琴叶榕的组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　琴叶榕 (Ficuslyrata)。2　材料类别　嫩叶。3　培养条件　以MS为基本培养基。愈伤组织诱导和芽分化培养基 :( 1 )MS + 6 BA 1 .0mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) +IAA 0 .1。丛芽增殖培养基 :( 2 )MS + 6 BA 0 .3;( 3)MS + 6 BA 0 .5 ;( 4 )MS + 6 BA 1 .0。诱导生根培养基 :( 5 ) 1 /2MS +IBA 0 .1 +AC(活性炭 ) 30 0。以上培养基均加 0 .6%卡拉胶 ,除培养基( 5 )加 2 %蔗糖外 ,其它加 3%蔗糖 ,pH 5 .8～ 6.0。培养温度 2 8～ 32℃ ,光照度 1 5 0 0～ 2 0 0 0lx ,光照时间 1 0～ 1 2h·d- 1 。4　生长与分化情况4.1　愈伤…     

玛咖的愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

1植物名称玛咖(Lepidium meyenii). 2材料类别种子(秘鲁新世纪有限公司提供). 3培养条件以MS为基本培养基.愈伤组织诱导培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA0.5;分化培养基:(2)MS 6-BA 4.0 NAA 0.5;生根培养基:(3)1/2MS NAA 0.5.以上培养基中均加入3%蔗糖、0.7%琼脂,pH 5.6～5.8.温度(25±2)℃,光照时间10～12 h·d-1,光照度为2000～2500 lx.     

卧牛的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称卧牛(Gasteria armstrongii). 2材料类别侧芽.供试植株来源于日本カクタヌ专门家联盟. 3培养条件(1)启动培养基:MS 6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.2;(2)分化培养基:MS 6-BA2.0 KT 1.0 PVP 2 g·L-1;(3)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 1.0 KT 0.5 PVP 1 g·L-1;(4)复壮与生根培养基:1/2MS NAA 0.2.以上培养基均加入3%蔗糖、0.7%琼脂,pH 6.0.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照时间8 h·d-1,光照度为2 000 lx.     

北海道黄杨的组织培养

1　植物名称　北海道黄杨 (Euonymusjaponicuscv .“CuZhi”)。2　材料类别　茎尖和带腋芽的茎段。3　培养条件　 ( 1 )启动培养基 :MS + 6 BA 2 .0mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) +NAA 1 .0。 ( 2 )分化和继代培养基 :MS + 6 BA 4.0 +NAA 1 .0。上述培养基均添加 3%蔗糖、0 .6%琼脂。 ( 3)生根培养基 :1 / 2MS +IBA 0 .3～ 0 .5 ,添加 2 %蔗糖、0 .6%琼脂。培养基pH值为 6.0 ,培养温度 ( 2 7± 2 )℃ ,光照度 20 0 0lx ,光照时间 1 2h·d- 1 。4　生长与分化情况4.1　外植体来源　在冬季或春季萌芽前取北海道黄杨幼树基部的一年生硬枝 ,用…     

刺云实的组织培养

1　植物名称　刺云实 (Caesalpiniaspinosa)。2　材料类别　种子苗的茎尖、叶、茎、子叶、下胚轴和根等各切段。3　培养条件　基本培养基为改良的MS培养基。分化丛芽培养基的附加成分为 :( 1 ) 6 BA 0 .5～ 1 .5mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) ;( 2 ) 6 BA 0 .5 +NAA 0 .2 ;( 3)6 BA 0 .5 +IAA 0 .0 5。芽条先经 0 .1 3mol·L- 1 的NAA处理 8h ,然后接种在 1 /2MS +NAA 0 .2的生根培养基上。培养室温度为 2 5℃左右。每天照光 1 0h ,光照度为 2 0 0 0lx。4　生长与分化情况　　因刺云实外种皮坚硬 ,透水透气性能差 ,一般不易发芽。在种脐处…     

柳兰的组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　柳兰 (Chamaenerionangustifoli um)。2　材料类别　带茎节的茎段。3　培养条件　芽诱导培养基 :MS + 6 BA 2mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) +IBA 0 .5 +LH(水解乳蛋白 ) 5 0 0 ;增殖培养基 :MS + 6 BA 0 .5 +IBA 0 .1 ;生根培养基 :1 / 2MS +NAA 0 .1。培养基附加 0 .8%琼脂、3%蔗糖 ,pH值为 5 .6～ 5 .8。培养温度为( 2 0± 2 )℃ ,光照时间 1 4h·d- 1 ,光照度 1 60 0lx。4　生长与分化情况4.1　不定芽的诱导　选当年生的幼嫩枝条 ,在流水中冲洗 2h后 ,剪成 3cm长茎段 ,用滤纸吸去多余的水分 ;在超净工作台上用 70 %的酒精…     

杜鹃兰的组织培养与植株再生

1植物名称杜鹃兰(Cremastra appendiculata). 2材料类别自然条件下杜鹃兰种子萌发形成的原球茎. 3培养条件基本培养基为MS.(1)无菌材料的建立培养基:MS NAA 0.2 mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 6.0 NAA 0.3;(3)分化培养基:MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA 0.3;(4)生根培养基:1/2MS NAA 0.5.以上培养基均附加2%蔗糖、0.8%琼脂粉和0.2%活性炭,pH 5.8.培养温度为(25±1)℃,光照时间12 h·d-1,光照度为1500l x.     

袋鼠花的组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　袋鼠花 (Anigozanthosflavidus) ,又名袋鼠藤。2　材料类别　茎尖、幼嫩的茎段。3　培养条件　以MS为基本培养基。丛生芽诱导培养基 :( 1 )MS + 6 BA 2mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) +NAA 0 .2 ;( 2 )MS + 6 BA 1 .5 +NAA 0 .2 ;( 3)MS+ 6 BA 0 .5 +IBA 0 .2。增殖培养基 :( 4 )MS + 6 BA 1 +NAA 0 .2。生根培养基 :( 5 ) 1 / 3MS +IBA0 .1～ 0 .5 + 0 .7%琼脂粉 + 0 .5 %活性碳 + 1 .5 %蔗糖 ;( 6) 1 / 2MS +NAA 0 .5。除培养基 ( 5 )外 ,其它均加 3%的蔗糖。培养基 ( 1 )～ ( 4 )琼脂含量均为0 .7%。pH 5 .8。培养…     

山椒的组织培养与快速繁殖

1　植物名称　山椒 (Zanthoxylyumpiperitum)。2　材料类别　带腋芽的嫩茎 (tenderstemwithbuds)。3　培养条件　诱导分化培养基 :( 1 )MS + 6 BA2 .0mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) +NAA 0 .1。增殖培养基 :( 2 )MS + 6 BA 1 .0 +NAA 0 .1 +谷氨酰胺 ( glu tamine) 1 0 0 ;( 3)MS + 6 BA 0 .5 +NAA 0 .0 5 +IBA0 .0 5 +谷氨酰胺 1 0 0。壮苗培养基 :( 4 )MS。上述培养基均含 3%蔗糖 (canesugar)、0 .8%琼脂 (a gar) ,pH 5 .8。生根培养基 :( 5 ) 1 / 4MS(大量元素1 / 4) +IAAl.0 +KT 0 .0 1 ;( 6)l/ 4MS +IBA 2 .0。培养基 ( 5 )和…     

屋顶长生花的离体培养和植株再生

1植物名称屋顶长生花(Sempervivum tectorum). 2材料类别叶片. 3培养条件基本培养基为MS培养基.(1)诱导愈伤组织培养基:MS 2,4-D 2.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA 2.0;(2)诱导分化培养基:MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA0.2 GA3 0.4;(3)继代增殖培养基:MS 6-BA0.3～4;(4)生根培养基:1/2MS NAA 0.2 IAA 1.0 0.3%活性炭.以上培养基均加入0.8%琼脂、4.5%蔗糖,pH 5.8.培养温度为(21±1)℃,光照度2500lx,光照时间14 h·d-1.     

蒟蒻薯的组织培养及植株再生

1　植物名称　薯 (Ｔａｃｃａｃｈａｎｔｒｉｅｒｉ) ,又名箭根薯、老虎须、黑蝴蝶等。2　材料类别　种子或茎尖。3　培养条件　种子萌发培养基 :( 1 ) 1 /2ＭＳ ;( 2 )ＭＳ。芽诱导及增殖培养基 :( 3)ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ 3.0～5 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) +ＮＡＡ 0 .3～ 0 .0 5 ;( 4 )ＭＳ+ 6 ＢＡ 2 .0～ 1 .0 +ＫＴ 2 .0～ 1 .0 +ＮＡＡ 0 .0 5。生根培养基 :( 5 )ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ 0 .5 +ＩＢＡ 0 .3;( 6)1 /2ＭＳ +ＩＢＡ 0 .5。以上培养基均附加 0 .7%琼脂 ,ｐＨ 5 .4～ 5 .6。培养基 ( 1 )、( 2 )、( 6)的糖用量为 2 0ｇ·Ｌ- 1 ;培养…     

箭根薯种子的贮藏与萌发

就温度、光照和土壤水分对箭根薯 (TaccachantrieriAndre )种子萌发的影响及种子贮藏条件进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,箭根薯种子是需光性种子 ,萌发温度较窄且要求有较充分的土壤水分 ,其萌发的最适宜温度为 2 5～ 30℃ ,最适宜土壤水分为 6 0 %～ 70 %;室温干燥贮藏比室温常规贮藏效果好 ,而高温高湿和低温高湿都导致其发芽率迅速下降。箭根薯种子耐脱水、耐低温和耐贮藏 ,可以用种子库常规的种子保存技术实现长期保存。研究认为 ,目前箭根薯的濒危状态既有物种自身的原因也有生境破坏的原因 ,该物种宜采取就地保护、迁地保护和种子保存相结合的方法进行种质资源保存。     

New glycosides of the campesterol derivative from the rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri

Seven new glycosides of the campesterol derivative (24R,25S)-ergost-5-ene-3beta,26-diol (1-7) were isolated from the rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri (Taccaceae). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR data, and a few chemical transformations.     

Spirostanol saponins from the rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri and their cytotoxic activity

The rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri have been analysed for steroidal saponin constituents, resulting in the isolation of four new spirostanol saponins (1-4), along with one known saponin (5); their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR, and the results of hydrolytic cleavage. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells.     

The phylogeographic history of the self-pollinated herb Tacca chantrieri (Dioscoreaceae) in the tropics of mainland Southeast Asia

The geological and climatic oscillations influenced the geographic distribution and demography of most present-day species, but few studies have investigated evolutionary history of species adapted to the tropical regions of Southeast Asia. Here, using sequence datasets obtained from three chloroplast DNA fragments (trnH-psbA, trnS-trnG, and trnL-F) from 320 individuals belonging to 24 natural populations, we investigated the phylogeographical history of Tacca chantrieri, which inhabits Southeast Asian tropical forests. Although relatively high level of differentiation among the populations were observed, mismatch distribution and neutrality tests showed no evidence of recent demographic population expansion. Phylogenetic inference exhibited two identified population groups showing a disjunctive distribution of dominant haplotypes. The split in cpDNA was largely consistent with the Tanaka line and Red River geographically. Molecular clock estimations revealed that the two lineages diverged during Pleistocene approximately 1.16 Ma. Therefore, the disjunct distribution of T.chantrieri could be explained by both the vicariance caused by Red River as well as ecological barriers caused by the different monsoon climates (Southwest monsoon vs. Southeast monsoon) that developed during the Pleistocene. The Tanaka line can be considered as a climatically driven barrier that influenced present-day plant dispersal.     

Predicting mating patterns from pollination syndromes: the case of "sapromyiophily" in Tacca chantrieri (Taccaceae)

Tacca, a genus of tropical herbs, possesses near black flowers, conspicuous involucral bracts and whisker-like filiform bracteoles. These features have been assumed to function as a "deceit syndrome" in which reproductive structures resemble decaying organic material attracting flies that facilitate cross-pollination (sapromyiophily). We investigated pollination and mating in Tacca chantrieri populations from SW China to evaluate this assumption. Contrary to this expectation, populations were highly selfing. Pollinator visitation was infrequent and bagged flowers set abundant seed. Pollen loads on stigmas indicated autonomous self-pollination, some of which occurred prior to flower opening. The seed set of inflorescences with bracts and bracteoles removed was not significantly different from unmanipulated inflorescences, suggesting that these structures play a limited role in pollinator attraction, at least at our study sites. Pollen : ovule ratios averaged 49, a value expected in a highly selfing species. Selfing rates estimated in four populations using allozyme markers averaged 0.86 (range 0.76-0.94), thus corroborating this inference. Our results indicate that despite considerable investment in extravagant display, populations of T. chantrieri are highly selfing. We propose several hypotheses to resolve this paradox and argue that future studies of pollination syndromes would benefit by investigation of both pollination and mating biology.     

Genetic diversity and geographic differentiation in Tacca chantrieri (Taccaceae): an autonomous selfing plant with showy floral display

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite considerable investment in elaborate floral displays, Tacca chantrieri populations are predominantly selfing. It is hypothesized that this species might possess considerable spatial or temporal variation in outcrossing rates among populations. To test this hypothesis, genetic variability and genetic differentiation within and among T. chantrieri populations were investigated to find out if they are in agreement with expectations based on a predominantly inbred mating system. METHODS: Genetic diversity was quantified using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) in 303 individuals from 13 populations taken from known locations of T. chantrieri in China, and from one population in Thailand. KEY RESULTS: Of the 113 primers screened, 24 produced highly reproducible ISSR bands. Using these primers, 160 discernible DNA fragments were generated, of which 145 (90.62 %) were polymorphic. This indicated considerable genetic variation at the species level. However, there were relatively low levels of polymorphism at population levels, with percentages of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranging from 8.75 % to 55 %. A high level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on different measures (Nei's genetic diversity analysis: G(ST) = 0.5835; AMOVA analysis: F(ST) = 0.6989). Furthermore, based on levels of genetic differentiation, the 14 populations clustered into two distinct groups separated by the Tanaka Line. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of differentiation among populations and low levels of diversity within populations at large spatial scales are consistent with earlier small-scale studies of mating patterns detected by allozymes which showed that T. chantrieri populations are predominantly selfing. However, it appears that T. chantrieri has a mixed-mating system in which self-fertilization predominates, but there is occasional outcrossing. Significant genetic differences between the two distinct regions might be attributed to vicariance along the Tanaka Line. Finally, possible mechanisms of geographic patterns based on genetic differentiation of T. chantrieri are discussed.