现出由较多到无 ,再逐渐到多的变化。GVBD开始时 ,周期蛋白合成较多 ,此后则急剧下降至几无周期蛋白的合成 ,以后随着成熟诱导的进行 ,周期蛋白的合成速度又缓慢回升至GVBD开始时的状态。与此相对应 ,MPF活性也出现从较强变无 ,再逐渐增至最强的变迁。这些结果初步揭示 ,鱼类卵母细胞中周期蛋白的合成和MPF活性的出现与卵母细胞的成熟分裂密切相关 ,雌核发育银鲫卵母细胞生发泡破裂开始以后 ,周期蛋白合成的消失可能与其特殊的三极纺锤体形成及其后的动力     

NaCl盐度和NaHCO3碱度对松浦镜鲤、方正鲫的孵化及其仔鱼存活的影响

研究了NaCl盐度(0、1、3、5、7、9)和NaHCO3碱度(1.00 mmol/L、10.00 mmol/L、15.85 mmol/L、25.12 mmol/L、39.81 mmol/L、63.10 mmol/L)对松浦镜鲤(Cynipus carpio)与方正鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)的孵化率、畸形率以及仔鱼24 h和48 h存活率的影响。1盐度实验结果,松浦镜鲤在盐度为0、1时,受精卵的孵化率较高,平均为72.40%±6.09%;在盐度0~3时,孵出仔鱼畸形率较低,平均为6.02%±1.87%,48 h存活率较高,平均为94.99%±6.44%。方正鲫在盐度0~3时,受精卵的孵化率较高,平均为68.03%±15.44%;在盐度0~5时,孵出仔鱼畸形率较低,平均为7.95%±3.24%,48 h存活率较高,平均为88.52%±9.19%。2碱度实验结果,这两种鱼的孵化率在碱度1.00~25.12 mmol/L时较高,松浦镜鲤平均为47.96%±8.43%,方正鲫平均为66.23%±18.11%。畸形率在碱度1.00~15.85 mmol/L范围内较低,松浦镜鲤平均为12.47%±3.77%,方正鲫平均为12.46%±8.44%。48 h存活率在碱度1.00~15.85 mmol/L时较高,松浦镜鲤平均为96.16%±5.04%,方正鲫平均为85.62%±3.73%。综合各项指标,松浦镜鲤和方正鲫人工孵化用水建议盐度控制在3以内,碱度控制在15 mmol/L以内。     

牛奶和维生素C对肝脏影响的实验性研究

目的　为了观察牛奶和维生素C饮料对肝脏的影响。方法　用健康小白鼠 30只 ,分为 3组 ,A组 (正常对照组 )、B组 (牛奶组 )、C组 (维生素C组 )各 10只。经 14天喂养后 ,断头处死 ,取肝右叶用组织化学和酶组织化学方法 ,观察PAS反应、SDH、ATPase、ChE以及ACP的变化。结果　结果为A组PAS反应、SDH为强阳性 ( ) ,ChE为中等阳性 ( )。B组ChE、ATPase为阳性 ( )。C组SDH、PAS反应以及ATPase为中等阳性 ( )。 3个组的ACP均为弱阳性 (± )。结论　提示高糖、高蛋白可明显提高肝的功能活动 ,而标准食物佐以维生素C有益于肝脏的功能活动。     

外源维生素C及冬眠对中华鳖稚鳖生长、维生素C合成和肝脏维生素C含量的影响

本文研究了饲料中维生素C(Vc)对中华鳖稚鳖冬眠前后Vc合成能力及肝脏中Vc含量的影响。将体重为29.41g±5.44g的稚鳖180只,按其饲料中Vc含量(0、500、2500mgVc/kg饲料)分为Vc0、Vc500和Vc2500共3组,每组6个平行,每平行10只鳖。实验开始前称重得各组初始平均体重。25℃±1℃下用实验饲料饲喂4周后,缓慢降温至7℃,人工诱导其进入冬眠,此时为冬眠期开始,每组取6只鳖,称重后快速处死,取其肝脏和肾脏。其余鳖全部称重。冬眠8周末取样,处理同上。用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定肝脏Vc含量和肝脏、肾脏古洛糖酸内酯氧化酶(GLO)活力。结果发现中华鳖自身能够合成Vc,且合成部位在肾脏。饲喂4周不同Vc水平的饲料后,各组间特定生长率差异不显著。冬眠8周后,各组体重均有所降低,组间冬眠期间特定生长率无显著性差异。冬眠开始时,稚鳖肝脏Vc蓄积量有随外源Vc浓度升高而递增的趋势,但差异未达到显著性水平;经历冬眠后各组稚鳖肝脏Vc含量降低,Vc500组下降不显著,而Vc0与Vc2500组显著下降;肾脏GLO活力在不同Vc梯度组间及冬眠前后均无显著差异。以上结果表明:中华鳖冬眠过程中要消耗较多的肝脏Vc,外源Vc和冬眠对肾脏Vc合成能力影响不显著。     

饲料中不同维生素C含量对长吻鮠的影响

用维生素C含量为38、364 和 630 mg /kg 的三种饲料饲喂初体重为23.19±0.58g的长吻鮠8个月,实验结果表明,38mg/kg Vc饲料组饲喂的长吻鮠表现出了典型的Vc缺乏症状：体色发黑,脊椎侧弯,鳍边由开始的萎缩直到腐烂;贫血;特定生长率显著降低（p＜0.05）。并且38mg/kg Vc饲料组长吻鮠的生理指标也受到影响：血清溶菌酶活性显著下降（p＜0.05）;肝脏的SOD活性及MDA含量均显著升高（p＜0.05）;血清皮质醇没有显著差异（p>0.05）;但各处理组长吻鮠肝脏中均未检测到诱导型HSP70的存在。因此,相对于皮质醇和HSP70,血清溶菌酶、肝脏SOD活性、肝脏MDA含量以及血液理化指标（血红细胞数及血红蛋白）更能反映出Vc缺乏下长吻鮠的生理状态。     

Population-related molecular responses on the effect of pesticides in Carassius auratus gibelio

The aim of this study was to evaluate population-related peculiarities of the adaptive responses of Carassius auratus gibelio. In order to do this, male specimens from polluted (B) and clean (Z) sites were exposed to commercial pesticides thiocarbamate Tatoo (9.1 μg·L(-1)and 91 μg·L(-1)) or tetrazine Apollo (2 μg·L(-1) and 10 μg·L(-1)) during fourteen days. The control fish from site B was distinguished by weakness of antioxidant defence (measured from superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, redox index of glutathione (GSH), superoxide anion (O(2)) and lipid peroxidation levels), imbalance of the concentrations of protein metallothionein (MT-SH) and MT-related metals (MT-Me) and neurotoxicity. Differences in glutathione-S-transferase activity in the liver and vitellogenin-like proteins in the serum were also showed between B and Z control groups. Common effects of pesticides were related to a decrease in GSH, an increase in O(2) production, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity and hepatosomatic index. Apollo provoked particular elevation of MT-SH/MT-Me ratio. Population-related difference in the response was the activation of antioxidant defence in fish from site B and its inhibition in fish from site Z. The genotoxic effect of exposures was more expressed in fish from site B. Principal component analysis combine all exposed groups from site Z and control group from site B in one set, and separated each exposed group from site B. The main distinguishing index of each population selected by classification and regression tree analysis was MT-SH.     

恩诺沙星对银鲫急性毒性及血液生化指标的影响

为了解恩诺沙星对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)的急性毒性及血液生化指标的影响,评价恩诺沙星对异育银鲫的安全性.本实验研究了恩诺沙星对异育银鲫的急性毒性,并观察了恩诺沙星在不同剂量下对异育银鲫血液生化指标的影响.实验结果表明,恩诺沙星对异育银鲫的半数致死剂量为1 949.84 mg/kg,安全剂量为194.98 mg/kg.当恩诺沙星以常规给药剂量(20 mg/kg)连续口灌异育银鲫30 d时,异育银鲫的血清总蛋白含量、谷丙转氨酶含量、谷草转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶含量与对照组没有显著变化;而当恩诺沙星以40 mg/kg、80 mg/kg、160 mg/kg、320 mg/kg的剂量连续口灌异育银鲫30 d时,异育银鲫的血清谷丙转氨酶含量较对照组分别增加了23％、30％、46％、86％ (P ＜0.05),血清谷草转氨酶含量较对照组分别增加了37％、42％、69％、86％(P＜0.05).本研究确定了恩诺沙星对异育银鲫的安全剂量,证实了恩诺沙星引起异育银鲫出现肝功能失调的剂量范围,对恩诺沙星在异育银鲫养殖中的安全使用提供了科学依据,也证实常规给药剂量(20 mg/kg)的恩诺沙星不会导致异育银鲫出现肝损伤.     

水产用聚维酮碘对异育银鲫养殖的安全性评价

评价水产用聚维酮碘对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养殖的安全性,为其在异育银鲫养殖中的安全应用提供了重要的科学依据,本研究参照国家标准及相关法规,在观察了聚维酮碘对小球藻(Chlorella sp.)生长抑制作用、对水产益生菌抑菌效果以及对大型蚤(Daphnia magna straus)、斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)和异育银鲫的急性毒性的基础上,分析其对异育银鲫及其养殖水体主要有害理化因子的影响.实验结果表明,聚维酮碘在终浓度为6.00 ～ 14.00 mg/L时对小球藻生长具有促进作用,对小球藻的半数抑制浓度大于14.00 mg/L,对水产益生菌的最小抑菌浓度为128～512 mg/L,对大型蚤、斑马鱼的半数致死浓度分别为13.44 mg/L、17.63 mg/L.此外,聚维酮碘对异育银鲫的半数致死浓度为74.77 mg/L,而且在养殖水体中加入聚维酮碘至终浓度为0.20 ～ 1.40 mg/L后14 d内,随着聚维酮碘浓度的增加,各浓度组异育银鲫养殖水体的氨氮含量、亚硝酸盐含量均缓慢下降.本研究证实聚维酮碘低毒,但考虑到其可能对异育银鲫养殖水体中大型蚤等浮游动物存在潜在影响,建议其在异育银鲫养殖中的安全应用浓度应不高于1.34 mg/L,在该安全应用浓度内不会引起养殖水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐等有害因子含量的增加.     

Effects of heparin infusion on plasma lipoproteins in subjects with lipoprotein lipase deficiency: Evidence for a role of hepatic endothelial lipase in the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein subfractions in man

The role of heparin-releasable hepatic endothelial lipase (HL) in human plasma lipoprotein metabolism was investigated by examining the effects of intravenous infusion of heparin (180 units/kg over 2 h) in 8 subjects with primary extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase deficiency. In addition to reducing the triglyceride concentration in very low-density lipoproteins, heparin-induced release of HL reduced the phopholipid and protein concentrations in the HDL₂ subclass of high-density lipoprotein (by 28% and 36% respectively, mean values) and simultaneously increased the HDL₃ phospholipid concentration (by 23%), providing the first in vivo evidence for a function of HL in the interconversion of the major HDL subfractions in man.     

Genetic differentiation among Greek lake populations of Carassius gibelio and Cyprinus carpio carpio

The genetic structure of the Western Greece lake populations of Carassius gibelio and Cyprinus carpio carpio populations was characterized by using a PCR-based RFLP and sequencing analysis of mitochondrial rDNA genes and regions (16S rDNA, cytochrome b and D-loop). Our analysis was able to detect: (a) two haplotypes in C. c. carpio populations and two haplotypes in C. gibelio populations (b) a high nucleotide divergence between the two species and (c) two genetically distinct C. gibelio populations, one existing in the Amvrakia habitat (AMV1) with a second in Ozeros and Trichonida (OZE1 and TRI1) habitat. The present analysis indicates that genetic diversity observed was limited with a haplotype index between 0.0 and 55.6%, and a nucleotide diversity within and among populations between 0.0 and 1.27%. It also underlines a restricted mtDNA-based evaluation of the phylogenetic relationships among C. gibelio and C. c. carpio populations. In addition, the present study contributed knowledge on the genetic variation and structure of these populations which is absolutely necessary for any efficient fish management and/or conservation programme.     

异育银鲫GABAB受体1亚基cDNA部分序列的克隆及表达分析

为了确定γ-氨基丁酸B受体（gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor,GABA_BR）基因在异育银鲫（Carassius auratus gibelio）不同组织中的表达,本实验分别对异育银鲫不同组织中GABA_BR1基因进行RT-PCR扩增,并进行了克隆和测序,在与GenBank基因库中已知GABA_BR1序列进行同源性比对的基础上采用邻接法构建系统发育树,并进一步分析其在异育银鲫不同组织内的表达水平。经克隆获得异育银鲫GABA_BR1基因CDS区序列383 bp,编码127个氨基酸。荧光定量PCR结果显示,GABA_BR1基因在异育银鲫脑、肝、肾、心、肠、鳔、鳃、肌、尾鳍、脾、卵巢、精巢组织中均有表达,且在不同组织中的表达水平由高到低依次是：脑>尾鳍>精巢>心、肠、鳔>卵巢、脾、鳃、肌>肝、肾。本研究证实了GABA_BR1基因在异育银鲫各组织中表达的广泛性,且有明显的组织特异性。     

Genistein and daidzein modulate hepatic glucose and lipid regulating enzyme activities in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice

This study examines whether anti-diabetic effects of genistein and daidzein are mediated by hepatic glucose and lipid regulating enzyme activities in type 2 diabetic animals. Male C57BL/KsJ-lepr(db)/lepr(db) (db/db) mice and age-matched non-diabetic littermates (db/+) were used in this study. The db/db mice were divided into control, genistein (0.02%, w/w) and daidzein (0.02%, w/w) groups. The blood glucose and HbA(1c) levels were significantly lower in the genistein and daidzein groups than in the control group, while glucose tolerance only was significantly improved in the genistein-supplemented group. The plasma insulin and C-peptide levels did not differ significantly between groups, yet the glucagon level was lower in the genistein and daidzein groups compared to that in the control db/db or db/+ group. The genistein and daidzein supplements increased the insulin/glucagon ratio in the type 2 diabetic animals. While the hepatic glucokinase activity was significantly lower in the db/db control group, the glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activities were significantly higher in the control group compared to the db/+ group. Interestingly, these hepatic glucose metabolizing enzyme activities were reversed by the genistein and daidzein supplementation in db/db mice compared to the control group. The hepatic fatty acid synthase, beta-oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase activities were all significantly lower in the genistein and daidzein groups than in the control group. The genistein and daidzein supplements also improved the plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol, free fatty acid and hepatic triglyceride concentrations in the db/db mice. These results suggest that genistein and daidzein exert anti-diabetic effect in type 2 diabetic conditions by enhancing the glucose and lipid metabolism.     

Effects of ketamine on glucose uptake by glucose transporter type 3 expressed in Xenopus oocytes: The role of protein kinase C

We investigated the effects of ketamine on the type 3 facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT3), which plays a major role in glucose transport across the plasma membrane of neurons. Human-cloned GLUT3 was expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injection of GLUT3 mRNA. GLUT3-mediated glucose uptake was examined by measuring oocyte radioactivity following incubation with 2-deoxy-d-[1,2-³H]glucose. While ketamine and S(+)-ketamine significantly increased GLUT3-mediated glucose uptake, this effect was biphasic such that higher concentrations of ketamine inhibited glucose uptake. Ketamine (10 μM) significantly increased V_max but not K_m of GLUT3 for 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Although staurosporine (a protein kinase C inhibitor) increased glucose uptake, no additive or synergistic interactions were observed between staurosporine and racemic ketamine or S(+)-ketamine. Treatment with ketamine or S(+)-ketamine partially prevented GLUT3 inhibition by the protein kinase C activator phorbol-12-myrisate-13-acetate. Our results indicate that ketamine increases GLUT3 activity at clinically relevant doses through a mechanism involving PKC inhibition.