辣椒多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因CaPG的克隆与序列分析

以耐贮辣椒品系P98为材料,采用RACE方法,首次获得辣椒果实多聚半乳糖醛酶(PG)基因的全长cDNA,命名为CaPG,登录号为FJ596175.序列分析结果表明,该基因cDNA长1 668 bp,5′非编码区为119 bp,3′非编码区为442 bp,CDS长1 107 bp,编码368个氨基酸.Blast比对发现,该基因核苷酸序列与已报道的番茄和番木瓜PG基因具有84%和85%的相似性.聚类分析表明,该基因与番茄和番木瓜的亲缘关系较近,与拟南芥PG基因的亲缘关系较远.     

白桦肌动蛋白(Actin)基因全长cDNA克隆与序列分析

以白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk.)次生木质部为材料,用改良CTAB方法提取总RNA。根据植物肌动蛋白(Actin)基因编码区的保守序列设计引物后进行RT-PCR,并采用RACE技术扩增出Actin基因全长序列。该基因cDNA全长1 785 bp,序列分析表明,该基因编码区1 134 bp,编码377个氨基酸,5′非编码区157 bp,3′非编码区495 bp。所得序列与GenBank中注册的其它植物肌动蛋白核苷酸序列的相似性均在80%以上,氨基酸序列的相似性高达96%以上。此基因已在GenBank注册（EU588981）。根据高等植物肌动蛋白相似性构建了进化树,表明白桦肌动蛋白与蓖麻肌动蛋白之间的亲缘关系最为密切,在进化中分化时间最为接近。     

金花茶查尔酮合成酶基因全长克隆与序列分析

利用RT-PCR和RACE方法,从我国珍稀植物金花茶(Camellia nitidissima)花瓣中获得了查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)基因的cDNA全长,命名为Cn-CHS,GenBank登录号HQ269804.碱基序列分析表明,Cn-CHS全长1 454bp,包含77 bp的5'非翻译区、207 bp的3'非翻译区和一个长为1 170 bp编码389个氨基酸的开放阅读框.氨基酸序列分析显示该基因编码的蛋白具有CHS家族保守存在的所有功能活性位点和特征性多肽序列.氨基酸序列比对分析表明,CnCHS与蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、茄科等植物的CHS相似性都在92%以上;与山茶科山茶属物种山茶(C.japonica)CHS完全一致;与茶(C.sinensis)CHS相似性达99%,有5个氨基酸位点存在差异,其中包括一个功能性位点.     

百合ACC氧化酶基因全长cDNA的克隆及序列分析

以亚洲百合Polyanna(Liliumspp.)花瓣为材料,根据已报道的百合ACC氧化酶基因片段设计1对末端扩增特异引物,采用RACE方法,获得百合ACC氧化酶基因的全长cDNA(GenBank登录号为EU296623).该cDNA全长1 152 bp,具有一个954 bp的开放阅读框,编码318个氨基酸.Blast搜索结果显示,百合ACC氧化酶基因核苷酸序列与其它植物已报道的ACC氧化酶基因具有71%~82%的相似性,氨基酸序列有70%~87%的相似性,聚类分析表明,与单子叶植物百合科郁金香首先聚类,其次与双子叶植物聚类,最后与单子叶禾本科和兰科植物聚类.     

绞股蓝鲨烯环氧酶基因的克隆与序列分析

根据已报道植物鲨烯环氧酶(squalene epoxidase,SE)基因cDNA序列的保守区域设计引物,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术,对绞股蓝SE基因进行克隆及序列分析.结果表明,绞股蓝SE基因cDNA全长为1 818 bp,编码一个由525个氨基酸残基组成的多肽.绞股蓝SE基因编码的氨基酸序列中含有52.4%的非极性疏水性氨基酸,26.1%极性中性氨基酸,9.0%酸性氨基酸,12.6%碱性氨基酸.Blast结果显示,绞股蓝SE基因核苷酸序列与其他已报道的植物SE基因相似性为73%～82%,推导的氨基酸序列相似性为63.2%～79.4%.SE氨基酸序列进化分析发现,绞股蓝SE与绿珊瑚、拟南芥亲缘关系较近.     

牡丹PsCS基因的克隆及序列分析

以牡丹品种‘赵粉’(Paeonia suffruticosa L.cv.‘Zhao Fen’)为试材,采用RT-PCR和RACE方法从雄蕊中获得了一个牡丹柠檬酸合成醇(citrate synthase,CS)基因cDNA全长,命名为PsCS,GenBank登录号为HQ449568.其cDNA全长1 564 bp,包含75 bp的5’非编码区、73 bp的3 '非编码区和一个长度为1 416 bp编码471个氨基酸的开放阅读框.序列比对和系统进化分析表明,PsCS与葡萄的亲缘关系最近,相似性达89.4％以上.     

柑橘果糖激酶基因的克隆及表达

植物果糖激酶(FRK)在果糖磷酸化中起重要作用.通过PCR技术从温州蜜柑(Citrus unshiu Marc.)基因组中扩增得到编码果糖激酶基因的2个基因组DNA片段,分别命名为Cufrk1、Cufrk2,利用RT-PCR从果实中分离到了与Cufrk1外显子序列一致的cDNA序列,并通过RACE技术分离到这个基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为CuFRK1(GenBank号:AY561840).Cufrk1与Cufrk2编码氨基酸序列相似性为68%.CuFRK1 cDNA全长为1 459 bp,5'端和3'端的非翻译区分别为167 bp和239 bp,该序列含有一个完整的开放读码框,编码350个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量约为37.5 kD,等电点为5.03,含有2个果糖激酶糖特异结合域及3个ATP结合域,其氨基酸序列与其他植物中已分离的果糖激酶基因相似性在62%～78%.Northern分析显示,CuFRK1(Cufrk1)与Cufrk2在柑橘幼叶、发育初期果实中表达量较高,在果皮和茎中不表达,在花瓣及成熟果实中表达模式有一定差异.酶活性分析表明,果实中的果糖激酶活性随果实的发育而降低,同时,果实中的果糖不断积累,在果实整个发育过程中果糖含量与果糖激酶活性呈极显著负相关.     

羊草OEE1基因的克隆及盐胁迫下的表达

从羊草(Leymus chinensis )叶片cDNA文库中克隆得到可能编码33 kD的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)外周蛋白(oxygen-evolving enhancer protein1,OEE1)全长cDNA(GenBank登录号为EF583851),命名为LcOEE1.序列分析结果表明,该cDNA全长1 107 bp,5′非编码区为32 bp,3′非编码区为71 bp,编码区长987 bp,编码328个氨基酸.BALSTp比对发现,该基因氨基酸序列与已报道的小麦和水稻中的OEE1序列具有95%和94%的相似性.聚类分析表明,该基因与小麦和水稻的亲缘关系较近,与拟南芥和菠菜OEE1基因的亲缘关系较远.Northern杂交结果表明,在200 mmol/L的NaCl处理7 d的幼叶中,OEE1 mRNA的表达量明显高于未处理的对照,说明羊草中OEEl基因受盐诱导.     

糜子抗旱节水相关基因PmMYB的克隆及表达分析

根据在糜子抗旱节水分子基础研究中获得的一个糜子MYB基因的EST序列, 以其序列及水稻MYB18基因的序列为基础设计引物, 扩增得到1 739 bp的全长基因组序列。序列分析表明, 其包含121 bp(347~467 bp)和93 bp(599~691 bp)的两个内含子, 3个外显子; 全长cDNA序列为1 525 bp, 其中3′非翻译区为212 bp, 5′非翻译区为41 bp, 编码区为1 272 bp, 共编码424个氨基酸, C-端存在一个丝氨酸(Ser, S)丰富区。该基因具有两个典型的MYB类转录因子基因的DNA结合区(DNA-binding domain), 分别为13~63、66~114位氨基酸, 属于典型的R2R3-MYB转录因子。对其与水稻、玉米、火炬松、拟南芥、辣椒、陆地棉、大麦及茄子等9种植物的MYB基因的R2、R3重复区的氨基酸序列多重比较, 表明R2R3重复序列在植物中具有较高的保守性; 基于氨基酸序列的编码区系统进化树分析表明, 不同植物的MYB基因遗传分化很大, 序列相似性为32%~84%, 其中糜子MYB基因与水稻的MYB18相似程度最高(84%), 与大麦和玉米的相似性分别为46%和41%。通过半定量RT-PCR对其表达模式分析表明, 该基因在水分胁迫和干旱后复水条件下上调表达, 与糜子抗旱节水紧密相关。该基因的克隆为进一步探讨利用该基因改良其他植物的抗旱节水性奠定了良好的基础。     

星星草cDNA文库构建和金属硫蛋白(MT-1)基因的克隆

以受NaHCO3胁迫后的星星草叶片组织为材料构建了cDNA文库,文库的初始滴度为2.0×106pfu,重组率为95%,平均插入片段长度为0.8kb,扩增后文库的滴度为4.0×109pfu.mL-1.文库克隆随机测序获得了星星草的金属硫蛋白(MT-1)基因的全长cDNA序列,显示文库中含有一定量的全长基因.MT-1基因全长622bp,其中5'非翻译区57 bp,3'非翻译区343 bp,开放读码框长222 bp,编码73个氨基酸,氨基酸序列中具有植物MT-1蛋白特有的金属响应元件(MRE)序列,MT-1蛋白的分子量为7.814 kD,理论等电点为4.72.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.