Genome sequence of the vertebrate gut symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 53608

Lactobacillus reuteri, inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of a range of vertebrates, is a true symbiont with effects established as beneficial to the host. Here we describe the draft genome of L. reuteri ATCC 53608, isolated from a pig. The genome sequence provides important insights into the evolutionary changes underlying host specialization.     

Inducible transport of citrate in Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469

Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 exhibited diauxie when grown in a medium containing both glucose and citrate as energy source. Glucose was used as the primary energy source during the glucose-citrate diauxie. Uptake of citrate was carried out by an inducible citrate transport system. The induction of citrate uptake system was repressed in the presence of glucose. This repression was reversible and mediated by cAMP.     

Genome sequence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain CASL, an efficient L-lactic acid producer from cheap substrate cassava

Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a type of probiotic bacteria with industrial potential for L-lactic acid production. We announce the draft genome sequence of L. rhamnosus CASL (2,855,156 bp with a G+C content of 46.6%), which is an efficient producer of L-lactic acid from cheap, nonfood substrate cassava with a high production titer.     

Genome sequence of Lactobacillus cypricasei KCTC 13900

Lactobacillus cypricasei KCTC 13900 is important in the generation of particular flavors and in other ripening processes associated with specific cheeses. Here, we announce the draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus cypricasei KCTC 13900, isolated from cheeses, and describe major findings from its annotation.     

Genome sequence of Lactobacillus animalis KCTC 3501

Lactobacillus animalis is one of the most prevalent lactic acid bacteria present during the manufacturing process of kimchi, the best-known traditional Korean dish. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus animalis type strain KCTC 3501 (1,882,795 bp, with a G+C content of 41.1%), which consists of 7 scaffolds.     

Genome sequence of Lactobacillus versmoldensis KCTC 3814

Lactobacillus versmoldensis KCTC 3814 was isolated from raw fermented poultry salami. The species was present in high numbers and frequently dominated the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) populations of the products. Here, we announce the draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus versmoldensis KCTC 3814, isolated from poultry salami, and describe major findings from its annotation.     

Genome sequence of Lactobacillus farciminis KCTC 3681

Lactobacillus farciminis is one of the most prevalent lactic acid bacterial species present during the manufacturing process of kimchi, the best-known traditional Korean dish. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain Lactobacillus farciminis KCTC 3681 (2,498,309 bp, with a G+C content of 36.4%), which consists of 5 scaffolds.     

Genome sequence of Lactobacillus fructivorans KCTC 3543

Lactobacillus fructivorans is important in the generation of particular flavors and in other ripening processes associated with fermented food. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain Lactobacillus fructivorans KCTC 3543 (1,373,326 bp, with a G+C content of 38.9%), which consists of 5 scaffolds. The genome sequence was obtained by using a whole-genome shotgun strategy with Roche 454 GS (FLX Titanium) pyrosequencing, and all of the reads were assembled using Newbler Assembler 2.3.     

Genome sequence of Lactobacillus suebicus KCTC 3549

Lactobacillus suebicus is important in the generation of particular flavors and in other ripening processes associated with apple mash. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain Lactobacillus suebicus KCTC 3549 (2,656,936 bp, with a G+C content of 39.0%), which consists of 143 large contigs (>100 bp).     

Genome sequence of Lactobacillus amylovorus GRL1112

Lactobacillus amylovorus is a common member of the normal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota in pigs. Here, we report the genome sequence of L. amylovorus GRL1112, a porcine feces isolate displaying strong adherence to the pig intestinal epithelial cells. The strain is of interest, as it is a potential probiotic bacterium.     

Draft genome sequence of probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011

Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 is a commercially available probiotic that is widely used in human dietary supplements and pharmaceutical products. We prepared a draft genome sequence consisting of 10 contigs totaling 2,900,620 bases and a G+C content of 46.7% for this strain.     

Influence of temperature on flavour compound production from citrate by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469

The citrate utilization by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 was found to be temperature-dependent. The maximum citrate utilization and incorporation of [1,5-14C]citrate rate were observed at 37 degreesC. At this temperature, maximum citrate lyase activity and specific diacetyl and acetoin production (Y(DA%)) were observed. The high levels of alpha-acetolactate synthase and low levels of diacetyl reductase, acetoin reductase and L-lactate dehydrogenase found at 37 degreesC led to an accumulation of diacetyl and acetoin. Optimum lactic acid production was observed at 45 degreesC, according to the high lactate dehydrogenase activity. The NADH oxidase activity increased with increasing culture temperature from 22 degreesC to 37 degreesC. Thus there are greater quantities of pyruvate available for the production of alpha-acetolactate, diacetyl and aceotin, and less diacetyl and acetoin are reduced.     

Genome sequence of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare ATCC 49512

Flavobacterium columnare is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, and highly prevalent fish pathogen causing columnaris disease in freshwater fish worldwide. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of F. columnare strain ATCC 49512.     

Genome shuffling enhanced L-lactic acid production by improving glucose tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Genome shuffling is a powerful strategy for rapid engineering of microbial strains for desirable industrial phenotypes. Here we applied the genome shuffling to improve the glucose tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 11443 while simultaneously enhancing the L-lactic acid production. The starting population was generated by ultraviolet irradiation and nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis and then subjected for the recursive protoplast fusion. The positive colonies from library created by fusing the inactivated protoplasts were more likely to be screened on plates containing different concentrations of high glucose and 2% CaCO(3). Characterization of all mutants and wild-type strain in the shake flask indicated the compatibility of two optimal phenotypes of glucose tolerance and lactic acid enhancement. The lactic acid production, cell growth and glucose consumption of the best performing strain from the second round genome shuffled populations were 71.4%, 44.9% and 62.2% higher than those of the wild type at the initial glucose concentration of 150 g/l in the 16l bioreactor. Furthermore, the higher lactic acid concentrations were obtained when the initial glucose concentrations increased to 160 and 200 g/l in batch fermentation.     

Genome sequence of Propionibacterium acnes type II strain ATCC 11828

Propionibacterium acnes is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal human cutaneous microbiota and is occasionally associated with inflammatory diseases (I. Kurokawa et al., Exp. Dermatol. 18:821-832, 2009). Here we present the complete genome sequence for the commercially available P. acnes type II reference strain ATCC 11828 (I. Nagy et al., Microbes Infect. 8:2195-2205, 2006) recovered from a subcutaneous abscess.     

Structural studies of the exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (ATCC 53103)

The structure of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) from Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG has been investigated. In combination with component analysis, NMR spectroscopy shows that the polysaccharide is composed of hexasaccharide repeating units. Sequential information was obtained by two-dimensional (1)H,(1)H-NOESY, and (1)H,(13)C-HMBC NMR techniques. The structure of the repeating unit of the EPS from Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG was determined as: [carbohydrate structure: see text]     

Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus zeae isolates identified by sequence signature and immunoblot phenotype

Species taxonomy within the Lactobacillus casei group of bacteria has been unsettled. With the goal of helping clarify the taxonomy of these bacteria, we investigated the first 3 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S-23S rRNA interspacer region, and one third of the chaperonin 60 gene for Lactobacillus isolates originally designated as L. casei, L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, and L. zeae. For each genetic region, a phylogenetic tree was created and signature sequence analysis was done. As well, phenotypic analysis of the various strains was performed by immunoblotting. Both sequence signature analysis and immunoblotting gave immediate identification of L. casei, L. rhamnosus, and L. zeae isolates. These results corroborate and extend previous findings concerning these lactobacilli; therefore, we strongly endorse recent proposals for revised nomenclature. Specifically, isolate ATCC 393 is appropriately rejected as the L. casei type strain because of grouping with isolates identified as L. zeae. As well, because all other L. casei isolates, including the proposed neotype isolate ATCC 334, grouped together with isolates designated L. paracasei, we support the use of the single species L. casei and rejection of the name L. paracasei.     

Genome sequence of the curdlan-producing Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 31749

Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 is an industrial strain for the commercial production of curdlan, an important exopolysaccharide with food and medical applications. Here we report the genome sequence of the curdlan-producing strain ATCC 31749. Genome sequencing is the first step toward the understanding of regulation of curdlan biosynthesis.