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1.
目的:探索马兜铃水提液对斑马鱼胚胎的致畸作用和心脏毒性.方法:分别用不同浓度的马兜铃水提液和马兜铃酸A(AA)处理斑马鱼胚胎,观察致畸作用和对心脏发育影响.结果:给药组的斑马鱼胚胎出现畸形和死亡;当水提液中AA含量为0.5 μg/mL时,胚胎心率明显减慢;AA含量为5μg/mL时,胚胎在24~48 hpf之间全部死亡;水提液的LC50为1.43 μg/mL.结论:与AA相比,马兜铃水提液对斑马鱼胚胎有着更强的致畸和心脏毒性,且毒性作用具有时间和浓度依赖性. 相似文献
2.
本课题研究了不同添加物质对香烟烟雾水溶物引起的蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响。结果表明亚硒酸钠、烟酰胺、绿茶浸出物和维生素C均能显著降低由香烟烟雾水溶物引起的微核率,上述物质可能具有减轻吸烟引起的遗传毒性损伤的作用。此外,本文还对上述结果的意义进行了讨论。 相似文献
3.
目的观察香烟烟雾和脂多糖对大鼠肺组织Hsp70表达的影响。方法48只成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组:健康对照30d组、健康对照3个月组、单纯薰香烟30d组、单纯薰香烟3个月组、单纯气管注入脂多糖组、薰香烟30d加气管注入脂多糖组,每组8只。采用SABC免疫组化法观察Hsp70在各组大鼠肺组织中的表达。结果(1)健康对照30d组、健康对照3个月组、单纯薰香烟30d组、单纯薰香烟3个月组Hsp70阳性产物的平均吸光度值分别为0·194±0·027,0·189±0·025,0·339±0·049,0·147±0·033。单纯薰香烟30d组与健康对照组30d相比大鼠肺组织Hsp70水平显著升高(P<0·05);单纯薰香烟3个月组与健康对照3个月组相比大鼠肺组织Hsp70水平显著降低(P<0·05);单纯薰香烟3个月组与单纯薰香烟30d组相比大鼠肺组织Hsp70水平显著降低(P<0·05)。(2)健康对照30d组、单纯气管注入脂多糖组、薰香烟30d加气管注入脂多糖组Hsp70阳性产物的平均吸光度值分别为0·194±0·027,0·285±0·059,0·143±0·024。单纯气管注入脂多糖组与健康对照30d组相比大鼠肺组织Hsp70水平显著升高(P<0·05);薰香烟30d加气管注入脂多糖组与健康对照30d组相比大鼠肺组织Hsp70水平显著降低,差异具有显著性(P<0·05);薰香烟30d加气管注入脂多糖组与单纯气管注入脂多糖组相比大鼠肺组织Hsp70水平显著降低(P<0·05)。结论香烟烟雾或脂多糖短期暴露使大鼠肺组织Hsp70表达升高;香烟烟雾长期暴露或香烟烟雾与脂多糖短期联合暴露使大鼠肺组织Hsp70表达降低。提示Hsp70可能与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发病有一定关系。 相似文献
4.
本文研究了不同浓度的香烟烟雾水溶物对蚕豆根尖细胞微核的诱变作用,结果表明, 上述水溶物能够引起蚕豆根尖细胞微核率发生敏感性变化,提示蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术可作为一种香烟遗传毒理学检垛方法使用。此外,还对使用该方法的意义以及添加VE对香烟烟雾水溶物微核率的影响进行了讨论。 相似文献
5.
研究发现妊娠糖尿病是影响胚胎发育的重要致畸因素之一,患糖尿病孕妇的胎儿发生先天畸形风险性较非糖尿病孕妇胎儿高3-5倍,糖尿病妊娠导致心血管系统、神经系统的先天畸形严重影响胎儿及新生儿的生存质量。本实验分离孕9.5d的SD大鼠胚胎,采用体外全胚培养技术研究葡萄糖对胚胎发育的影响。实验分组:1.正常对照组, 相似文献
6.
目的:探讨人参皂甙Rb1(GRb1)对香烟烟雾诱导的大鼠神经细胞凋亡和细胞内Ca^2±浓度的影响。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠48只,随机分为对照组、吸烟组和GRb1组,每组16只。吸烟组和GRbI组连续吸烟12周制作吸烟大鼠模型,期间每周给予GRb1组和吸烟组大鼠分别腹腔注射40mg/kg的GRb1和等量生理盐水,对照组不做任何处理。提取大鼠大脑皮层组织,TUNEL法检测各组细胞凋亡情况,荧光分光光度法检测细胞内Ca^2±浓度变化情况。结果:TUNEL法检测表明,未经香烟烟雾处理的对照组大鼠大脑皮层细胞自然凋亡率为2.54±0.92个/视窗。连续吸烟12周,吸烟组大鼠大脑皮层细胞凋亡率较对照组显著升高,达20.62±2.13个/视窗(q=35.72,P〈0.01)。GRb1组细胞凋亡率虽也有增加,为11.48±2.37个/视窗,明显低于吸烟组(q=15.39,P〈0.01)。对照组、吸烟组和GRb1组大鼠大脑皮层细胞内Ca^2±浓度分别为236.62±12.52ng/L、636.37±18.63ng/L和353.61±13.72ng/L.GRb1组Ca^2+浓度显著低于吸烟组(q=54.73,P〈0.01)。结论:GRb1对吸烟大鼠脑损伤的保护作用可能与抑制细胞内的Ca^2+超载、降低香烟烟雾诱导的神经细胞凋亡有关。 相似文献
7.
白消安(1,4-二甲磺酸丁酯)是目前在治疗慢性嗜中性粒细胞白血病和骨髓移植中使用最广泛的一种摄生体,因为它在临床上的重要作用,其胚胎毒性长期以来一直是医生们关注的焦点。本研究的目的是评估白消安在斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼早期发育过程中的毒理作用,包括胚胎毒性和致畸效应。研究首先确定了白消安对斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼的半致死浓度(LD50),在白消安/DMSO溶液中孵育24h的胚胎其LD50值为43.42μg·mL -1, 幼鱼的LD50则为237.33μg·mL -1;其次对白消安处理导致的形态学缺陷也进行了研究,主要包括钩形尾、无尾、脊椎弯曲、脊索波浪状扭曲、单胸鳍、围心包水肿、卵黄囊吸收延迟以及短体长;第三,利用阿利辛蓝(Alcian Blue)染色研究了颌骨和脊椎骨的异常发育,白消安处理过的幼鱼的麦克尔氏软骨(Meckel's cartilage)间的距离显著短于未处理过的阴性对照组,而处理组的幼鱼在脊椎骨的分化程度上也明显低于对照组;另外,为了研究白消安对斑马鱼生殖系统的影响,使用生殖细胞特异性的nanos1 cRNA探针标定斑马鱼原始生殖细胞,研究处理前后原始生殖细胞的增殖和迁移状况,发现暴露在40μg·mL -1的白消安/DMSO溶液中12h,不仅能够抑制原始细胞的增殖而且明显干扰了这些细胞的定向迁移。这种对细胞的迁移作用之前从未见诸报道,其机制需要进一步地深入研究。 相似文献
8.
近年来,伴随全球吸烟人数剧增,对吸烟所致雄性生殖毒性损伤关注也日益增多。研究表明,长期大量吸烟可致男性睾丸损伤,表现为精液质量下降等,然而其具体机制不详。为探讨线粒体凋亡通路在香烟烟雾暴露所致大鼠睾丸凋亡损伤中的调控作用,选用SPF级 SD 雄鼠并随机分为高、中、低香烟烟雾暴露组(30支/d、20支/d和10支/d)和对照组,采用静式染毒法处理各组,分别于2、4、6、8和12 周后麻醉处死动物,计算睾丸脏器系数,检测睾丸组织病理学改变及细胞凋亡情况。同时检测细胞凋亡激活因子1(cell apoptosis activation factor 1, Apaf-1)、胱天蛋白酶9(caspase-9)及Bcl-2家族中Bim、Bcl-w和Bak在mRNA和蛋白质水平的表达。结果显示,随香烟烟雾暴露剂量增加,暴露时间延长,暴露组大鼠的体重逐渐下降,睾丸组织呈现出明显的病理学改变,睾丸脏器系数逐渐减少。染毒第8周,中、高剂量组及第12周各剂量组睾丸脏器系数较对照组显著减少(P<0.05);睾丸阳性凋亡细胞数也随染毒时间延长而逐渐增多,从第 6 周起呈现统计学差异(P < 0.05);香烟烟雾暴露12周后,睾丸Apaf-1和胱天蛋白酶9表达均较空白组显著上调(P < 0.05);促凋亡基因 Bak 的mRNA转录水平在染毒初期逐渐下调,从第8周开始,其mRNA转录水平逐渐上调;Bak的蛋白质水平上调,在染毒12周时,Bak 的mRNA和蛋白质水平均出现显著性上调(P < 0.05);抗凋亡基因Bcl-w的mRNA转录表达在染毒第6周开始出现显著性下调(P < 0.05),Bcl-w在染毒12周时出现显著性下调(P < 0.05),BH3 only 基因 Bim 表达虽有上调趋势,但未出现统计学差异(P > 0.05)。以上结果提示,长期大量吸烟可激活线粒体凋亡通路,促使睾丸组织的不可逆性凋亡损伤。这为进一步探讨吸烟所致男性生殖损伤的分子机制提供了科学依据。 相似文献
9.
SCE频率分析是研究环境诱变剂和致癌剂引起人类遗传物质损伤的有效手段。以人类外周血林巴细胞姊妹染色单体交换(SCE)为指标,评价了香烟烟雾水溶液的遗传毒性。首先,定量测定了香烟烟雾水溶液中含有H2O2、O2-等活性氧,从而间接证明了其潜在的遗传毒性。然后,将一定量的香烟烟雾水溶液加入人外周血淋巴细胞培养液中,结果表明实验组SCE频率明显高于空白对照组,因此直接证明了香烟烟雾水溶液的遗传毒性。 相似文献
10.
视黄酸(维甲酸)可引起包括人在内的多种动物胚胎畸形,其生物活性是由一系列视黄酸受体及其配体介导的。其中视黄类受体RAR起主要作用,RAR的配体为强致畸物,相对致畸活性由强至弱依次为配体α、配体β和配体γ。视黄酸受体RXR的配体无致畸活性,但是可加强RAR激动剂的某些致畸郊应。视黄酸受体还可通过其它基因的表达而影响胚胎发育。对视黄类受体基因突变和不同视黄类受体及其配体与致畸作用的关系,以及此类受体对其它基因表达的调节作简要综述。Abstract: Retinoic acid can induce teratogenesis of the fetus of many animals including human, and its biological activities are induced by a serious of different retinoic acid accepters and their ligands. The retinoic acid acceptor RAR plays key roles in the teratogenesis, and the legands of RAR are strong teratogens. The intensity sequence of the relative teratogenesis is ligandα、ligandβ and ligandγ. The ligands of the retinoic acid acceptor RXR cannot induce teratogenesis, but they can enhance the teratogenesis of the RAR stimulus. The retinoic acid acceptors can also affect the development of the fetus by adjusting the expression of the other genes. The relations between the gene mutation of the retinoic acid acceptor, various retinoic acid acceptors and their ligands and teratogenesis of retinoic acid are summarized in this article. In addition, the regulations of the retinoic acid acceptors to the other genes are also discussed. 相似文献
11.
本实验用大鼠29只,进行人工通气吸入烟气,初步探讨了吸烟对肺循环的影响。其中7只观察了吸烟对肺循环血流动力学的直接影响,结果表明,吸烟可致右心室收缩压、心输出量下降及心率减慢,肺循环阻力无明显改变。观察22只大鼠吸烟后缺氧所致肺循环血流动力学变化,结果表明,吸烟可使缺氧性肺血管反应降低,而且发生在肺循环血流动力学变化之前。 相似文献
12.
Background: Cigarette smoke induces inflammation and remodels immune response. Genetic and epigenetic alterations might be involved in the pathogenesis of smoking related diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of smoking on systemic inflammation biomarkers and epigenetic changes at microRNA (miRNA) expression level. We also examined if the levels of inflammatory biomarkers were associated with selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Method: From 39 smokers and 101 non-smokers, levels of total white blood cells (WBCs) and its subpopulations, plasma cytokines/chemokines/proteins and miRNAs were analysed. For three biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP), MCP-1 and IFN-γ that were affected by smoking, the influence of SNPs was analyzed. Result: Elevated levels of total WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, CRP, MCP-1, IFN-γ and lower levels of miR-21 were detected in smokers. The elevated levels of IFN-γ in smokers was only statistically significantly associated with rs2069705 AG/GG SNP-genotype. Conclusions: A lower level of oncomir miRNA-21 and a higher level of immune modelling cytokine IFN-γ detected in smokers could be a protective immune response to cigarette smoke. The higher level of IFN-γ in smokers with a specific SNP genotype also suggests that a genetic interaction with smoking might predict the pathobiology of smoking related disease. 相似文献
13.
复制大鼠的慢性吸烟模型,采用气道反应性的测定、HE染色、免疫组织化学染色、原位杂交和免疫印迹实验等方法,观察吸烟对大鼠支气管平滑肌大电导的钙激活的钾通道(BKca)和电压依赖性延迟整流钾通道Kv1.5蛋白和mRNA表达的影响,以阐明吸烟引起的气道高反应性发病机制中钾通道表达变化的作用。结果显示:(1)慢性吸烟可降低大鼠大气道和小气道BKca和Kv1.5蛋白和mRNA表达;(2)大气道BKca的降低程度大于Kv1.5,小气道BKca和Kv1.5的降低程度无明显差异:(3)吸烟对全肺组织BKca和Kv1.5的蛋白表达无明显影响。上述结果提示,慢性吸烟可下调大鼠气道平滑肌钾通道BKca和Kv1.5的表达水平,是导致气道高反应的机制之一。 相似文献
14.
为进一步探讨高温致神经管畸形的机制, 本文利用我们已经建立的高温致神经管畸形金黄地鼠模型, 在神经管发育的不同阶段, 用免疫组织化学法检测了高温对神经管及其周围间充质中神经生长因子(Nerve Grow th Factor, NGF) 和NGF受体 (trkA) 表达的影响。结果显示: NGF及其受体广泛分布于神经管及其周围间充质内, 并随胎龄增加而呈规律性变化, 高温处理后的胚胎神经管上皮及其周围间充质中NGF及其受体的免疫组织化学反应不同程度的减弱。结果提示, 神经管NGF及其受体的减少, 可能是高温致神经管畸形的一个重要因素 相似文献
15.
Potential long-term health effects from tobacco products can be estimated by measuring changes in biochemical indicators of disease mechanisms like inflammation. This study assesses the potential relationships between biomarkers of potential harm (BOPH) and biomarkers of cigarette smoke exposure (BOE) based on data from the NHANES (2007–2012, n?=?17,293 respondents). Statistically significant relationships were observed between white blood cells (WBC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and BOE; between WBC and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and smoking status; and between WBC and HDL and smoking intensity. This analysis suggests that WBC and HDL are useful BOPH in studies assessing the health risks of cigarette smoking. 相似文献
16.
This is a comprehensive review on the harmful health effects of cigarette smoking. Tobacco smoking is a reprehensible habit that has spread all over the world as an epidemic. It reduces the life expectancy among smokers. It increases overall medical costs and contributes to the loss of productivity during the life span. Smoking has been shown to be linked with various neurological, cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases. Cigarette smoke not only affects the smokers but also contributes to the health problems of the non-smokers. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke contributes to health problems in children and is a significant risk factor for asthma. Cigarette smoke contains several carcinogens that alter biochemical defense systems leading to lung cancer. 相似文献
17.
AbstractManufacturers have developed prototype cigarettes yielding reduced levels of some tobacco smoke toxicants, when tested using laboratory machine smoking under standardised conditions. For the scientific assessment of modified risk tobacco products, tests that offer objective, reproducible data, which can be obtained in a much shorter time than the requirements of conventional epidemiology are needed. In this review, we consider whether biomarkers of biological effect related to oxidative stress can be used in this role. Based on published data, urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine, thymidine glycol, F 2-isoprostanes, serum dehydroascorbic acid to ascorbic acid ratio and carotenoid concentrations show promise, while 4-hydroxynonenal requires further qualification. 相似文献
18.
Acrylonitrile is an IARC class 2B carcinogen present in cigarette smoke. Urinary 2-cyanoethylmercapturic acid (CEMA) is an acrylonitrile metabolite and a potential biomarker for acrylonitrile exposure. The objective of this work was to study the dose response of CEMA in urine of non-smokers and smokers of different ISO tar yield cigarettes. We observed that smokers excreted >100-fold higher amounts of urinary CEMA than non-smokers. The CEMA levels in smokers were significantly correlated with ISO tar yield, daily cigarette consumption, and urinary biomarkers of smoke exposure. In conclusion, urinary CEMA is a suitable biomarker for assessing smoking-related exposure to acrylonitrile. 相似文献
19.
为研究母亲环氧化物水解酶1基因(EPHX1)多态性与新生儿出生体重间关系。收集了某纺织厂342名女工的资料,用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性法分析母亲EPHX1基因型,采用多元线性逐步回归模型分析母亲EPHX1多态性与新生儿出生体重关系。结果发现调整主要混杂因素后EPHX1的His139Arg/Arg139Arg基因型与新生儿出生体重有显著性相关(β±SE=-149g ± 56,P=— 0.0083)。经被动吸烟分层分析,结果显示:仅在有被动吸烟史人群中EPHX1的His139Arg/Arg139Arg基因型与新生儿出生体重有显著性相关,(β±SE=- 234g ± 88,P= 0.0088);而根据工作紧张程度分层分析后发现,仅在有工作紧张史人群中发现EPHX1的His139Arg/Arg139Arg基因型与新生儿出生体重有显著性相关(β±SE=- 157g ±t 59, P= 0.0079)。我们的结果显示母亲 EPHX1多态性与新生儿出生体重有显著性相关,并存在基因-环境的交互作用。 相似文献
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